- I-firmware ye-OpenWrt ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule i-router evamile ibe idivayisi yenethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe enamakhono okuphatha ochwepheshe.
- Ukuhambisana kuyahlukahluka kuye ngehadiwe, kanti izinhlelo ze-x86 zinamandla kakhulu ngenxa yamandla azo okucubungula kanye nenkumbulo.
- Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinhlelo zefayela le-ext4 kanye ne-squashfs kunquma ukuguquguquka kokubhala kanye nokuzinza kwesistimu yokusebenza.
Uma unomuzwa wokuthi isofthiwe efakwe ngaphambilini ku-router yakho ayisebenzi, noma ufuna nje ukushintsha inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya, ukufaka i-OpenWrt kuyisinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo. Akukhona nje ukushintshanisa isikhombikubona esisodwa nesinye; kumayelana nokuguqula idivayisi eyisisekelo ibe ithuluzi elinamandla elikwazi ukuphatha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi njengochwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqhubeke ngokuqapha ukuze ugweme ukwenza imishini yakho ingasebenzi.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubunzima buyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga lakho lolwazi: uma usuvele ujwayelene ne-Linux futhi wazi ukuthi ikheli le-IP liyini, lokhu kuzoba lula, kodwa uma usaqala, lungela ukufunda imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuxhumana . Khumbula ukuthi ukukhanyisa ikhompyutha kuhambisana nezingozi, ngakho-ke kwenze ngengozi yakho, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi umphumela uyakufanelekela.
Amalungiselelo kanye nemiqondo eyisisekelo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle, kumele siqale sikhethe isithombe esifanele. Endabeni yama-router athile njenge-WR842N, sizofuna isithombe se-Factory esizothatha indawo ye-firmware yokuqala . Iphuzu elibalulekile uhlelo lwefayela: ifomethi ye-squashfs iguquguquka kakhulu kune-jffs2, yize ezinhlelweni ze-x86 sizobona nenketho ye-ext4, efanelekile uma sihlose ukufaka inani elikhulu lamaphakheji njengoba ivumela ukubhala okuqondile.
Uma ufuna ukugwema izinkinga, gwema "i-trunk" noma izinguqulo zokuthuthukisa, njengoba zivame ukungabi ne-interface yesithombe ye-LuCI. Kungcono ukukhetha izinguqulo ezizinzile noma eziseduze nokuqina ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-router ayikuniki izinkinga ezingalindelekile phakathi nenqubo.
Ukufakwa kuma-router avamile
Inqubo evamile ivame ukuba lula kakhulu. Okokuqala, xhuma ikhompyutha yakho ku-router usebenzisa ikhebula le-Ethernet kunoma yimaphi amachweba e-LAN. I-router ivame ukwabela ikheli le-IP nge-DHCP; isibonelo, kumadivayisi e-TP-Link, i-subnet ivame ukuba yi-192.168.0.0/24, futhi ungafinyelela isikhombimsebenzisi sewebhu ku-192.168.0.1 ngeziqinisekiso zokuphatha/ukuphatha.
Uma usungaphakathi, hamba uye esigabeni samathuluzi esistimu bese ubheka inketho ethi Ukuthuthukiswa kweFirmware . Layisha ifayela le-OpenWrt olilandile ngaphambilini bese uchofoza inkinobho yokuthuthukisa. Inqubo ingathatha cishe imizuzu emi-5. Uma ungaboni isikhombimsebenzisi sewebhu ngemuva kwalokho, ungangena ngemvume nge-SSH bese usebenzisa imiyalo yokufaka i-LuCI bese unika amandla iseva ye-uhttpd , uqale ubuyekeze uhlu lwephakheji nge-`opkg update`.
Ukuqhubekela phambili kuma-router asekelwe ku-x86
Ukufaka i-OpenWrt kuhadiwe ye-x86 (njenge-PC endala noma iseva yezimboni) kuwumdlalo webhola ohlukile ngokuphelele. Lapha, uthola ukusebenza okumangalisayo okuluhlaza, okukuvumela ukuthi usethe amaseva e-VPN asheshayo noma abaphathi bethrafikhi abayinkimbinkimbi. Izidingo ezincane zilula: iprosesa engu-64-bit, okungenani i-512 MB ye-RAM (yize i-1 GB ifaneleka), kanye nesitoreji esingaba ngu-2 GB, okungcono kakhulu ku-SSD ukuze isebenze ngokushesha okukhulu—inketho enhle kakhulu uma ufuna ukuthola okuningi kuma-PC akho amadala.
Izinyathelo zokukhanyisa ku-x86
- Ukudala i-boot medium: Silande isithombe se-x86-64 futhi sasebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-Rufus ku-Windows noma i-Etcher ku-macOS/Linux ukuze sishise isithombe sibe yidrayivu ye-USB. Lokhu kubalulekile. qinisekisa ubuqotho befayela nge-sha256sum ukugwema amaphutha ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
- Ukusetha i-BIOS: Siqala kabusha ikhompyutha bese sifaka i-BIOS/UEFI (sisebenzisa i-F2, i-F10 noma i-DEL) ukuze ukubeka phambili ukuqala kusuka ku-USBUngakhohlwa ukukhubaza i-Secure Boot uma uhlelo lwehluleka ukuqala.
- Inqubo yokubhala: Uma umfakisi eselayishile, khetha idrayivu oya kuyo (i-hard drive noma i-SSD) bese uqhubeka nenqubo yokukhanyisa. Uma usuqedile, susa idrayivu ye-USB bese uqala kabusha ukuze uvule uhlelo lokusebenza.
Ukucushwa kokuqala kanye nokwenza ngcono
Ngemva kokuqalisa kokuqala, finyelela isikhombikubona se-LuCI ngokufaka u-192.168.1.1 kusiphequluli sakho sewebhu. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusetha iphasiwedi eqinile yomsuka kumenyu ye-System > Administration ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ku-router. Okulandelayo, lungiselela isikhombikubona se-WAN ngokuya ngephrothokholi yomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi (i-DHCP noma i-PPPoE) bese ulungisa izilungiselelo ze-LAN ngendlela oyithandayo.
Ukuze sizuze kakhulu kwihadiwe, singafaka amaphakheji abalulekile. Kusukela kumphathi wesofthiwe, singangeza ukwesekwa kwe-WireGuard noma i-OpenVPN , amathuluzi ezibalo afana ne-luci-app-statistics, noma ngisho ne-Samba4 uma sifuna ukusetha iseva encane yefayela. Kuzinhlelo ze-x86, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kunikwe amandla i -Smart Queue Management (SQM) ukuze kuqedwe ukubambezeleka futhi kusetshenziswe amaprosesa amaningi.
Izici Ezithuthukile Namaqhinga
Enye yamandla e-OpenWrt yikhono layo lokudala ama-VLAN. Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukuhlukanisa inethiwekhi yethu yasekhaya , sihlukanise, isibonelo, amadivayisi e-IoT (ama-light bulb, ama-smart plug) kunethiwekhi yethu eyinhloko ukuze uma eyodwa igetshengiwe, idivayisi ethintekile ingakwazi ukufinyelela kukhompyutha yethu—okufana nokuqinisa i-homelab ngama-VLAN.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unezixhumanisi ezimbili ze-inthanethi, ungalungiselela i -Dual-WAN yokulinganisela umthwalo noma ube nomugqa wokusekelayo. Kwabathanda kakhulu, kunezikripthi ezenzakalelayo ezisebenzisa umphathi wephakheji ye-APK (ezinguqulweni zakamuva) kanye nethuluzi le-owut ukugcina i-firmware ibuyekeziwe nge-SSH, yenza izipele ezizenzakalelayo ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwenguqulo ngayinye.
Ukuxazulula inkinga okuvamile
Uma i-router ingafuni ukuqala, into yokuqala okufanele uyihlole yi-BIOS kanye ne-USB port. Uma unezinkinga zenethiwekhi, qiniseka ukuthi i-PC yakho ikumodi ye-DHCP noma yabela ikheli le-IP elisetshenziswa ngesandla njenge-192.168.1.2. Uma wenza iphutha elibalulekile lokucushwa, ungasebenzisa njalo inkinobho yokusetha kabusha ngokomzimba ngokuyibamba imizuzwana eyi-15 noma, nge-SSH, ngokusebenzisa umyalo othi `firstboot` kulandelwe ukuqala kabusha.
Uma udinga ukubuyela kusofthiwe yokuqala, kufanele ulande i-firmware kumkhiqizi bese uyilayisha nge-interface ye-OpenWrt, yize le nqubo ihlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imodeli injani. Kulabo abangafuni ukunikezela ngehadiwe ebonakalayo, i-OpenWrt ingasebenza kahle njengomshini obonakalayo ku-VirtualBox noma i-VMware , okulungele ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthuthela emshinini wangempela.
Ukuqonda i-OpenWrt kukuvumela ukuthi usuke ku-router elinganiselwe uye esikhungweni sokulawula esiphelele lapho ukuphepha, isivinini kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kubusa khona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwenza ngcono inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ngama-VLAN, ukusetha i-VPN yangasese noma ukusindisa i-PC endala ukuze uyinike impilo yesibili njengobuchopho bokuxhumana kwakho.