Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sekuke kwenzeka kuwe ngaphambili: uvula ikhompyutha yakho egcwele injabulo, bese kuthi ngokuzumayo, ubhekane nesikrini esimnyama nomyalezo oyimfihlo okutshela ukuthi Umphathi we-boot we-GRUB ushonileKungenzeka ukuthi ubudlala ngama-disk partitions, ufake iWindows ngemuva kweLinux futhi kungenzeka ukuthi isuse umkhakha wokuqalisa, noma isibuyekezo sesistimu kungenzeka ukuthi asihambanga kahle endleleni.
Into yokuqala ukungesabi, ngoba noma kungabonakala sengathi imishini yakho isidlulile, idatha yakho ihlala ingashintshiI-GRUB imane nje iyisango lokungena ohlelweni, futhi noma ngabe isango liphukile, indlu isekhona. Kuye ngokuthi yini onayo etholakalayo, kunezindlela eziningana zokuxazulula le nkinga, kusukela ekusebenziseni ikhonsoli ye-GRUB uqobo uma isaphendula, kuya ekusebenziseni i- Ubuntu noma i-Debian Live USB ukwenza ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile.
Ukubuyiselwa okuqondile kusuka ku-GRUB console
Si tienes la suerte de que el equipo no arranca pero aún puedes entrar en la línea de comandos de GRUB (pulsando la tecla ‘c’ al inicio), puedes intentar levantar el sistema sin necesidad de un USB externo. Lo primero es thola ukuthi amafayela akho atholakala kuphi isebenzisa umyalo lsokuzokukhombisa amadiski nama-partition atholakalayo, njenge (hd0,msdos1).
Uma usuyitholile idiski, kufanele ubheke ifolda boot ukuhlola ukwahlukaniswa nge ls (hd0,1)/Uma uthola ofanele, kufanele lungiselela umzila wesiqalo kanye nempande yesistimu kusetshenziswa imiyalo set prefix=(hd0,1)/boot/grub y set root=(hd0,1)Okulandelayo, thola i-kernel etholakalayo kufolda yokuqalisa bese uyilayisha usebenzisa umyalo linux, ecacisa i-root partition (isibonelo, root=/dev/sda1), ukuze ekugcineni kusebenze initrd bese uvula injini.
Uma usungene ngemvume ngempumelelo esimisweni sakho somsebenzisi, ungakhohlwa lungisa unomphela isiqalisiVula i-terminal njengempande bese uqalisa grub-install /dev/sda seguido de update-grub2 y update-initramfs -u ukuze inkinga ingaphindi lapho iqala kabusha.
Ukufakwa kabusha kusetshenziswa i-Live USB (Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Manual kanye ne-Chroot)
Uma i-GRUB ingekho ngokuphelele, ikhambi elithembeke kakhulu ukusebenzisa I-USB ebukhoma yanoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian (njenge-Ubuntu noma i-Linux Mint). Isihluthulelo ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-Live USB (AMD64 noma i386) kufane nokwesistimu yakho efakiwe ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha lapho kuqhutshwa inqubo. ushintsho lwempande noma i-chroot.
Inqubo iqala ngokuhlonza izingxenye nge sudo fdisk -lKubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukuthi iyiphi i-root partition (/) nokuthi unayo yini i-/boot partition ehlukile. Ukuze uqhubeke, kumele faka i-root partition ku-/mnt futhi, uma ikhona, eyokuqala ku /mnt/bootUkuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle ngaphakathi kwendawo ebukhoma, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlanganiswa okuxhunyiwe yezinkomba ezibalulekile zesistimu yokusebenza esebenza sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/devfuthi ngoba /dev/pts, /proc y /sys.
Uma konke kuhlanganisiwe, sisebenzisa umyalo sudo chroot /mntLokhu kufana nokwenza iqhinga lomlingo: sitshela ikhompyutha ukuthi Impande manje isiyi-hard drive yethu hhayi i-USB. Kusukela lapha, sifaka kabusha umphathi nge grub-install /dev/sda futhi sibuyekeze izilungiselelo nge grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg o update-grubEkugcineni, sahamba exit futhi saqala kabusha.
Izixazululo ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezinye izindlela ezisheshayo
Uma ungazizwa ukhululekile ukuzulazula esigungwini noma uthola inqubo inzima kakhulu, kukhona ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi Ukulungisa i-Boot okuyinto esindisa impilo yangempela. Ukuze uyisebenzise, qalisa kusuka ku-Ubuntu Live USB, vula i-terminal, bese ufaka ithuluzi kusuka ezindaweni zalo ezisemthethweni zokugcina idatha. Uma selivuliwe, mane ukhethe inketho yokuthi ukulungiswa okunconywayo Futhi uhlelo luzokwenza wonke umsebenzi ongcolile kuwe, luthole izinhlelo zokusebenza bese lufaka kabusha i-GRUB ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ezimweni ezilula, lapho sidinga ukufaka kabusha i-GRUB kuphela ngaphandle kokwenza i-chroot ephelele, singafaka ukwahlukanisa okuqukethe isiqondisi sokuqalisa kufolda yesikhashana efana /tmp/part bese ugijima sudo grub-install --root-directory=/tmp/part /dev/sda. Lokhu kuyasiza uma Sifuna umzila oqondile kakhulu futhi siyazi kahle ukuthi ishaja yokuqalisa ikuphi.
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokusebenzisa imiyalo ebhalwe ngesandla kukhonsoli ye-GRUB, indlela ye-chroot ene-USB drive ebhuthwayo, noma ukusebenzisa amathuluzi azenzakalelayo njenge-Boot-Repair, isihluthulelo sisekuhlonzeni kahle izingxenye zediski nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhakha wokuqalisa we-MBR noma i-EFI uxhunywe kahle ku-kernel yesistimu yokusebenza efakiwe.
