- I-terminal iyi-interface eyinhloko yokulawula i-Linux nokusebenzisa imiyalo ephatha amafayela, izinqubo, kanye namanethiwekhi.
- Imiyalo eyisisekelo ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole futhi ulawule amafayela nezimvume (ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, chmod) ngaphandle kwesidingo se-GUI.
- Amathuluzi okuphatha isofthiwe kanye nokuvuselela ayahlukahluka ngokusabalalisa: i-apt kanye ne-yum yokufaka nokugcina amaphakheji.
- Ukuqapha nokuxhumana: top, df, ifconfig/ssh kuvumela ukuqapha izinsiza, inethiwekhi kanye nokufinyelela izinhlelo ezikude zokuxilonga.
Siyakwamukela, abathanda i-Linux! Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola imiyalo eyisisekelo ku-Linux futhi sithole ukuthi singalusebenzisa kanjani kahle uhlelo lokusebenza lomthombo ovulekile oludume kakhulu emhlabeni. Uma umusha ku-Linux noma ufuna nje ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho, usufike endaweni efanele. Lapha uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele ozokusiza ukuthi uqonde futhi usebenzise kahle imiyalo eyisisekelo ye-Linux.
Imiyalo Eyisisekelo ye-Linux: Yini Odinga Ukukwazi?
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene emiyalweni, kubalulekile ukuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-Linux. I-Linux iwuhlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-UNIX olubonakala ngokuzinza, ukuphepha nokuvumelana nezimo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi kumaseva, amadivaysi eselula kanye nezinhlelo ezishumekiwe. Manje, ake sihlole imiyalo eyisisekelo ezokusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ku-Linux!
Imiyalo eyisisekelo ku-Linux: Itheminali njengozakwethu ongcono kakhulu
Itheminali yeLinux iyithuluzi elinamandla elikuvumela ukuthi uxhumane ngqo nohlelo lokusebenza. Lapha yilapho uzofaka khona imiyalo yokwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ungafinyelela esiphethweni usebenzisa inhlanganisela yokhiye “Ctrl + Alt + T” ekusatshalalisweni okuningi kweLinux.
Manje, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ake sibheke eminye yemiyalo eyisisekelo esetshenziswa kakhulu ku-Linux:
1. Umyalo ls: Iphequlula okuqukethwe kohla lwemibhalo
Umyalo ls ungomunye wemiyalo yokuqala okufanele uyazi. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke okuqukethwe kohla lwemibhalo. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukubona okuqukethwe yinkomba yamanje, mane uthayiphe ls bese ucindezela u-Enter. Ungaphinda ucacise indlela yokubuka okuqukethwe kohla lwemibhalo oluthile, isibonelo, ls /ruta/directorio.
Umyalo cd ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule izinkomba. Uma ufuna ukufinyelela uhla lwemibhalo oluthile, mane uthayiphe cd nombre_del_directorio bese ucindezela u-Enter. Isibonelo, ukuze ufinyelele uhla lwemibhalo olubizwa ngokuthi "amadokhumenti", thayipha cd documentos. Ungasebenzisa cd .. ukuze ubuyele emuva ileveli eyodwa ohlwini lwemibhalo.
3. Umyalo mkdir: Ukudala uhla lwemibhalo olusha
Uma udinga ukudala uhla lwemibhalo olusha, umyalo mkdir ungumngane wakho omkhulu. Bhala nje mkdir nombre_del_directorio futhi uhla lwemibhalo olusha luzokwakhiwa kuhla lwemibhalo lwamanje. Ungacacisa indlela uma ufuna ukwakha uhla lwemibhalo endaweni ethile.
4. Umyalo touch: Ukudala amafayela angenalutho
Umyalo touch ikuvumela ukuthi udale amafayela angenalutho. Uma udinga ukudala ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi "file.txt", mane uthayiphe touch archivo.txt futhi ifayela elingenalutho lizokwakhiwa kuhla lwemibhalo lwamanje. Lo myalo usetshenziselwa ukubuyekeza idethi yokufinyelela nokulungiswa kwefayela elikhona.
5. Umyalo rm: Isusa amafayela nezinkomba
Umyalo rm isetshenziselwa ukususa amafayela nezinkomba. Qaphela lapho usebenzisa lo myalo, njengoba amafayela asusiwe nezinkomba azikwazi ukutholwa kalula. Ukuze ususe ifayela, thayipha rm nombre_del_archivo. Uma ufuna ukususa uhla lwemibhalo nokuqukethwe kwalo, sebenzisa rm -r nombre_del_directorio.
6. Umyalo cp: Ikopisha amafayela nezinkomba
Umyalo cp ikuvumela ukuthi ukopishe amafayela nezinkomba. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukukopisha ifayela elinegama elithi “file.txt” kumkhombandlela “wamadokhumenti”, thayipha cp archivo.txt documentos. Ungacacisa izindlela ezigcwele zokukopisha amafayela nezinkomba phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene.
7. Umyalo mv: Ukuhambisa nokuqamba kabusha amafayela
Umyalo mv Isetshenziselwa ukunyakaza futhi qamba kabusha amafayela kanye nezinkomba. Uma ufuna ukuhambisa ifayela elinegama elithi “file.txt” kuhla lwemibhalo “lamadokhumenti”, thayipha mv archivo.txt documentos. Ukuze uqambe kabusha ifayela, vele unikeze igama elisha ngemva komyalo mv.
8. Umyalo cat: Ukubuka okuqukethwe kwefayela
Uma udinga ukubona okuqukethwe kwefayela kutheminali, umyalo cat yilokho okudingayo. Bhala nje cat nombre_del_archivo futhi okuqukethwe kwefayela kuzovezwa kokuphumayo kwetheminali. Ungasebenzisa cat kanye neminye imiyalo yokuqondisa kabusha okukhiphayo nokwenza imisebenzi ethuthuke kakhulu.
9. Umyalo grep: Isesha amaphethini kumafayela
Umyalo grep ikuvumela ukuthi useshe amaphethini athile ngaphakathi kwamafayela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ufuna ukusesha igama elithi “Linux” efayeleni elibizwa ngokuthi “text.txt,” thayipha grep "Linux" texto.txt. Lo myalo uwusizo kakhulu ekusesheni ulwazi ngaphakathi kwamafayela amakhulu.
10. Umyalo man: Ukungena ekhasini lendoda
Umyalo man ungumngani wakho omkhulu uma udinga ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana neminye imiyalo. Bhala nje man nombre_del_comando futhi ikhasi lomuntu elihambisanayo lizovuleka. Lapha uzothola incazelo eningiliziwe yomyalo, izinketho zawo kanye nezibonelo zokusebenzisa.
11. Umyalo chmod: Ukushintsha ifayela nezimvume zohla lwemibhalo
Umyalo chmod isetshenziselwa ukushintsha izimvume zamafayela nezinkomba ku-Linux. Izimvume zinquma ukuthi ubani ongakwazi ukufunda, ukubhala, nokusebenzisa amafayela. Ungasebenzisa chmod kanye namakhodi ezinombolo ahlukahlukene nezimpawu zokunikeza izimvume ezithile kubasebenzisi, amaqembu, nabanye.
12. Umyalo sudo: Imiyalo esebenzayo njengomsebenzisi omkhulu
Ku-Linux, umsebenzisi wempande unamalungelo akhethekile amvumela ukuthi enze imisebenzi yokuphatha. Umyalo sudo ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imiyalo njengomsebenzisi omkhulu okwesikhashana. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukufaka uhlelo oludinga amalungelo omsebenzisi omkhulu, thayipha sudo comando futhi uzocelwa iphasiwedi yakho yomsebenzisi.
13. Umyalo apt-get: Ukuphatha amaphakheji ngokusabalalisa okusekelwe ku-Debian
Uma usebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Debian, njengokuthi Ubuntu, umyalo apt-get izokusiza ukuphatha amaphakheji wesistimu. Ungasebenzisa apt-get ukufaka, ukuvuselela, nokukhipha amaphakheji esofthiwe. Isibonelo, ukufaka iphakheji "package_name", thayipha sudo apt-get install nombre_paquete.
14. Umyalo yum: Ukuphatha amaphakheji ngokusabalalisa okusekelwe ku-Red Hat
Uma usebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe kwe-Red Hat, njenge-CentOS noma Fedora, umyalo yum iyithuluzi lakho lokuphatha amaphakheji. Njengoba nje apt-get, yum ikuvumela ukuthi ufake, ubuyekeze futhi ususe amaphakheji esofthiwe. Isibonelo, ukufaka iphakheji "package_name", thayipha sudo yum install nombre_paquete.
15. Umyalo ping: Ihlola uxhumo lenethiwekhi
Umyalo ping Isetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi kumsingathi othile. Bhala nje ping dirección_ip_o_nombre_de_host futhi amaphakethe azothunyelwa kumsingathi ukuze kulinganiswe isikhathi sokuphendula. Lo myalo uwusizo ekuhlonzeni izinkinga zenethiwekhi nasekuhloleni ukuthi ingabe umsingathi wesilawuli kude uyafinyeleleka yini.
16. Umyalo ifconfig: Ilungiselela ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi
Umyalo ifconfig ikuvumela ukuthi ulungiselele futhi ubonise ulwazi mayelana nezixhumi zenethiwekhi kusistimu yakho. Ungasebenzisa lo myalo ukubuka amakheli e-IP owabelwe, uvule noma ukhubaze ukuxhumana, futhi wenze eminye imisebenzi ehlobene nenethiwekhi. Isibonelo, ukuze ubonise ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke izixhumi ezibonakalayo zenethiwekhi, thayipha ifconfig.
17. Umyalo ssh: Ukufinyelela kumasistimu akude ngokuphephile
Uma udinga ukufinyelela kumasistimu akude ngokuphephile, umyalo ssh yisixazululo sakho. ssh ikuvumela ukuthi ungene ngemvume ukude kusistimu futhi wenze imiyalo njengokungathi ukhona ngokoqobo. Isibonelo, ukuxhuma kusistimu ekude enekheli le-IP "192.168.0.1", thayipha ssh [email protected] futhi unikeze iphasiwedi uma ucelwa.
18. Umyalo top: Izinqubo zesistimu yokuqapha
Umyalo top ibonisa uhlu lwesikhathi sangempela lwezinqubo ezisebenzayo kusistimu yakho. Ungabona ulwazi olufana ne-CPU, inkumbulo, nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwensiza ngenqubo ngayinye. Lo myalo uwusizo ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwesistimu kanye nokuhlonza izinkinga ezihlobene nenqubo.
19. Umyalo history: Ukubuka umlando womyalo
Uma udinga ukukhumbula umyalo owusebenzisile ngaphambilini, umyalo history ungumsindisi wakho. Bhala nje history futhi uhlu lwemiyalo oyisebenzisile kutheminali luzovezwa. Ungasebenzisa inombolo yomyalo ebonisiwe ukuze uyiqalise futhi.
20. Umyalo find: Isesha amafayela nezinkomba
Umyalo find ikuvumela ukuthi useshe amafayela nezinkomba kusistimu yakho ngokusekelwe kumibandela eyahlukene. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuthola wonke amafayela anesandiso esithi ".txt" kuhla lwemibhalo lwamanje nasezindaweni ezingaphansi zalo, thayipha find . -name "*.txt". Lo myalo uwusizo lapho udinga ukuthola amafayela athile esakhiweni semibhalo eyinkimbinkimbi.
21. Umyalo tar: Ukucindezela nokunciphisa amafayela
Umyalo tar isetshenziselwa ukucindezela kanye nokunciphisa amafayela nezinkomba ku-Linux. Ungakha amafayela acindezelwe usebenzisa ifomethi ethi “tar.gz” noma “tar.bz2”. Isibonelo, ukucindezela uhla lwemibhalo olubizwa ngokuthi "amadokhumenti" lube yifayela elithi "documents.tar.gz", uhlobo tar -czvf documentos.tar.gz documentos.
22. Umyalo grep: Ukuhlunga nokuguqula umbhalo
Umyalo grep Akusetshenziswanga kuphela ukusesha amaphethini kumafayela, kodwa futhi ukuhlunga kanye nokukhohlisa umbhalo ngokujwayelekile. Ungasebenzisa grep kanye neminye imiyalo, njenge cat y echo, ukwenza imisebenzi ethuthuke kakhulu kumafayela ombhalo. Isibonelo, ukubonisa kuphela imigqa equkethe igama elithi "Linux" efayeleni eliqanjwe "text.txt", thayipha grep "Linux" texto.txt.
23. Umyalo wget: Ilanda amafayela kuwebhu
Umyalo wget ikuvumela ukuthi ulande amafayela namakhasi ewebhu kusuka ku- Umugqa womyalo. Ungasebenzisa lo myalo ukulanda amafayela ngamanye noma wonke amawebhusayithi. Isibonelo, ukuze ulande ifayela elibizwa ngokuthi "file.zip" ku-URL ethile, thayipha wget url_del_archivo.
24. Umyalo shutdown: Ukuvala noma ukuqala kabusha uhlelo
Uma udinga ukuvala noma uqalise kabusha isistimu yakho ye-Linux kusuka kutheminali, umyalo shutdown yilokho okudingayo. Ungacacisa isikhathi sokulinda ngaphambi kokwenziwa kwesenzo futhi uthumele umlayezo kwabanye abasebenzisi ngaphambi kokuvala shaqa noma ukuqala kabusha isistimu. Isibonelo, ukuze uqalise kabusha uhlelo ngokushesha, thayipha sudo shutdown -r now.
25. Umyalo df: Ibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala sediski
Umyalo df ibonisa ulwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesikhala sediski kusistimu yakho. Ungabona ingqikithi yesikhala, isikhala esisetshenzisiwe, nesikhala esitholakalayo ngasinye uhlelo lwefayela ifakwe kusistimu yakho. Lo myalo uwusizo ekuhloleni isikhala sediski nokuhlonza izinhlelo zamafayela eziseduze nomthamo wazo omkhulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngemiyalo Eyisisekelo ku-Linux
Nayi eminye imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nemiyalo eyisisekelo ku-Linux, kanye nezimpendulo zayo ezimfushane:
1. Yimiphi imiyalo eyisisekelo ebaluleke kakhulu ku-Linux?
Eminye yemiyalo eyisisekelo ebaluleke kakhulu ku-Linux ifaka ls, cd, mkdir, rm, cp, mv, cat, grep, man, chmod y sudo. Le miyalo ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole futhi ulawule amafayela nezinkomba, futhi wenze imisebenzi yokuphatha ohlelweni.
2. Ngingalutholaphi ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemiyalo ku-Linux?
Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nemiyalo ku-Linux ekhasini lendoda lomyalo ngamunye. Vele usebenzise umyalo man kulandelwa igama lomyalo ukuze ufinyelele imibhalo enemininingwane. Ukwengeza, kunezinsiza eziningi eziku-inthanethi nezincwadi ku-Linux ezimboza imiyalo nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
3. Uyini umehluko phakathi apt-get y yum?
apt-get y yum bangabaphathi bephakheji abasetshenziswa ekusabalaliseni okuhlukene kwe-Linux. apt-get isetshenziswa ekusabalazweni okusekelwe ku-Debian njengo-Ubuntu, ngenkathi yum Isetshenziswa ekusakazweni okususelwa ku-Red Hat okufana ne-CentOS ne-Fedora. Yomibili imiyalo ikuvumela ukuthi ufake, ubuyekeze, futhi ususe amaphakheji esofthiwe kusistimu.
4. Ngingawusebenzisa kanjani umyalo njengomsebenzisi omkhulu ku-Linux?
Ungasebenzisa umyalo njengomsebenzisi omkhulu ku-Linux usebenzisa umyalo sudo. Kalula nje sudo ngaphambi komyalo ofuna ukuwusebenzisa futhi unikeze igama-mfihlo lomsebenzisi wakho uma ucelwa. Lokhu kuzokunikeza okwesikhashana amalungelo omsebenzisi ophezulu futhi kukuvumele ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yokuphatha ohlelweni.
5. Ngingasibheka kanjani isikhala sediski ku-Linux?
Ungahlola isikhala sediski ku-Linux usebenzisa umyalo df. Bhala nje df kutheminali futhi izobonisa uhlu lwezinhlelo zamafayela afakwe kusistimu yakho, kanye nolwazi mayelana nengqikithi, esetshenzisiwe, nesikhala esitholakalayo endaweni ngayinye. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala sediski futhi uthathe isinyathelo uma kunesidingo.
6. Ngingalicinga kanjani ifayela noma uhla lwemibhalo ku-Linux?
Ungasesha ifayela noma uhla lwemibhalo ku-Linux usebenzisa umyalo find. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukusesha isistimu yonke ukuze uthole ifayela elinegama elithi "file.txt", thayipha find / -name archivo.txt. Lokhu kuzosesha ifayela kuzo zonke izindawo ohlelweni futhi kukubonise indlela egcwele uma itholakele.
Isiphetho Semiyalo Eyisisekelo ku-Linux
Ngamafuphi, imiyalo eyisisekelo ku-Linux ibalulekile ukuze uzulazule futhi uphathe isistimu yokusebenza yomthombo ovulekile edume kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusukela ekuhloleni nasekuguquleni amafayela kuya ekulawuleni amaphakheji kanye nokuhlonza izinkinga zenethiwekhi, le miyalo ikunikeza ukulawula okuphelele kusistimu yakho ye-Linux.
Kulesi sihloko, sihlanganise imiyalo eminingi eyisisekelo, kusukela ls y cd up grep y shutdown. Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela ukunikeze isisekelo esiqinile sokuqala nge-Linux futhi ukugqugquzele ukuthi uyihlole kabanzi. IZIMPAWU zakhe kanye namathuba.
Khumbula, ukwazi kahle imiyalo eyisisekelo ye-Linux kumane nje kuyisiqalo sohambo lwakho oluya ezweni elithakazelisayo lesofthiwe yamahhala. Qhubeka ufunda, uzijwayeza, futhi uzama, futhi maduze uzoba uchwepheshe we-Linux . Jabulela ukuhlola futhi ujabulele inkululeko nokuguquguquka okunikezwa yi-Linux!