Uma une-PC endala ekhona, ungayilahli ebhinini lokusebenzisa kabusha okwamanje. Ukunikezwa kukagesi kwe-ATX endaweni yelebhu Kungenye yalezo zinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi zakudala ezikuvumela ukuthi wonge imali eningi, njengoba izinketho zezentengiselwano zivame ukubiza kakhulu futhi zisezingeni eliphansi.
Umqondo uwukusizakala ngokuthi le mithombo isivele iklanyelwe ukuletha ama-voltage amaningi azinzile Futhi ngamandla amakhulu, ziba ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo lokunika amandla ama-prototype, ama-motor, noma noma iyiphi isekethe oyihlanganisayo ebhentshini lakho lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, akukhona nje ukusika izintambo; udinga ukwazi ukuthi wenzani ukuze ugweme ukulimaza noma yini enkambisweni.
Izinto kanye namathuluzi adingekayo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo oqediwe awubukeki njengomsebenzi wesikole futhi empeleni ungasetshenziswa, udinga isethi yamathuluzi ayisisekelo: i-multimeter, insimbi yokunamathisela, i-solderIzicucu zezintambo, izikulufi, kanye ne-drill enezingcezu zokubhoboza insimbi. Ukuze kuqedwe, iphepha lokusanta, upende omnyama wokufutha, kanye ne-thinner kuzosiza kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nezingxenye ezithile zokuhlanganisa, zilungiselele ngalokhu okulandelayo:
- Izixhumi zebhanana ezibomvu ezi-6 kokukhipha i-voltage kanye nezintambo ezimbili ezimnyama zomhlabathi (i-GND).
- Iswishi yamandla kanye ne-LED ebomvu engu-5mm ene-resistor yayo engu-330 Ohm ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ikhona yini i-current.
- Ngokwengxenye ye- i-voltage eguquguqukayoIsilawuli se-LM317, i-potentiometer engu-5K Ohms, i-diode engu-1N4007, kanye nenhlanganisela yama-capacitor (220uF, 100uF, kanye ne-10uF ku-25V noma ngaphezulu) kubalulekile.
- Isivikelo esingu-120 Ohm kanye nepayipi lokunciphisa ukushisa (i-thermofit) ukuvimbela izintambo ukuthi zingafinyeleli kalula.
Inqubo yokuguqula isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuvula umthombo ngokucophelela. Naka lapha: Ama-capacitor amakhulu angagcina ishaja noma ngabe inqanyuliwe, ngakho-ke zikhiphe ngokubopha ama-terminals nge-screwdriver evalekile ukuze ugweme noma yikuphi ukumangala.
Uma usuvuliwe, susa ibhodi lesifunda sangaphakathi, ifeni, kanye neswishi yokuqala. Ngincoma ukuhlanza lonke uthuli ngomoya ocindezelwe kanye penda i-casing Ukuze ibukeke njengochwepheshe. Ngaphambi kokuyihlanganisa kabusha, bhoboza imbobo esembozweni esiphezulu ukuze ifake i-potentiometer, i-LED, kanye nama-banana plugs.
Ukuze uqalise ukunikezwa kwamandla, kukhona icebo eliyisisekelo: ikhebula eliluhlaza (PS-ON) Kumelwe ixhunywe emhlabathini (GND). Yilapho sibeka khona iswishi yokuvula nokuvala imishini. Ukuze uthole isibani sesikhombisi, ungahlanganisa i-LED kanye ne-resistor yayo nentambo empunga, evame ukuthwala isignali ye-Power Good.
Ukucushwa kokukhipha kanye ne-voltage eguquguqukayo
Izinsiza zikagesi ze-ATX zinikeza amanani aqinile awusizo kakhulu. Kuye ngemibala yekhebula, uzokwazi ukufinyelela... +3.3V (orenji), +5V (obomvu), -5V (omhlophe), +12V (ophuzi) kanye no-12V (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka)Le migqa isekela imisinga ephezulu impela, ilungele ukunika amandla ama-motor.
Uma ufuna ukuya phambili, ungakha isekethe nge-LM317 usebenzisa ibhodi elinezimbobo. Lo mlawuli uzokuvumela ukuthi uthole okukhiphayo okuguquguqukayo kusuka ku-1.2V kuya cishe ku-12VUdinga nje ukunika amandla i-LM317 kusuka kulayini we-12V womthombo wamandla bese uxhuma i-potentiometer esivalweni ukuze ulungise i-voltage ngendlela oyithandayo.
Ukucabangela okuthuthukisiwe kobunjiniyela nokulawula
Ngombono wobuchwepheshe, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi sibhekene ne- ukunikezwa kwamandla kwemodi eshintshiwe (i-SMPS) hhayi nge-linear. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukulawulwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-pulse width modulation (PWM). Iphutha elivamile ukuzama ukwengeza ama-capacitor amaningi kumphumela ucabanga ukuthi azonciphisa umsindo; empeleni, lokhu kungenza qeda ukuzinza kwe-feedback loop futhi kwenza impendulo ibe yimbi kakhulu ezintweni ezidlulayo.
Kulabo abafuna ukunemba kobungcweti, ukuhlaziya iluphu yokulawula kubalulekile. Uma udinga ukukhawulela ugesi ukuze uvikele amasekethe akho, ungasebenzisa i- Ukumelana kwe-shunt okungu-0.01 Ohms ukukala ukwehla kwamandla kagesi nokusebenzisa i-amplifier yokusebenza (njenge-LM358, esekela amandla kagesi aseduze ne-0V) ukuze inike amandla iphini yokuphendula yesilawuli se-TL494.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukwenza ngcono isihlungi sokukhipha. Ukuze uvimbele i-inductor core ukuthi ingagcwali ngaphansi kwamaza aphezulu, ungakwazi yisonge kuma-core amabili e-toroidalNgokufanayo, ukufaka esikhundleni se-capacitor enkulu ngezincane eziningana ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa ukumelana kochungechunge olulinganayo (ESR), kwehlisa izinga lokushisa futhi kuthuthukise ukuhlunga.
Imiqondo ebalulekile kagesi: Amandla kanye ne-Power Factor
Kubalulekile ukungadidanisi amandla asebenzayo (W) namandla abonakalayo (VA). Ku-alternating current, i- impedance esabelayo yamakhoyili Ama-capacitor adala ukushintsha kwesigaba phakathi kwe-voltage kanye ne-current. I-power factor (cos φ) ikhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusebenza kahle kangakanani; uma isondele ku-1, umthwalo uyaphikiswa kakhulu. Kuvamile ukuthola ama-capacitor kulawa mandla. izilungisi zezinto zamandla (i-PFC) ukuze kuthuthukiswe leli nani futhi kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi kagesi.
Uma sekuqediwe ukuhlanganiswa, umphumela uba ithuluzi elinamandla elihlanganisa okukhiphayo kwamandla aphezulu okuqinile nenketho elungisekayo, okukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokuphepha okuphelele inqobo nje uma uhlonipha imikhawulo yengxenye ngayinye futhi ugcine ifeni isebenza ukuze uvimbele ukushisa ngokweqile.
