- Ukusetshenziswa kwemodeli yokuthembana okungelutho kanye nomgomo welungelo elincane kakhulu lokunciphisa indawo yokuhlasela.
- Amasu ajulile okuzivikela kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwezinsongo eceleni.
- Ukuphathwa kwemithwalo yemfanelo okwabiwe ngokwemodeli yesevisi (i-IaaS, i-PaaS, i-SaaS) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwengqalasizinda njengekhodi.
Ukusetha indawo yamafu namuhla akuyona nje indaba yokuqasha izinsizakalo ezimbalwa zesimanje nokuzixhuma ukuze ubone ukuthi kwenzekani. Empeleni kuyinqubo ehlelekile lapho zonke izinqumo zobuchwepheshe zithinta ngqo ikhono lokuvikela ulwazi nokuthi uhlelo luzosingatha kanjani imithwalo ephezulu ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka. Uma umklamo wenziwa kahle, uhlelo lusebenza kahle; kodwa uma lwenziwe kabi, izinkinga azivamile ukuvela ngosuku lokuqala, kodwa kunalokho ngqo lapho ibhizinisi liqala ukukhula futhi ipulatifomu iba yingozi.
Izinkampani zivame ukwenza iphutha lokugxila kuqala ethuluzini, zixoxisane ngokuthi ngabe izitsha noma imishini ebonakalayo ingcono yini ngaphambi kokuqonda izidingo zangempela zebhizinisi . Ngaphambi kokukhetha umhlinzeki ofana ne-AWS, i-Azure, noma i-Google Cloud, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izingozi, izinga elilindelekile lokuqhubeka, nokuthi ngabe iqembu linokuvuthwa okudingekayo yini ukuze lisebenzise lokho okwakhiwayo. Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kumele, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kube okuthembekile, okusebenzayo, nokubonakalayo , okuvimbela abaphathi ukuthi bachithe izinsuku zabo becisha umlilo njalo.
Izisekelo Zokuklama Ingqalasizinda Yamafu
Kalula nje, ukwakheka kwamafu akuyona ikhathalogi yezinsizakalo, kodwa kunalokho ukuhlelwa okuhlangene kwamanethiwekhi , ubunikazi, ukubala, kanye nesitoreji. Uma enye yalezi zingqimba yehluleka, lonke uhlelo luba buthaka; isibonelo, ungase ube nohlelo lokusebenza oluhlelwe kahle kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa uma izimvume ziningi kakhulu noma inethiwekhi iklanywe kabi, unomnyango ovulekile wanoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa.
Umklamo kufanele uqale isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ithuluzi langaphakathi alifani ne -API yomphakathi evezwe kubasebenzisi abayizinkulungwane . Iphethini yokusetshenziswa kanye nokubucayi kuchaza ukuthi sidinga i-monolith ezenzakalelayo kakhulu noma ukwakheka kwe-microservices. Khumbula lokhu: ama-microservices amahle kakhulu ekukhuliseni, kodwa anezela ubunzima bokusebenza obungasusa izinzuzo uma ithimba lingazi ukuthi liziphathe kanjani.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, umthetho wegolide uwukusebenzisa izilawuli kusukela osukwini lokuqala . Ukushiya ukuphepha kwamafu nokuvikelwa kwedatha kuze kube sekupheleni kuvame ukubiza kakhulu, njengoba ukulungisa ukuncika kanye nemikhuba yobuchwepheshe uma uhlelo seluqalile ukukhiqizwa kuyiphupho elibi ngempela.
Izinsika Zokuphepha Kwamafu: Ubunikazi, Inethiwekhi, kanye Nedatha
Umzila wokuqala wokuzivikela ubuwena. Yilapho-ke isimiso selungelo elincane sisebenza khona , esihlanganisa ukunikeza ukufinyelela okudingekayo kuphela ngezinqubomgomo zokufinyelela efwini ezichazwe kahle . Kuvamile kakhulu ukuwela ogibeni lokunikeza izimvume ezigcwele zokuxazulula isimo esiphuthumayo bese ukhohlwa ukuzihoxisa, udale isisekelo esibuthakathaka nesiyingozi.
Inethiwekhi iyisigaba sesibili esibalulekile. Akukhona ukuvala yonke into ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo, kodwa mayelana nokuqinisekisa yonke indawo yokungena . Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kanye nama-VPC ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zangaphakathi kwezikawonkewonke, ngaleyo ndlela kukhawulelwe indawo yokuhlasela futhi kuvimbele ukunyakaza kwecala ngumhlaseli ongaba khona.
Okokugcina, ukuvikelwa kwedatha kumele kube okuphelele. Ukubethela idatha kusizindalwazi akwanele; izinto ezigciniwe, ama-backup, kanye nolwazi oluyimfihlo kumele kuqashwe. Ukubethela idatha efwini kokubili ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuqinile kokuzwela kolwazi, kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela ukwephulwa kwedatha okubi kakhulu.
Amamodeli Omthwalo Wemfanelo Namasu Athuthukile
Ukuqonda imodeli yomthwalo wemfanelo owabiwe kubalulekile . Umhlinzeki wefu uvikela ingqalasizinda ebonakalayo (isikhungo sedatha), kodwa ikhasimende linesibopho salokho elikufaka ngaphakathi kuyo. Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngemodeli: ku-IaaS, uphatha konke kusukela ohlelweni lokusebenza kuya phezulu; ku-PaaS, ugxila kuhlelo lokusebenza kanye nedatha; futhi ku- SaaS, izinzuzo nezingozi zihlukile, yize umhlinzeki enza cishe konke, usengumnikazi wokuphathwa kokufinyelela kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho.
Omunye umqondo ophazamisayo ukwakheka kwe-Zero Trust. Ngokusekelwe esimisweni sokungazethembi nokuqinisekisa njalo , le ndlela isusa umqondo "womphetho ophephile." Akusabalulekile ukuthi umsebenzisi usengaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yenkampani; isicelo ngasinye sokufinyelela kumele siqinisekiswe njalo futhi siqinisekiswe.
Ukuze kuqiniswe lokhu, kunconywa ukuzivikela okujulile , okudala izendlalelo eziningi zokuphepha. Uma i-firewall yehluleka, ukubethela kuvikela idatha; uma iphasiwedi ivuza, i-MFA iyayimisa i-intruder. Lokhu kuphindaphindeka yikho okwenza uhlelo luqine ngempela ezinsongweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukusabalala, Ukusebenza, kanye namaphutha avamile
Ukukala akukhona nje ukwengeza i-CPU noma imemori eyengeziwe uma uhlelo luhamba kancane. Ukukala kwangempela kuhilela ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ukuze zikwazi ukuthuthuka ngokuzimela. Ukuklama izinsizakalo ezingenakubalwa kuvumela ungqimba lokubala ukuthi lushintsheke futhi luphindaphindwe kalula uma kudingeka.
Iphutha elibalulekile ukuthuthela ukwakheka kwendabuko kwendawo efwini ngaphandle kokuklama kabusha. Ukumane nje "ukuphakamisa nokushintsha" imishini ebonakalayo akunikezi ukunwebeka noma ukuphepha; kumane nje kuyihambisa inkinga kwenye indawo . Ngokufanayo, ubunzima obukhulu bobuchwepheshe (njengokusebenzisa i-service mesh lapho kungadingeki) kwandisa izindleko zokusebenza ngaphandle kokwengeza inani langempela.
Ukuqaphela kuyisici sokugcina sephazili. Ngaphandle kwezilinganiso nezixwayiso ezinembile, ithimba liyimpumputhe futhi lingasabela kuphela uma uhlelo seluhlulekile kakade. Isakhiwo esivuthiwe sisebenzisa i-Infrastructure as Code (IaC) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kuyahambisana, kuyahlolwa, futhi kulula ukukubuyisela emuva uma kwenzeka iphutha.
Ukuba nohlelo olulinganisa ngaphandle kokuhlelwa kabusha okuqhubekayo, lapho izimvume zichazwe ngokucacile futhi imibhalo ilula, kuyisibonakaliso esicacile somklamo ozwakalayo. Ukuphepha akuyona umkhiqizo owuthengayo; kuyisifundo sokuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nezinqumo zobuchwepheshe eziqhubekayo ezivikela izimpahla zedijithali endaweni ehlala ishintsha.
