- Ama-Microservices akuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimodulayo nezingakala ngokuhlukanisa imisebenzi ibe yizinsizakalo ezizimele.
- Banikeza i-agility nesivinini ekuthuthukisweni, okwenza kube lula ukufakwa kwezinguquko.
- Ukwamukelwa kwayo kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu, njengoba ukwehluleka enkonzweni eyodwa akuthinti abanye.
- Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, okuvumela amaqembu ukuthi akhethe ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lomsebenzi othile.
Kungani ama-microservices abalulekile?
Umlando omfushane wama-microservices
Yini ama-microservices?
1. Incazelo yama-microservices
2. Izici ezibalulekile zama-microservices
- Ukuhlukanisa:Isevisi encane ngayinye izimele futhi ingathuthukiswa, isetshenziswe futhi ikalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kokuthikameze ezinye izinsiza.
- Isibopho esisodwa: Isevisi encane ngayinye inesibopho somsebenzi othile noma ukusebenza, ngokulandela isimiso sesibopho esisodwa.
- Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene: Ama-Microservices angathuthukiswa ku izilimi ezahlukene zokuhlela kanye nobuchwepheshe, okukuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lomsebenzi ngamunye.
- Ukuqina: Ngenxa yokuthi ahlukanisiwe, ukwehluleka kusevisi encane eyodwa akuthinti lonke uhlelo, kuthuthukisa ukuqina.
- Ukwehluka: Ama-Microservices angakalwa ngokuzimela njengoba kudingeka, athuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwensiza.
Xhuma ku-Wikipedia kuma-microservices
Microservices architecture
1. Izingxenye ze-microservices architecture
- Imicroservices: Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesakhiwo, ngasinye sinesibopho somsebenzi othize noma ukusebenza.
- Isango le-API: Indawo yokungena emaphakathi ecela imizila kuma-microservices afanelekile futhi iphathe ukuphepha, ukufakazela ubuqiniso, nemizila.
- Irekhodi Lesevisi: Ingxenye egcina irekhodi lakamuva lawo wonke ama-microservices atholakalayo nezindawo zawo.
- Ukuqapha nokubhaliswa: Amathuluzi okuqapha ukusebenza kwama-microservices, ezempilo, namalogi.
- Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamasevisi: Izindlela zezinsiza ezincane zokuxhumana ngokuphephile nangempumelelo, njenge-HTTP/REST, umlayezo, noma ukusakazwa komcimbi.
2. Amaphethini okuxhumana phakathi kwama-microservices
- Isicelo/Impendulo: Isevisi encane eyodwa yenza isicelo kwenye bese ilinda impendulo, ivamise ukusebenzisa i-HTTP/REST.
- Imilayezo EngavumelaniAma-Microservices axhumana ngohlelo lwemiyalezo, olufana nolayini bemiyalezo noma amasistimu okusakaza imicimbi. Ngale ndlela, i-microservice ithumela imilayezo kulayini noma esihlokweni, kanti ezinye izinsiza ezincane zisebenzisa leyo miyalezo ngokuvumelanayo. Le phethini ivumela ukunqanyulwa okukhulu nokulinganisa.
- Ukusakazwa komcimbi: I-Microservices ishicilela futhi isebenzise ukusakazwa okuqhubekayo kwemicimbi yesikhathi sangempela isebenzisa amasistimu okusakaza imicimbi afana ne-Apache Kafka noma i-Amazon Kinesis. Le ndlela ifanele izimo zokusetshenziswa ezidinga ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulinganisa okuphezulu.
- I-Choreography yemicimbi: Esikhundleni sokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwama-microservices, kusetshenziswa ibhasi lomcimbi ophakathi nendawo lapho ama-microservices ashicilela futhi alalele imicimbi efanele. I-microservice ngayinye isabela ezenzakalweni ngokuzimela, iphromotha ukuhlukaniswa okukhulu.
- Izingcingo Zenqubo Ekude (RPC)Ama-Microservices angaxhumana ngezivumelwano ze-RPC, njenge-gRPC, ehlinzeka ngokuxhumana okusebenza kahle, okugxile kanambambili uma kuqhathaniswa ne-HTTP/REST.
- Imibuzo egciniwe eyabiweKwezinye izimo, ama-microservices angafinyelela futhi abuze imininingwane egciniwe eyabiwe yedatha efanelekile, nakuba le ndlela ingase yethule ukuhlanganisa okukhulayo futhi kufanele isingathwe ngokucophelela.
Izinzuzo ze-microservices
1. Ububhalo kanye nesivinini sentuthuko
2. Ukuqina nokuqina
3. Ukulula kwesondlo
4. Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha
5. Izinselelo zama-microservices
6. Ukuphatha inkimbinkimbi
7. Ukuqapha okusatshalaliswa nokugawulwa kwemithi
8. Ukuhlolwa nokuthunyelwa
9. Ukuphepha nokuhambisana
Microservices vs. Izakhiwo ze-Monolithic
Ukuqhathanisa izindlela
- Izakhiwo ze-Monolithic: Uhlelo lokusebenza lwakhiwe njengeyunithi eyodwa, lapho zonke izingxenye zihlanganiswa ngokuqinile futhi zisetshenziswe njengephakheji eyodwa.
- Microservices architecture: Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlukaniswe ngamasevisi amancane, azimele, ngalinye ligxile emsebenzini othize noma ukusebenza futhi lisatshalaliswa ngazinye.
Ungakhetha nini ama-microservices?
Ama-Microservices asebenzisa amacala
1. E-commerce
2. Izinkonzo zezezimali
3. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha
4. Ezokuzijabulisa kanye nabezindaba
Amathuluzi adumile nezinhlaka
1. Ukuphathwa kwesitsha (Docker, Kubernetes)
2. I-orchestration yesevisi
3. Amasango e-API
4. Ukuqapha nokuqopha
Imikhuba engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa ama-microservices
1. Umklamo wesevisi ohlangene
2. Ingqalasizinda ezishintshayo
3. Ukuqapha okusebenzayo
4. Ukuphathwa kwedatha esabalalisiwe
Ikusasa lama-microservices
Amathrendi nokuthuthuka kuma-microservices
- Ama-microservices aqhutshwa umcimbiAmaphethini okuxhumana aqhutshwa umcimbi njengokusakazwa komcimbi kanye nemiyalezo evumelanayo kulindeleke ukuthi athole ukuduma okwengeziwe kuzakhiwo ze-microservices.
- Amasevisi Angenaseva: Inhlanganisela yama-microservices kanye nezinsizakalo ezingenasiphakeli iyakhula, okuvumela ukuqina okukhulu nokusebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwensiza.
- I-Artificial Intelligence kanye Nokufunda NgomshiniUkufaka i-AI kanye namakhono okufunda ngomshini kuma-microservices kunganika amandla izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlakaniphile neziguquguqukayo.
- I-Service MeshAmameshi esevisi, afana ne-Istio ne-Linkerd, akwenza kube lula ukuphatha nokuqapha ama-microservices endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlinzeka ngezici ezinjengomzila ohlakaniphile, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi, nokuqina.