- I-Metaprogramming ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe ikhodi njengedatha, ukhiqize noma uguqule ikhodi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze wenze imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi unciphise ukuphindaphinda.
- Iphumelela kakhulu ezilimini ezishintshashintshayo (i-Python, i-Ruby, i-JavaScript) ngabahlobisi, ama-proxies kanye nokuzindla; ikhona futhi ku-C++ kanye ne-Julia enama-macros nama-templates.
- Inikeza ukuguquguquka, ikhodi ephindaphindwayo kanye nokucashunwa okuncane, kodwa yandisa ubunzima futhi ingathinta ukusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kwayo.
I-Metaprogramming ingumqondo othakazelisayo ezinhlelweni zesimanje. Kuqukethe ikhono lezinhlelo lokushintsha noma ukukhiqiza ikhodi ngendlela eguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwazo, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo nokudala izixazululo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Nakuba ekuqaleni kungase kubonakale kungenangqondo noma kuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuyiqonda kuvula umnyango wezindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nezinkinga zentuthuko.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi iyini i-metaprogramming, ukusetshenziswa kwayo, izinzuzo, kanye nezinselelo. Sizophinde sihlaziye okuhlukile kwayo nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani ezilimini ezihlukene zokuhlela, kusukela kwezivamile kuya kweziguquguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, sizothola ukuthi i-metaprogramming ingashintsha kanjani indlela esibhala ngayo nesiyiqonda ngayo ikhodi.
Yini i-metaprogramming?
I-Metaprogramming iyindlela evumela uhlelo ukuthi luphathe ikhodi njengedatha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isofthiwe ingahlaziya, iguqule, ikhiqize, noma iziguqule ngokwayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngamagama alula, "ukuhlela okubhala ukuhlela ." Lesi sici senza kube lula ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kanye nokudalwa kwezixazululo ezivamile neziguquguqukayo.
Le nqubo ithola ukuhambisana okuthile ezilimini eziguqukayo ezifana Python, Ruby o i-JavaScript, lapho unokufinyelela kumathuluzi afana eval noma ama-proxy, anika amandla ukukhohliswa okukhulu kwekhodi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, likhona nangezilimi ezimile njenge C ++, nakuba kunemikhawulo ebalulekile.
Umlando kanye nemvelaphi ye-metaprogramming
Umqondo we-metaprogramming awumusha. Wavela eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-40 eyedlule ngezilimi ezifana ne -Lisp , iphayona ekuhlinzekeni ngamathuluzi okuphatha ikhodi njengedatha. Kamuva, i-Smalltalk yathatha lo mbono yawuyisa ezingeni elisha phakathi nawo-80, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ube yisici esiphindaphindayo ezilimini eziningi zanamuhla. Nakuba lezi zilimi ekuqaleni zazinemikhawulo yokusebenza, ziye zathuthuka kakhulu ngenxa yentuthuko ekuthuthukisweni kwehadiwe kanye nesofthiwe.
Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwama- proxies kanye nokuzindla ku -JavaScript kusukela ku- ES6 kwaphawula ukuguquka kwamakhono ayo e-metaprogramming. Ngokufanayo, izilimi ezifana ne -Ruby kanye ne -Python zenze ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezifana nabahlobisi kanye nama-macros kwanda , okwenza imisebenzi ye-metaprogramming ibe lula ngendlela eqondakala kalula nenamandla.
Izinhlobo nezindlela ze-metaprogramming
I-Metaprogramming ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbalwa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwayo nesikhathi okwenziwa ngaso. Nazi eziphawuleka kakhulu:
I-Reflective Metaprogramming
Lolu hlobo lugxile ekhonweni lohlelo lokuzihlola nokuzilungisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, ku i-JavaScript, usebenzisa into Reflect, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwezinye izinto kungahlolwa.
- Ukuzihlola: Ikuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye izakhiwo, izindlela noma izakhiwo zento. Ngezilimi eziguqukayo, lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa idatha noma ukwenza ukuhlola amakhodi.
- Ukuzilungisa: Kusho ukuthi uhlelo lungashintsha ikhodi yalo noma ukuziphatha njengoba lusebenza, nakuba le ndlela kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha.
I-Generative Metaprogramming
Le ndlela igxile ekubhaleni ikhodi ekhiqiza ikhodi eyengeziwe, kungaba ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa noma ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Isibonelo sakudala ku Julia I-macro @eval, okuvumela ukuthi udale izindlela ngendlela ezenzakalelayo, unciphisa ikhodi ephindaphindayo.
Izilimi Ezicacisiwe Zesizinda (DSLs)
I-Metaprogramming isetshenziselwa ukudala Ama-DSL, okuyizandiso ezincane zolimi oluyisisekelo ezidizayinelwe umsebenzi othile. Ku I-Ruby ku-RailsNgokwesibonelo, kuvamile ukubona izitatimende ezifana validates_presence_of, okuqinisekisa idatha ngendlela efundekayo neqondile.
Amathuluzi abalulekile nemiqondo ngezilimi ezahlukene
I-Metaprogramming ayihlukile kunoma yiluphi ulimi oluthile, kodwa ulimi ngalunye lulisebenzisa ngamathuluzi ahlukile. Ezinye ezihambisanayo zichazwe lapha:
i-JavaScript
En i-JavaScript, ukufika kwe- ES6 Weza namathuluzi njengezinto Ummeleli y Reflect, okusiza ukuhlola kanye nokukhohlisa into:
- Ummeleli: Ikuvumela ukuthi ubambe iqhaza elifana nokwabelwa kwesakhiwo noma amakholi ezindlela, echaza ukuziphatha ngokwezifiso ohlelweni.
- Bonisa: Ihlinzeka nge-API yokusebenzisana nezakhiwo zento, ukwenza imisebenzi yangaphambilini ibe lula ebidinga ikhodi enemininingwane eyengeziwe.
Python
Ku -Python , i-metaprogramming yenziwa ibe nokwenzeka ngezinto ezifana nabahlobisi kanye ne-metaclasses :
- Abahlobisi: Imisebenzi eshintsha ukuziphatha kweminye imisebenzi noma amakilasi. Ngokwesibonelo, ku I-Flask, abahlobisi basetshenziselwa ukuchaza imizila ye-HTTP.
- Ama-Metaclass: Ziyizinhlobo zezinhlobo. Balawula ukuthi amakilasi adalwa kanjani futhi banikeze ileveli eyengeziwe yokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukuziphatha kohlelo.
Ruby
I-Ruby: ulimi kanye ne-ecosystem Ngolunye lwezilimi lapho i-metaprogramming isetshenziswa khona kakhulu. Indlela yakhe eval Kuyisibonelo esicacile sendlela edala ngayo amakilasi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, reflectivity in Ruby ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole kalula izindlela nezakhiwo zento.
Izinzuzo ze-metaprogramming
Ukwamukela amasu e-metaprogramming kuletha izinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
- Ukunciphisa ikhodi ephindaphindayo: Imisebenzi eminingi ephindaphindwayo noma efanayo ingenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo okukhulu: Ivumela ukuxazulula izinkinga ngendlela evumelana nezimo futhi ejwayelekile.
- Ikhodi efundekayo eyengeziwe: I-Abstraction ithuthukisa ukuqonda nokufunda ikhodi.
Izinselele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha
Naphezu kwezinzuzo zako, i-metaprogramming inezinselele zayo. Eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:
- Ubunkimbinkimbi: Ikhodi ye-Metaprogramming ingaba nzima ukuyiqonda nokuyigcina.
- Umthelela ekusebenzeni: Ukukhiqiza nokulungisa ikhodi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kunganciphisa uhlelo lwakho.
I-Metaprogramming iyithuluzi elinamandla okuthi, uma lisetshenziswe kahle, lingaguqula indlela esithuthukisa ngayo futhi sigcine isofthiwe. Ngokuqonda okuyisisekelo, imikhawulo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukusizakala ngezinzuzo zayo ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ikhwalithi yekhodi nokusimama.
