Ubunjiniyela bokukhiqiza obungeziwe: ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza

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La ubunjiniyela bokukhiqiza obungeziwe isibe ngesinye sezikhombisi ezinkulu zoshintsho ku- ubuchwepheshe emboniniLokho eminyakeni embalwa edlule okwakubhekwa njengokuphrinta okulula kwe-3D kwama-prototypes, namuhla kusethelwe ubuchwepheshe obukwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezisebenzayo, izingxenye zensimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso emikhakheni enzima njengezindiza, ezokwelapha noma yezimoto.

Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukuqonda Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe ezikhona, yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezayo, futhi kuziphi izimo lapho kuzuzisa khona ukusebenzisa ngayinye?Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe, uhlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokuqeqesha zaseyunivesithi kanye nezabafundi abaphothule iziqu nalo luyakhula, kanye nemigqa yocwaningo oluhlose ukuhlanganisa lezi zixazululo ku- ifektri yedijithali, zenze izinqubo ngokuzenzakalela futhi zithuthukise umkhiqizo ophelele wezitshalo zezimboni.

Kuyini ukukhiqiza okungeziwe futhi kungani kubalulekile kubunjiniyela?

Uma sikhuluma ngokukhiqizwa kwezengezo, sibhekisela kusethi ye izinqubo zobuchwepheshe lokho Bakha izingxenye ngokungeza ungqimba ngengqimba kusukela kumklamo we-CAD noma Ukuskena okungu-3dNgokungafani nezindlela zokususa (njengomshini wokugaya, oqala ebhulokini bese ususa izinto), lapha ivolumu ikhiqizwa kuphela lapho kudingeka khona, ivula umnyango wejiyometri eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinto.

Zonke ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D zihlanganyela lowo mgomo dala izinto ezinobukhulu obuthathu ngokukhipha, ukubeka, noma ungqimba lokuqinisa ngesendlaleloKodwa indlela abakufeza ngayo ihluke kakhulu: bashintsha izinto (amapulasitiki, ama-resin, izinsimbi, izimpushana ze-ceramic), umthombo wamandla (i-laser, i-electron beam, ukukhanya okuveziwe) kanye nokusebenza kokugcina (ukumelana nomshini, ukunemba, izindleko, isivinini, njll.).

Ngakho-ke, kwezobunjiniyela, asikhulumi nje kuphela "ngokuphrinta kwe-3D" ngendlela ejwayelekile, kodwa futhi izinqubo ezithile zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe (bheka izinqubo zobuchwephesheLezi zinketho zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza, izidingo zekhwalithi, kanye nesabelomali. Ukuphrinta i-prototype ebonakalayo eshibhile akufani nokuphrinta ingxenye yenjini ebhekene nokushisa okuphezulu noma i-implant yezokwelapha eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.

Izinkampani ezitshala imali kulobu buchwepheshe zivame ukubuhlanganisa umklamo othuthukisiwe, izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisebenzayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha ukukhiqizaukuze iphrinta ye-3D ingabi yinto ehlukanisiwe, kodwa kube yinto eyodwa eyengeziwe efektri exhunyiwe neyedijithali.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza okungeziwe embonini

Emvelweni yezimboni kunezinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe, kodwa ezinye ziye zathola ukubaluleka okukhethekile ngenxa yazo ukuvuthwa kobuchwepheshe, ukuzinza kwemiphumela, kanye nokutholakala kwezinto zokwakhaPhakathi kwazo kukhona ukumodela kwe-fused deposition, i-sterolithography, izinhlobo ze-laser sintering kanye ne-melting, ubuchwepheshe bokukhanya obubonisiwe, kanye nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokusebenza ngezinsimbi; eziningi zalezi zixazululo nazo zivela ohlwini lwe- ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo ezifanele embonini.

Izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zokukhiqiza izithasiselo zichazwe kabanzi ngezansi. Izinzuzo zayo, imikhawulo, kanye namacala okusetshenziswa okuvamileukuhlanganisa izinqubo ezigxile ku-polymer kanye nezinqubo ezikhethekile zensimbi.

Imodeli yokufaka ehlanganisiwe (i-FDM / FFF)

Imodeli yokufakwa kwe-Fused, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-FDM noma i-FFF, cishe iyimodeli yokufakwa kwe-Fused Deposition. ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D obusakazeke kakhuluKule nqubo, iphrinta ifaka i-filament ye-thermoplastic encibilikisiwe nge-nozzle eshisayo, ungqimba nongqimba, epulatifomu yokwakha. Izinto ziqina ngokushesha, zakha into yokugcina ezindleleni ezichazwe kufayela lokuphrinta.

Le ndlela ivumela ukukhiqiza Izingxenye eziqinile futhi ezilula, ezinokuqina okuhle kanye nokubekezelela ukushisaikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ama-polymer obunjiniyela. Izindleko zemishini nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukuba zifanelekile, okuchaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi kuma-SME kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu ukuze kwenziwe ama-prototyping, amathuluzi, amathempulethi, izisekelo, kanye nokukhiqiza okufushane.

Noma kunjalo, izingxenye ezikhiqizwe kusetshenziswa i-FDM zingase zibonise ukuziphatha kwe-anisotropicAmandla awafani kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, njengoba indawo yokuhlangana kwezingqimba ivame ukuba yindawo ebuthakathaka kakhulu. Lokhu kudinga ukuqondiswa ngokucophelela kwengxenye kanye nokukhethwa kwamapharamitha okuphrinta lapho kudingeka ukusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini.

I-Estereolitographía (SLA)

I-Stereolithography ingenye yezinqubo zokuqala ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe futhi isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe- ama-resin e-liquid azwela ukukhanya aphulukiswa ukukhanya kwe-ultravioletIphrinta efakwe i-UV laser noma umthombo wokukhanya ofanayo iqinisa ungqimba lwe-resin ngesendlalelo, ilandela izingxenye zemodeli ye-3D, ngaleyo ndlela yakha ingxenye kusukela phansi kuya phezulu.

Amandla ayo amakhulu kakhulu ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu okuyinto enikezayo, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-prototypes anezinga elimangalisayo lemininingwane, ama-mock-up omkhiqizo, ama-mold ayinhloko noma amamodeli emikhakheni efana nobucwebe, udokotela wamazinyo noma umklamo wezimboni.

Lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza okungeziwe lubaluleke kakhulu uma udinga ukusheshisa ukudalwa kwama-prototypes anencazelo ephezulu emahoreni ambalwa njengokubekezelelana okuqinile kanye nokuqedwa okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ama-resin asetshenziswayo avame ukunikeza izakhiwo ezilinganiselwe kakhulu zemishini nezokushisa kunezinye ipulasitiki, futhi izingxenye ezinkulu zingaba sengozini yokuguquguquka noma ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi uma inqubo ingalawulwa kahle.

Ukuhlanza nge-laser okukhethayo (i-SLS)

Ukuhlanza nge-laser okukhethayo kusebenzisa umbhede we-powder (ngokuvamile ama-polymers afana ne-PA12 nezinye izinto zobunjiniyela) lapho i-laser isetshenziswa khona ngokukhetha ukuhlanza noma ukuhlanganisa izinhlayiya zezinto ngokulandela i-geometry yesendlalelo ngasinye. Uma isendlalelo sesiqediwe, ungqimba olusha lwempuphu luyasakazwa bese inqubo iphindwa kuze kube yilapho ingxenye isiqediwe.

Lobu buchwepheshe buvelele ngekhono labo lokukhiqiza Izingxenye eziqinile nezisebenzayo ezinokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwemishini futhi azidingi izakhiwo zokusekelangoba i-powder engaxutshwe nayo ngokwayo isekela ingxenye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuvumela ukudalwa kwamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, anezimbobo zangaphakathi, amahinji ahlanganisiwe, kanye nezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe, konke kube yinto eyodwa.

Izibonelo ezijwayelekile ezikhiqizwe nge-SLS zifaka phakathi amahinji aguquguqukayo, izingxenye ezihambayo, ama-gasket, izindlu eziqinile kanye nezingxenye ezilingana kahlekanye nezinhlangano ezingahlanganiswa ngqo kusuka embhedeni wokuphrinta. Izakhiwo zivame ukuba yi-isotropic impela, okusho ukuthi ziyafana ngemigqa ehlukene, okuthuthukisa ukuziphatha komshini jikelele.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imishini ye-SLS ihilela ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu, izindleko ezinkulu zokulungisa, kanye nesidingo sabasebenzi abakhethekile ukulungiselela, ukusebenzisa, nokuhlanza imishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kothuli, ukuphepha, kanye nokucubungula ngemva kokudinga izindawo ezifanele.

Ukuncibilikisa i-laser ekhethiwe (i-SLM) kanye ne-sintering ye-laser yensimbi eqondile (i-DMLS)

Uma usebenza ngezinsimbi, enye yezinqubo ezibalulekile ukuthungwa kwe-laser ngqo, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuncibilika kwe-laser ekhethiwe. Womabili la magama avame ukusetshenziswa ukuchaza izinqubo lapho I-laser enamandla amakhulu incibilikisa ngokuphelele i-metallic powder enhle kakhulu. (i-titanium, i-aluminium, izinsimbi, ama-superalloy, njll.) endaweni yokubeka i-powder.

Ileya ngeleya, i-laser iskena amaphuzu achazwe umklamo, ukuncibilikisa nokuqinisa insimbi ukwakha ama-prototype asebenzayo kanye nezingxenye zokugcina ezinezakhiwo zemishini eziseduze kakhulu nezezingxenye ezikhiqizwe ngezindlela ezivamile. Umphumela uba izingxenye eziminyene, eziqondile, neziphindaphindwayo, uma nje inqubo ilungiselelwe kahle.

Lobu buchwepheshe bulungele ukukhiqiza amajiyometri angenakwenzeka ukutholakala ngezinqubo zendabukonjengeziteshi zokupholisa zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izakhiwo ze-lattice ezilula, noma imiklamo ye-bionic eyenziwe kahle ngokwe-topologically. Iphinde ibaluleke kakhulu ekudaleni ama-prototypes ensimbi asebenzayo, izingxenye ezinezidingo ezithile zemishini nezokushisa, kanye namamodeli okuqinisekisa imiklamo ye-3D ezindaweni zangempela.

Izimboni ezifana nezindiza, ezokwelapha (izandla ze-bionic ezinobuhlakani bokwenziwa) Imboni yezimoto iyawazisa kakhulu la makhono, njengoba inhlanganisela yokukhanya, amandla kanye nenkululeko yokuklama Ifanelana kahle nezidingo zabo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-DMLS/SLM idinga imishini ebiza kakhulu, opharetha abanolwazi, ukuphathwa kothuli okuqinile, kanye nokusekela imishini evame ukusekela njengemishini yokugaya ngogesi (EDM) kanye nezinhlelo zokwelapha ukushisa.

Ukubopha i-Binder

Ukubumba umjovo we-binder kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza eyengeziwe lapho izinto eziyisisekelo zethulwa khona ngesimo impuphu ecolekile esatshalaliswa phezu kwesendlalelo sombhede wokuphrinta ngesendlaleloNgemva kokuba ungqimba ngalunye lwempuphu selufakiwe, ikhanda elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lokuphrinta lifaka i-liquid binder ezindaweni lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona i-geometry, ukuze izinhlayiya zihlangane ndawonye futhi ziveze ingxenye "eluhlaza".

Lobu buchwepheshe buvelele ngenxa yalo isivinini esikhulu kanye nokunemba okuhle kobukhuluNjengoba ama-printhead angabeka i-binder ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni eziningi, kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwezingcezu eziningi noma ngisho namakhulu ebhetshini elilodwa. Izindleko ngengcezu ngayinye zivame ukuncintisana, okwenza ikhange ekukhiqizweni okulandelanayo.

Kodwa-ke, izingxenye ezitholwe ngomjovo we-binder zivame ukuboniswa amandla aphansi emishini kunalawo afinyelelwa ngezinye izinqubo ze-metallurgical njenge-DMLS noma i-EBM, ikakhulukazi uma izigaba ezifanele ezilandelayo zokusinta noma zokungena zingenziwa. Ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho ivolumu yokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko kuqala kunokusebenza okuphezulu kwemishini.

Ukwenziwa Kwentambo Ehlanganisiwe Yensimbi (Insimbi ye-FFF)

Kule nqubo, izinto zokuqala ziyi- intambo eyakhiwe ngempuphu yensimbi eboshwe yi-polymeric binderIphrinta ibeka ungqimba lwe-filament ngengqimba ilandela isimiso esifana ne-FFF plastic, ithole ucezu olusenengxenye ebalulekile ye-binder.

Ngemva kwalokho, lo mbhalo utholakala ku- ukwelashwa kwe-deagglomeration kanye ne-sintering esithandweni somlilolapho i-binder isuswa khona bese izinhlayiya zensimbi zihlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​okuholela engxenyeni yensimbi enesakhiwo sangaphakathi esivame ukugcwaliswa (isb., iphethini elingunxantathu) kanye nobuningi obuphansi kunengxenye eqinile ngokuphelele.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo kukhona Ukuphepha okukhulu kanye nokulula kokuphathwa kwempuphu ehlanganisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nempuphu ekhululekileUkutholakala kabanzi kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezindleko zokungena eziphansi kunezinye ubuchwepheshe bensimbi kuyinzuzo ebalulekile. Njengomphumela ongemuhle, izingxenye azixinene ngokuphelele, okuholela ezingxenyeni ezilula, okungaba yinzuzo noma umkhawulo kuye ngokusetshenziswa.

Ukucubungula Ukukhanya Kwedijithali (i-DLP)

Ukucubungula ukukhanya kwedijithali kuwubuchwepheshe obufana ne-sterolithography, kodwa kunomehluko owodwa obalulekile: esikhundleni sokuskena ingxenye ngayinye nge-laser, Iveza isithombe sonke sesendlalelo ngasinye ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-resin ye-photopolymer isetshenziswa kusetshenziswa iphrojektha yedijithali. Lokhu kuvumela ungqimba ngalunye ukuthi luphole ngokuphelele ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Le ndlela yokusebenza inikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu isivinini sokwakhiwa kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza kabusha imiklamo ngejometri eyinkimbinkimbi kakhuluukugcina ukunemba okuphezulu. Kuvame ukutholakala ezicelweni lapho izingxenye eziningi ezincane, ezinemininingwane eminingi zidinga ukukhiqizwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Njengezinkinga, inqubo ye-DLP ivame ukudala amaphunga anamandla ngesikhathi sokuphrinta Futhi izingxenye ezinkulu zingaba nokuguquguquka noma ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi uma ukuqondiswa kanye nezisekelo kungaphathwa kahle, okufana nalokho okwenzeka kwamanye ama-resin e-SLA.

Ukufakwa kwamandla okuqondile (i-DED)

Ukufakwa kwamandla ngqo kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza okungeziwe kwensimbi lapho i-nozzle efakwe engalweni yerobhothi enezingqimba eziningi nge-laser noma i-electron beam encibilikisa izinto (ngendlela yocingo lwensimbi noma i-powder) khona kanye lapho zifakwa khona.

Ngenxa yalokhu kulungiselelwa, uhlelo lungakwazi sebenzisa izinto kusukela kunoma iyiphi i-engeliI-DED ihilela ukwakha noma ukulungisa izingxenye ezingxenyeni ezikhona. Lokhu kwenza i-DED ibe yisisombululo esikhangayo kakhulu sokubuyisa izingxenye ezinenani eliphezulu, ukuqinisa izindawo ezibalulekile, noma ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu okunzima ukuzikhiqiza kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko yikhono lokukhiqiza izingxenye zensimbi ezinkulu kanye nokwengeza izinto ezingxenyeni esezenziwe kakadeLokhu kuwusizo kakhulu emikhakheni efana nezindiza kanye namandla. Kodwa-ke, lena imishini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo edinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, amakamelo alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ukuphathwa kothuli, kanye nokucubungula okubalulekile ngemuva kokucubungula ukuze kulungiswe ukunemba kanye nokuqeda ubuso.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-electron beam (EBM)

Ukuhlanganiswa kwemisebe ye-electron kusebenzisa umsebe wama-electron onamandla aphezulu, oqondiswa yinsimu yamagneticukuncibilikisa ungqimba lwempuphu yensimbi ngengqimba. Yonke inqubo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwegumbi le-vacuum, okuyisimo esidingekayo sokusebenza komsebe we-electron.

Lobu buchwepheshe busenza sikwazi ukufeza isivinini sokukhiqiza esiphezulu, ukunemba okuhle, kanye nezingxenye ezinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishiniLokhu kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ngama-superalloy asebenza kahle kakhulu emikhakheni yanamuhla. Igumbi le-vacuum kanye nendlela yokufaka amandla nakho kuthinta isakhiwo sokugcina sezinto.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-EBM kusho ukuthi imishini esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nabasebenzi abanolwazi ukuphatha imingcele yenqubo, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kutholakala ezindaweni zezimboni ezithuthukile kanye namaphrojekthi anezidingo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu.

Ukuphrinta kwe-MultiJet (i-MJP / i-Material Jetting)

Ukuphrinta kwe-MultiJet, noma ukujikijela izinto, kusekelwe ekubekweni kwe amaconsi amancane ezinto ezisebenza nge-photoreactive ezindaweni ezifiselekayo zesendlalelo ngasinye. Ngemva kokudlula ngakunye, umthombo wokukhanya we-ultraviolet welapha izinto, uziqinise futhi wakhe i-geometry echazwe yimodeli ye-3D.

Inzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile ukuthi ivumela hlanganisa izinto ezahlukene nemibala ngaphakathi kwengxenye efanayoLokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakhanda okuphrinta ahlukene angakhipha izinto ezahlukene ngendlela elawulwayo. Lokhu kwenza kube mnandi kakhulu kuma-prototype angokoqobo, ama-mock-up omkhiqizo, kanye nezingxenye lapho ukubonakala kokugcina kudingeka kulingiswe khona.

Isici esingathandeki kangako ukuthi izingcezu zivame ukukhombisa amandla aphansi nokuqina kunalezo ezenziwe ngezinye izinqubo eziqondiswe kakhulu kuhlelo lokusebenza lokugcina olusebenzayo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kugcinelwe ama-prototypes, ama-mock-up kanye namamodeli okuqinisekisa okubonakalayo.

Ukukhiqiza okwengeziwe kanye nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kweyunivesithi

Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwalezi zobuchwepheshe kuholele ekukhuleni kokutholakala kwe- izinhlelo ezithile zokuqeqesha zaseyunivesithi ekukhiqizeni okungeziweLolu hlelo luhlinzekwa kokubili emazingeni e-undergraduate kanye, ikakhulukazi, e-postgraduate, kanye nasemsebenzini wobungcweti. Umgomo ukuhlomisa onjiniyela ngamakhono aqinile ekwakhiweni kokukhiqiza okungeziwe, ukukhetha izinqubo, ukuhlola izinto zokwakha, kanye nokuphathwa kwamaphrojekthi ezimboni.

Ezinye izikhungo zinikeza izinkambo ze-modular Lezi zinhlelo zivumela abafundi ukuthi bathathe amamojula ahlukene aholela ezifundweni emazingeni ahlukahlukene (iziqu ze-Continuing Education Master's degrees, ama-Special Diploma, iziqu zochwepheshe, izitifiketi zokuvuselela, njll.). Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukulungisa indlela yokuqeqesha ukuze ivumelane nolwazi lomuntu ngamunye lwangaphambilini kanye nemigomo yakhe yobungcweti.

Uma kwenzeka izinhlelo eziholela kumadigri e-Master's in Continuing Education, Specialist noma Expert qualifications, ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuthi ube ne- Iziqu zaseyunivesithi ezisemthethweni, iBachelor's, iLicentiate, iDiploma, Ubunjiniyela, Ubunjiniyela Bobuchwepheshe, Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo noma Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Zobuchwepheshe (bheka Izinhlobo ezingu-15 zobunjiniyelaNgaphezu kwalokho, ukuphathwa kwekhosi ngayinye kungaphakamisa izidingo ezengeziwe zokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambilini emikhakheni ethile (izinto zokwakha, ukuklama, ukukhiqiza, njll.).

Ezimweni ezingavamile, amanye amanyuvesi acabangela ukwamukela ochwepheshe abangenazo iziqu ezisemthethweni ezidingekayo, uma nje bonisa ulwazi olwanele nge-resume yabo futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo zokwamukelwa eyunivesithi esungulwe yimithethonqubo yamanje. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ihhovisi lika-rector noma inhlangano efanelekile ingagunyaza ukubhaliswa ngemuva kokuthola umbiko omuhle kumqondisi wohlelo.

Uma umfundi ebhalisa esifundweni se-postgraduate ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokungenela iziqu ezifanele, Uzokwazi ukuqeda futhi uphase isifundo, kodwa ngeke uthole isitifiketi esisemthethweni.kodwa isitifiketi sokuphothula. Kwezinye izinhlobo zokugunyazwa, njengezitifiketi ezithile zobungcweti noma izitifiketi zokufunda okuvulekile kanye nemfundo eqhubekayo, izidingo zokungena okungenani ezingaphezu kwalezo ezibekwe umqondisi wezifundo azidingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ucwaningo, ukudluliselwa kanye nefektri yedijithali ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe

Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe akugcini nje emakilasini noma emalabhorethri aseyunivesithi: kukhona amandla amakhulu ukuqondiswa kokubambisana nemboni kanye nokudluliselwa kolwaziAmaqembu ocwaningo akhethekile asebenza kumaphrojekthi okuncintisana (isibonelo, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinhlelo ze-R&D zikazwelonke) futhi asebenzisana nezinkampani ukuze athathe izinto ezintsha kusukela ku-prototype kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, okuqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kusebenza kulo mkhakha.

Imiphumela yalo msebenzi wocwaningo iyavela izincwadi zesayensi kumajenali anethonya elikhulu, amalungelo obunikazi, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ezidluliselwa endaweni yokukhiqiza. Le migqa yocwaningo ivame ukuhlelwa ngezici eziningana ezibalulekile ze-Industry 4.0 kanye nefektri yedijithali.

Omunye wemigqa eyisisekelo ugxile ku- ukuhlaziywa, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuzenzakalela kwezinqubo zokukhiqizaLokhu kufaka phakathi ubuchwepheshe bendabuko (ukukhiqizwa kwe-CNC, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincane, ukujova ngepulasitiki) kanye nokukhiqizwa okungeziwe kanye nezinhlelo ze-mechatronic ezithuthukisiwe, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukunemba, ukuphindaphindeka kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

Enye indawo ebalulekile yi- ubunjiniyela bolwazi obusetshenziswa ekuklameni nasekukhiqizeniLe ndawo igxile ekuthuthukisweni okuzenzakalelayo kwamathuluzi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi e-CAX (CAD/CAM/CAE) kanye nezinhlelo ze-PLM, kanye namamodeli olwazi alula ukugeleza kwedatha kuyo yonke impilo yomkhiqizo. Ekukhiqizeni okungeziwe, lokhu kuholela ekwenzeni ngcono imiklamo ethile yenqubo ngayinye kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi yokuphrinta.

La ukuphathwa kwezimboni kanye nokusebenza kahle Iphinde idlale indima ehamba phambili. Izindlela ezifana ne-Lean Manufacturing, amathuluzi okulingisa, kanye ne-MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) zisetshenziswa ukwandisa umkhiqizo, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo lapho ukukhiqiza okwengeziwe kuhlanganiswa khona nobunye ubuchwepheshe emgqeni wokukhiqiza ofanayo.

Emkhakheni wefektri yedijithali, ukwamukelwa kwe Ukunika amandla ubuchwepheshe obufana namarobhothi asebenzisanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi okuqondile, i-Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe Ivumela ukudalwa kwezindawo zokukhiqiza ezihlakaniphile. Kulezi zindawo, amaphrinta e-3D namaseli asebenza ngemva kokucubungula ayingxenye ye-ecosystem exhunyiwe eqapha amapharamitha ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ilungise izinqubo ngendlela enamandla.

Ekugcineni, ziyathuthuka Izifundo zemikhakha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe emboniniIzinga lokwamukelwa kokukhiqiza okungeziwe, izithiyo zokungena, kanye nomthelela emikhakheni ehlukene kuyahlaziywa. Lokhu kuhlaziya kusiza ukuqondisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuklama amasu okusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokuhlonza amathuba ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha noma amamodeli ebhizinisi asekelwe ekukhiqizeni okusatshalaliswe kanye nokwenza ngezifiso okukhulu.

Lonke lolu hlelo lwezemfundo, ucwaningo, kanye nolwezimboni lwakha isimo lapho Ubunjiniyela bokukhiqiza obungeziwe buzihlanganisa njengensika yesu yokuncintisanaUkuhlanganisa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene (i-SLA, i-SLS, i-FDM, i-DMLS, i-DED, i-EBM, i-DLP, i-MJP, i-binder injection, i-metal FFF) nezindlela ezintsha zokuklama, ukukhiqiza, nokuphatha ulwazi efektri. Ukuqonda kahle izici zobuchwepheshe ngabunye, izinzuzo, imikhawulo, kanye nomongo lapho zisetshenziswa khona kuvumela izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inqubo okufanele isetshenziswe, ukuthi ihlanganiswe kanjani emgqeni wokukhiqiza, kanye namakhono okufanele athuthukiswe ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zayo.