- Khetha uhlobo lweshadi olufanele ngokusekelwe kumlayezo wakho: amabha wokuqhathanisa, imigqa yamathrendi, namashadi ophaya ezingxenye zawo wonke.
- Lungiselela futhi uhlanze idatha yakho: amathebula anezihloko ezicacile, amafomethi angashintshi, namaqembu ahlakaniphile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nokufundeka.
- Enza ngendlela oyifisayo kancane: Sebenzisa imibala engaguquki, amalebula acacile, nezikali ezithembekile ukuze uxhumane ngokucacile ngaphandle kokugcwala okubonakalayo.
Ungashadi Kanjani ku-Excel: Izinyathelo Ezilula Zokubona Ngeso Lengqondo Idatha Yakho
Isingeniso samashadi ku-Excel
I-Excel isiyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kochwepheshe kuyo yonke imikhakha. Ikhono layo lokuphatha idatha enkulu laziwa kahle, kodwa bewazi ukuthi liphinde libe ithuluzi elinamandla lokudala ukubonwa okumangalisayo? Kulesi sihloko, ngizokuqondisa emhlabeni othakazelisayo wokushadi ku-Excel, ngiveze amasu azoguqula idatha yakho ibe yizindaba ezibukwayo ezihehayo.
Ikhono lokudala ihluzo eliphumelelayo ngeke lithuthukise izethulo zakho kuphela, kodwa futhi lizokusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluningi ngokusekelwe kudatha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlaziya amathrendi okuthengisa, uqhathanisa ukusebenza kwezimali, noma ufuna nje ukwenza idatha yakho iphile, ukuba ingcweti kobuciko bokugrafu ku-Excel kuyikhono okufanele lithuthukiswe.
Ungashadi kanjani ku-Excel: Okuyisisekelo
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene emininingwaneni emihle, kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo zokuthi ungashadi kanjani ku-Excel. Emgogodleni walo, ishadi liwukumelela okubonakalayo kwedatha kusipredishithi sakho. I-Excel inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamashadi, ngayinye yakhelwe ukuxhumana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi ngempumelelo.
Ukuze uqale ukwenza igrafu ku-Excel, udinga:
- Idatha ehleliwe: Idatha yakho kufanele ihlelwe ngamakholomu noma imigqa, ibe namalebula acacile.
- ukukhethwa kwedatha: Kumelwe ukhethe ububanzi bamaseli aqukethe idatha ofuna ukuyimelela.
- Faka ithebhu: Lapha uzothola zonke izinketho zehluzo ezitholakalayo.
- Uhlobo lweshadi: Khetha leyo emele kahle idatha yakho kanye nomlayezo ofuna ukuwudlulisa.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhetha kwakho uhlobo lweshadi kungenza noma kuphule isethulo sakho. Isibonelo, ishadi lebha lihle kakhulu ekuqhathaniseni izigaba, kuyilapho ishadi lomugqa lilungele ukubonisa amathrendi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinhlobo zamashadi ku-Excel nokuthi zisetshenziswa nini
I-Excel inikezela ngezinhlobo zamashadi ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlaba umxhwele, ngayinye inamandla ayo kanye nezimo ezifanele zokusebenzisa. Ukuqonda ukuthi usetshenziswa nini uhlobo ngalunye kubalulekile ekuxhumaneni nedatha yakho ngempumelelo. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu kanye nezicelo zazo.
- Ikholomu namashadi ebha:
- Sebenzisa: Qhathanisa amanani phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene.
- Isibonelo: Ukuthengiswa kwanyanga zonke kwemikhiqizo ehlukene.
- Amashadi omugqa:
- Sebenzisa: Bonisa amathrendi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Isibonelo: Ukushintshashintsha kwentengo yesitoko phakathi nonyaka.
- ophaya amashadi:
- Sebenzisa: Ukumela izingxenye zayo yonke.
- Isibonelo: Ukwabiwa kwesabelomali sokumaketha.
- hlakaza iziza:
- Ukusetshenziswa: Ukubonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kweziguquguquki ezimbili.
- Isibonelo: Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezindleko zokukhangisa nokuthengisa.
- Indawo Amashadi:
- Ukusetshenziswa: Ukugcizelela ubukhulu bezinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Isibonelo: Ukukhula okukhulayo kwabasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza.
- Amashadi erada:
- Ukusetshenziswa: Qhathanisa okuguquguqukayo okuningi kugrafu eyodwa.
- Isibonelo: Ukuhlolwa kwamakhono abasebenzi ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ukhiye wokukhetha uhlobo olulungile lweshadi ukuzibuza, "Iyiphi indaba engifuna ukuyixoxa ngale datha?" Uma usunempendulo ecacile, ukukhetha uhlobo lweshadi kuba lula kakhulu.
Ishadi Kanjani ku-Excel: Ilungiselela Idatha Yamashadi Asebenzayo
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ekutheni singashadi kanjani ku-Excel, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle idatha yethu. Ukulungiselela okuhle akwenzi nje kuphela inqubo yokudala ishadi ibe lula, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela wokugcina unembile futhi kulula ukuwuhumusha.
Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ulungiselele idatha yakho:
- Hlela idatha yakho kumathebula:
- Sebenzisa izihloko ezicacile ku ikholomu ngayinye.
- Qiniseka ukuthi umugqa ngamunye umele irekhodi eliyingqayizivele.
- Hlanza idatha yakho:
- Susa indawo emhlophe engadingekile.
- Lungisa amaphutha esipelingi nokufometha.
- Qiniseka ukuthi izinhlobo zedatha ziyahambisana (isibonelo, zonke izinsuku ngefomethi efanayo).
- Idatha yeqembu uma kunesidingo:
- Uma unedatha eningi, cabanga ukuyihlanganisa ngezigaba ezibanzi ukuze wenze ishadi lifundeke kakhulu.
- Bala amanani noma ama-avareji:
- Kuye ngokuhlaziywa kwakho, ungase udinge ukubala izibalo noma ama-avareji ngaphambi kokuthatha igrafu.
- Hlunga idatha:
- Kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlunga idatha kusuka kwenkulu kuye kwencane kakhulu (noma okuphambene nalokho) kungenza ishadi eliwumphumela libe nolwazi oluthe xaxa.
Khumbula, isethi yedatha ehlelwe kahle iyisisekelo segrafu esebenzayo. Thatha isikhathi sakho kulesi sigaba; Izokusindisa ubuhlungu bekhanda kamuva futhi iphumele ekubonweni okunomthelela omkhulu.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: Ukudala Ishadi Lakho Lokuqala ku-Excel
Manje njengoba idatha yakho isilungile, ake singene enqubweni yokuthi ungashadi kanjani ku-Excel. Sizolandela isibonelo esisebenzayo ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi ngokushesha.
Ake sithi sinedatha yokuthengisa yanyanga zonke yemikhiqizo emithathu ehlukene futhi sifuna ukwakha ishadi lekholomu ukuze siyiqhathanise.
- Khetha idatha yakho:
- Chofoza bese uhudula ukuze ukhethe wonke amaseli aqukethe idatha yakho, okuhlanganisa ikholomu nezihloko zerowu.
- Faka ishadi:
- Iya kuthebhu ethi "Faka" kuribhoni.
- Eqenjini lamashadi, khetha Ikholomu bese ukhetha uhlobo oluncane olukhethayo (ngokwesibonelo, amakholomu ahlanganisiwe).
- Hlola igrafu ekhiqiziwe:
- I-Excel izodala ishadi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokusekelwe kudatha oyikhethile.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi idatha imelwe ngendlela efanele.
- Lungisa isakhiwo nesitayela:
- Sebenzisa amathebhu "Design" kanye "Fometha" avela lapho ukhetha ishadi ukuze wenze ngokwezifiso ukubonakala kwalo.
- Engeza isihloko eshadini:
- Chofoza kabili “Isihloko Seshadi” bese uthayipha isihloko esichazayo.
- Lebula izimbazo:
- Qiniseka ukuthi izimbazo zika-X kanye no-Y zilebulwe ngendlela efanele ukuze zitolike kalula.
- Engeza igama-ncazo uma kudingeka:
- Uma ishadi lakho libonisa uchungechunge lwedatha eminingi, qiniseka ukuthi inganekwane icacile futhi ibekwe kahle.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, uzobe udale ishadi lakho lokuqala ku-Excel. Khumbula, ukuzijwayeza kwenza kuphelele. Uma uzama kakhulu ngezinhlobo zedatha namashadi ahlukene, yilapho uzokhululeka kakhulu ngenqubo.
Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo nokufometha ihluzo ukuze uthole umthelela omkhulu wokubonwayo
Uma usudale ishadi lakho eliyisisekelo, isinyathelo esilandelayo sendlela yokushadi ku-Excel ukulenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze kwandiswe umthelela walo obonakalayo nokucaca. Umfanekiso oklanywe kahle awugcini nje ngokujabulisa iso, kodwa futhi udlulisela ulwazi ngokuphumelelayo.
Nazi ezinye izindlela eziyinhloko zokwenza kube ngokwakho:
- Uhlelo lombala:
- Khetha imibala ehambisana nomkhiqizo wakho noma enengqondo ngedatha yakho.
- Sebenzisa ukuqhathanisa ukuze ugqamise ulwazi olubalulekile.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa imibala eminingi kakhulu, engaphazamisa umlayezo oyinhloko.
- Amafonti nosayizi bombhalo:
- Qiniseka ukuthi wonke amalebula nezihloko ziyafundeka.
- Sebenzisa amafonti angaguquki kuwo wonke umfanekiso.
- Lungisa usayizi wombhalo ukuze udale ukulandelana okubonakalayo.
- Izitayela zomugqa nomaka:
- Kumashadi omugqa, hlola ngezitayela zomugqa ezihlukene (eziqinile, ezinamachashazi, njll.) kanye nezimaka ukuze uhlukanise uchungechunge lwedatha.
- Izimbazo namagridi:
- Lungisa izikali ze-eksisi ukuze zimelele idatha yakho ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Engeza noma susa imigqa yegridi njengoba kudingeka ukuze uthuthukise ukufundeka.
- Amalebula edatha:
- Engeza amalebula edatha lapho ewusizo khona, kodwa gwema imfuhlumfuhlu.
- Fometha amalebula (isibonelo, ngokwengeza amaphesenti noma izimpawu zemali) ukuze kucace.
- Imiphumela ye-3D:
- Sebenzisa imiphumela ye-3D kancane; Angase athandeke, kodwa angaphinde ahlanekezele umbono wedatha.
- Izinto zokuhlobisa:
- Engeza izici ezifana nemicibisholo noma umumo ukuze ugqamise amaphuzu ayinhloko, kodwa ungawasebenzisi ngokweqile.
Khumbula, inhloso yokwenza kube ngokwakho ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwedatha yakho, hhayi ukuphazamisa kuyo. Gcina ibhalansi phakathi kobuhle nokusebenza.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe ngamashadi ashukumisayo
Uma usuwazi kahle izisekelo zokuthi ungashadi kanjani ku-Excel, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola ithuluzi elithuthuke kakhulu: Amashadi e-Pivot. Lawa mashadi, axhunywe kumathebula e-pivot, anikeza ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo kokuhlaziya amasethi edatha amakhulu ukusuka kuma-engeli amaningi.
Ukuze udale ishadi le-pivot:
- Dala ithebula le-pivot:
- Khetha idatha yakho bese uya kokuthi “Faka"> “PivotTable.”
- Hlela izinkambu zibe imigqa, amakholomu, namanani ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwakho.
- Faka ishadi eliguqukayo:
- Nge-PivotTable ekhethiwe, iya kokuthi “Faka” > “PivotChart.”
- Khetha uhlobo lwegrafu elumelela kahle idatha yakho.
- Yenza ishadi lakho ngendlela oyifisayo:
- Sebenzisa izinkambu zethebula le-pivot ukuze uhlunge futhi uhlele kabusha idatha ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Linga ngokuboniswa okuhlukile ngokushintsha uhlobo lweshadi.
Amashadi e-Pivot awusizo ikakhulukazi kulokhu:
- Hlaziya amathrendi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
- Qhathanisa ukusebenza ezigabeni ezahlukene
- Thola amaphethini nokudidayo kumasethi amakhulu wedatha
Ngokuzijwayeza, amashadi e-pivot azoba ithuluzi elibalulekile kunqolobane yakho yokuhlaziya idatha.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho udweba ku-Excel nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani
Ngisho nabasebenzisi abanolwazi bangenza amaphutha lapho bedala amashadi ku-Excel . Ukwazi la maphutha avamile nokuthi ungawagwema kanjani kuzokusiza ukuthi udale ukubonakala okunembile nokuphumelelayo.
- Ukukhetha okungalungile kohlobo lweshadi:
- Iphutha: Ukusebenzisa ishadi likaphayi ukuqhathanisa izigaba ezingaphezu kwezi-5-7.
- Isixazululo: Khetha ibha yeshadi ukuze uqhathanise izigaba eziningi.
- Izikali ezidukisayo:
- Isiphazamisi: Ukungaqali i-eksisi ka-Y kuziro, okungase kukhulise umehluko.
- Isixazululo: Qala izimbazo zakho ku-zero ngaphandle uma kunesizathu esithile sokungakwenzi lokho.
- ukugcwala kolwazi:
- Iphutha: Kufaka idatha eningi kakhulu noma izici zokuhlobisa eshadini elilodwa.
- Isixazululo: Yenza lula. Uma kunesidingo, hlukanisa ulwazi ube amashadi amaningi.
- Ukuntula umongo:
- Iphutha: Ukunganikeli ngolwazi olwanele ukuze kuchazwe igrafu.
- Isixazululo: Faka izihloko ezicacile, amalebula e-eksisi, nezinganekwane lapho kudingeka khona.
- Ukusetshenziswa kombala okungafanele:
- Iphutha: Ukusebenzisa imibala engafani noma okunzima ukuyihlukanisa.
- Isixazululo: Khetha iphalethi yombala engashintshi bese ucabangela ukufinyeleleka kwe-colorblind.
- Ziba ifomethi yedatha:
- Iphutha: Ayilungisi ifomethi yezinombolo (isb. amaphesenti, uhlobo lwemali).
- Isixazululo: Qiniseka ukuthi ifomethi yedatha eshadini iyafana futhi ifanelekile.
Ngokugwema lawa maphutha avamile, amashadi akho azonemba kakhudlwana futhi aphumelele ekudluliseleni idatha yakho.
Imikhuba engcono kakhulu yokwethula amashadi
Sithole indlela yokwenza igrafu ku-Excel. Ukudala isithombe esiphumelelayo kuyingxenye yempi; Ukuyethula ngendlela enomthelela kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Nazi ezinye izinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amashadi akho akhanya kunoma iyiphi iphrezentheshini.
- Kugcine kulula:
- Susa noma yiziphi izici ezingafaki isandla ngokuqondile ekuqondeni idatha.
- Sebenzisa isikhala esimhlophe ukuze unikeze ishadi lakho “igumbi lokuphefumula” elithile.