- Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinikeza ukuqashelwa kwehadiwe, okwenza kube lula ukuhlela futhi kuncishiswe isidingo sokuphatha inkumbulo kanye nokubhekana ngesandla.
- Zihunyushelwa kukhodi yomshini kusetshenziswa ama-compilers noma abahumushi, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezingxenyekazi eziningi kanye nentuthuko esheshayo neguquguqukayo.
- Izibonelo ezidumile: i-Python, i-Java, i-C++, kanye ne-Visual Basic, ngayinye inezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kuwebhu, idatha, izinhlelo, kanye nesofthiwe yebhizinisi.
Namuhla, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kanye nokuhlela kuyizinsika eziyisisekelo zesikhathi sethu sedijithali. Kuleli zwe elithakazelisayo, izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziye zavela njengamathuluzi ayisihluthulelo ashintshe indlela esisebenzisana ngayo namakhompyutha. Kodwa luyini ngempela ulimi olusezingeni eliphezulu , futhi yini elwehlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zezilimi zokuhlela?
Kulesi sihloko, uzothola ukuthi lo mqondo usho ukuthini, izici zawo eziyinhloko , ukuthi usebenza kanjani, kanye nezibonelo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu zezilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu . Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlola ukubaluleka kwawo ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe yesimanje nokuthi ushintshe kanjani izinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Luyini ulimi olusezingeni eliphezulu?
Ulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu lubonakala ngokugxila kwalo ekulula nasekufinyelelekeni kwabahleli bezinhlelo. Ngokungafani nezilimi zomshini noma zokuhlanganisa, lolu hlobo lolimi lubhalwa kusetshenziswa amagama , imishwana , nezakhiwo ezilula kubantu ukuziqonda, okuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bagxile ekuqondeni kwezinhlelo zabo kunokukhathazeka ngemininingwane yehadiwe yobuchwepheshe.
Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ilele ezingeni lokungabonakali elikunikezayo. Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zifihla ubunzima behadiwe, njengokuphathwa kwememori noma i-processor addressing , okwenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana futhi elula ukuyisebenzisa.
Izici eziyinhloko zezilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Kunezici ezithile ezihlukanisa izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwezinye. Lezi zimfanelo zizenza zibe ithuluzi elibalulekile kubathuthukisi, njengoba zenza inqubo yokuhlela ibe lula . Ngezansi, sihlola ezinye zalezi zici ngokujulile:
- I-syntax elula eduze nolimi lwabantu: Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisebenzisa amagama nezakhiwo ezifana nolimi lwesiNgisi, okwenza kube lula ukuyiqonda.
- I-Hardware abstraction: Bafihla imininingwane yobuchwepheshe ukuze abahleli bezinhlelo bakwazi ukugxila kumqondo wohlelo.
- Ukuphatheka: Lezi zilimi zivumela uhlelo olufanayo ukuthi lusebenze kumasistimu wokusebenza ahlukene nezinkundla ngaphandle kokulungiswa okubalulekile.
- Ukuphathwa kwememori okuzenzakalelayo: Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengePython, zivame ukunakekela ukwabiwa kwenkumbulo kanye nokwabiwa, zinciphisa amaphutha avamile.
Zisebenza kanjani izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu?
Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisebenza ngokuhumusha ikhodi ebhalwe ngabahleli bezinhlelo (ikhodi yomthombo) ibe yifomethi eqondwa yimishini (ikhodi yomshini). Le nqubo yenziwa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuhumusha ezifana nabahlanganisi noma abahumushi.
Umhlanganisi uthatha yonke ikhodi yomthombo futhi ayihumushele ohlelweni olusebenzisekayo ngaphambi kokuthi asetshenziswe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhumushi uhumusha futhi asebenzise ikhodi umugqa ngomugqa, okungase kusebenze kahle kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza kodwa kusheshe kancane kukonke.
Ngenxa yale nqubo, abathuthukisi bangabhala ikhodi ngolimi oluqondakalayo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngolimi lomshini , ngaleyo ndlela bafinyelele intuthuko esheshayo neguquguqukayo.
Izibonelo ezidumile zezilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Kunezilimi eziningi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ngayinye enezici zayo kanye nezindawo ezisetshenziswayo. Ngezansi sethula ezinye ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu:
- IPython: Lolu limi lugqama nge-syntax yalo ecacile kanye nokuguquguquka, okulwenza lulungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha nokuthuthukiswa kwewebhu.
- IJava: Ngomgomo wayo othi "bhala kanye, gijima noma yikuphi", isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zebhizinisi nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-Android.
- I-C ++: Isandiso solimi C esingeza amakhono okuhlela agxile entweni.
- ISISEKELO: Nakuba ingadumile namuhla, inguqulo yayo yesimanje, i-Visual Basic, isewusizo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-Windows.
Ukuqhathanisa nezilimi ezisezingeni eliphansi
Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezisezingeni eliphansi zinezici ezihluke kakhulu:
- Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphansi: Njengomhlanganisi, aseduze ne-hardware futhi adinga ulwazi olujulile lobuchwepheshe. Banikeza ukulawula okukhulu phezu kwezinsiza zesistimu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa.
- Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu: Babeka phambili ukusebenziseka kalula nokufundeka, okwenza kube lula ukudala isofthiwe ngokuphumelelayo nangokushesha.
Ukubaluleka kwezilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware yesimanje
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iholele ekudalweni kwamathuluzi nezilimi ezithuthukisa umkhiqizo wonjiniyela. Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zibalulekile kulokhu, njengoba zivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe eyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi esincane futhi ngamaphutha ambalwa.
Ngale ndlela, izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu azigcinanga nje ngokufinyelela kwentando yeningi ezinhlelweni, kodwa futhi ziqhubekisele phambili ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe , okwenza kube lula ukudala izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi nezifinyeleleka kalula.
Izilimi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziphawule ushintsho olukhulu, zasondeza izinhlelo kubantu abaningi, zenza kube lula izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ziqhubekisela phambili intuthuko yobuchwepheshe engakaze ibonwe.
