- I-DNS ihumusha amagama wesizinda kube amakheli e-IP, isiza ukufinyelela kumawebhusayithi kanye nezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi.
- Isebenza ngesizindalwazi esabalalisiwe esihlelwe ngokwezigaba kuwo wonke amaseva amaningi.
- Inqubo yokuxazulula i-DNS ikuvumela ukuthi ubuze futhi uthole amakheli e-IP wamagama wesizinda.
- Amarekhodi e-DNS ahlobanisa amagama esizinda namakheli e-IP nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsizakalo kunethiwekhi.
I-DNS: Incazelo, izinhlobo nezici
Incazelo ye-DNS
I-Domain Name System (DNS) iyisizindalwazi esisabalalisiwe esigcina ulwazi mayelana nendawo yamagama esizinda ku-inthanethi. I-DNS ihumusha amagama esizinda abe amakheli e-IP, okukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele amawebhusayithi, i-imeyili, kanye nezinye izinsiza eziku-inthanethi ngokuthayipha ama-URL azo.
Uhlelo Lwegama Lesizinda (i-DNS) luyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela esisebenzisa ngayo i-inthanethi namuhla. Luvumela abasebenzisi ukufinyelela amawebhusayithi ahlukene besebenzisa amakheli okulula ukuwakhumbula njenge-"www.google.com" esikhundleni samakheli e-IP okunzima ukuwakhumbula njenge-74.125.226, kodwa empeleni lwenza okungaphezu kwalokho.
Izinhlobo Zesistimu Yegama Lesizinda
I-DNS isizindalwazi esabalalisiwe, okusho ukuthi igcinwa kumaseva amaningi. Lawa maseva ahlelwa abe amazoni futhi adluliselwe ezinhlanganweni noma kubantu abahlukene.
Izoni ngayinye nayo inohlelo olulandelanayo: isizinda sezinga eliphezulu (i-TLD) siphezulu kwesihlahla se-DNS, silandelwa yikhodi yezwe ye-TLD njenge-.us noma .uk; bese usho/amakhodi esifunda njengokuthi .nyc noma .ca; bese kuba namakhodi edolobha afana ne-.manhattan namakhodi omakhelwane njenge-.westvillage. Kulo mongo, ukuqonda ukwakheka nokuhleleka kwenhlangano kubalulekile ukuze kuphathwe ngendlela efanele amarekhodi nezindawo.
Izici Zohlelo Lwegama Lesizinda
I-DNS iyisizindalwazi esisatshalaliswe , okusho ukuthi sisakazeka kumaseva amaningi ahlukene. Lokhu kuyenza ikwazi ukumelana nokwehluleka kunesizindalwazi esihlanganisiwe, ngoba uma iseva eyodwa iwa, idatha isengafinyelelwa kwenye indawo.
Ukulandelana kweSistimu Yegama Lesizinda kunohlelo: ezingeni eliphezulu izizinda ezisezingeni eliphezulu (TLDs), njenge-.com kanye ne-.org; Ngezansi kwazo kunezizinda ezisezingeni lesibili, ezifana ne-google.com noma i-apple.com; Ngezansi lezi kunezizinda zezinga lesithathu, njenge-gmail.google.com.
Ukuqonda kahle Uhlelo Lwegama Lesizinda kubalulekile kunoma ubani osebenzisa i-inthanethi.
I-DNS iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-inthanethi futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhumusha amagama esizinda kuya kumakheli e-IP, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baxhume kumawebhusayithi nezinye izinsiza zewebhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwenza usesho kumanethiwekhi angaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuze amawebhusayithi afinyeleleke kusuka kukhompuyutha yakho yasekhaya noma ifoni ngaphandle kokwazi ikheli lakho le-IP langempela kusengaphambili.
Uhlelo Lwegama Lesizinda nalo lubalulekile ekuphequluleni i-imeyili newebhu, ngoba yilo elikuvumela ukuthi uthayiphe okuthi “google.com” esikhundleni sokuthi “74.125.224.72” njalo uma ufuna ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi ye-Google. Ngaphandle kwamaseva e-DNS emhlabeni jikelele ahumushela la makheli afundekayo abantu abe izinombolo ezifundeka ngomshini (futhi okuphambene nalokho), sonke besingeke sibambeke kumakhompyutha ethu sizama ngamandla ukuthi singalahleki.
Izincazelo ezibalulekile zemiqondo ehlobene ne-DNS
Nazi izincazelo zemiqondo ehlobene nezinhlelo zamagama esizinda kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha.
I-DNS (Isistimu Yegama Lesizinda)
Luhlelo oluhumusha amagama esizinda afundeka kubantu abe amakheli e-IP anezinombolo asetshenziswa amakhompyutha namanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi.
Igama lesizinda
Iyingxenye efundekayo nekhumbuleka kalula yekheli lewebhu, isibonelo: "google.com". Amagama ezizinda abelwe amakheli e-IP athile Kusistimu Yegama Lesizinda.
IP (Iphrothokholi Ye-inthanethi)
Kuyisethi yemithetho evumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivaysi kunethiwekhi. Yonke idivayisi ekunethiwekhi inekheli le-IP elihlukile elisetshenziselwa ukuyikhomba.
Ikheli le-IP
Luwuchungechunge lwezinombolo olukhomba idivayisi exhunywe kunethiwekhi . Kungaba ikheli le-IP version 4 (IPv4) noma ikheli le-IP version 6 (IPv6).
Iseva ye-DNS
Kuyiseva yenethiwekhi equkethe izizindalwazi ezigcina futhi ziphathe amarekhodi egama lesizinda kanye namakheli awo e-IP ahambisanayo. Amaseva esistimu yegama lesizinda asiza ekusesheni nasekuhumusheni amagama esizinda.
Isixazululo se-DNS
Kuyinqubo yokusesha nokuhumusha igama lesizinda ekhelini le-IP elihambisanayo. Lapho ufaka igama lesizinda ibe isiphequluli sewebhu, uhlelo imibuzo Domain Name System iseva ukuthola ikheli IP ezihlobene negama lesizinda.
Irekhodi le-DNS
Kungukufakwa kusizindalwazi seseva ye -DNS okuhlanganisa igama lesizinda nekheli le-IP. Amarekhodi e-DNS afaka izinhlobo ezahlukene njenge-A (ikheli le-IPv4), i-AAAA (ikheli le-IPv6), i-CNAME (igama lesizinda elingelona elangempela), i-MX (iseva ye-imeyili), nokuningi.
I-DNS caching
Kuyindlela lapho iseva ye-DNS igcina khona okwesikhashana ulwazi olutholwe embuzweni we-DNS ukuze kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka emibuzweni yesikhathi esizayo yesizinda esifanayo.
Igunya le-DNS
Iseva egunyaziwe ye-DNS yileyo enolwazi “lo olusemthethweni” lwesizinda esithile noma isizinda esithile. Uma iseva ye-DNS ingenalo ulwazi oluceliwe, izobuza amanye amaseva ize ithole iseva egunyaziwe enganikeza ulwazi olufunekayo.
