Uma sikhuluma ngamadolobha anamuhla, akunakwenzeka ukungasho lutho ngenani elikhulu ledatha ayitholayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwamadolobha kuvela njengethuluzi eliyisihluthulelo esisivumela ukuthi siqoqe futhi sicubungule ulwazi mayelana nemvelo yasemadolobheni, siluguqule lusuke ezinambeni ezingenalutho lube yizenzo eziqondile ezithuthukisa izimpilo zansuku zonke zabantu abahlala emadolobheni.
Empeleni, sibheke ibhuloho phakathi kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuhlela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba. Ngokuhlanganisa ukubala izibalo nezimiso zokuhlela amadolobha, siqinisekisa ukuthi ukuklama imigwaqo kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsizakalo kusekelwe ezinqumweni ezinolwazi kanye nobufakazi bangempela , kunokuba kube ukuqagela , sihlala silwela ukwenza amadolobha abe namandla futhi amukeleke kakhudlwana.
Injini ye-Smart Cities: Idatha kanye nobuchwepheshe
Ukuze idolobha libe "lihlakaniphe ngempela," lidinga amathuluzi alivumela ukuthi licubungule idatha eningi kakhulu. Yilapho i-Big Data kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kungena khona njengezindlela zamasu , kusebenza njengobuchopho bohlelo. Ngenxa yalobu buchwepheshe, abaphathi bedolobha bangenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokuhlaziya ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphakeme kangakanani nokuthi bangakukhuthaza kanjani ukuzisebenzisa ukuze banciphise ukugcwala kwekhabhoni.
Ukuhamba kungenye inselelo enkulu lapho ukuhlaziya kukhanya khona ngempela. Ngokutadisha amaphethini okuhamba kanye nezithiyo zethrafikhi, kungaklanywa izinhlelo zokuhamba zomphakathi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu , kukhuthazwe ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi futhi kubekwe phambili abahamba ngezinyawo nabahamba ngamabhayisikili, okuholela emoyeni ohlanzekile kanye nokucindezeleka okuncane ngenkathi ushayela.
Futhi asinakukhohlwa imvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ezihlakaniphile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha kusenza sikwazi ukuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya ngesikhathi sangempela futhi siphathe imfucuza ngokuhlakanipha kakhulu. Lokhu akukhona nje ukuma kwezobuchwepheshe; kubhekana ngqo neMigomo Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo , kudala izindawo ezinempilo lapho imvelo nezindawo zasemadolobheni zihlala ndawonye ngokuvumelana.
Izindlela Zokuhlaziya Idatha Yasemadolobheni
Ukuhlaziya kwasemadolobheni kuyinsimu ehlukahlukene edinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuba nedatha nje akwanele; udinga ukwazi ukuthi wenzeni ngayo. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwe -Geographic Information Systems (GIS) kubalulekile , njengoba kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngeso lengqondo ulwazi emephini futhi uqonde ukuma kwedolobha.
Ukuze le nqubo isebenze kahle, kumele kuhlangatshezwane nezinsika ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ukuqonda izindlela zokuphatha idatha, ukukwazi ukudlulisa okutholakele ngokusebenzisa imidwebo enomthelela , kanye nokuba nekhono ngesofthiwe ekhethekile. Lokhu kuvumela ukwembulwa kwamaphethini amathuluzi okuhlela amadolobha endabuko ayengenakuwabona.
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zale ndlela yikhono lokuhlola izimo ezahlukene zephrojekthi ngaphambi kokubeka isitini esisodwa. Lokhu kuvumela iziphathimandla zomphakathi ukuthi zihlole iziphakamiso zisebenzisa izindlela eziqondile , okwenza ukuhlela indawo kube sobala kakhulu futhi kuvumelane nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zomhlaba wonke.
Ukuhlela Amadolobha Nokuguqulwa
Ukuhlaziya akusizi nje kuphela esikhathini esizayo, kodwa futhi nasekuqondeni ukuvela kwendawo eyakhiwe. Ucwaningo lwamamodeli okuhlela amadolobha lusenza sikwazi ukuhlaziya ukuthi amadolobha akhule kanjani nokuthi angangenelela kanjani ezindaweni zokuhlala. Kugxilwe kakhulu ekuguqulweni kwedolobha lanamuhla , kuhlolwa ukusebenza kahle kwezinsimbi zokulawula kanye nokuvela kwendawo yomphakathi.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukungenelela ezindaweni ezizungezile nasezindaweni zezindlu eziningi. Eziningi zalezi zindawo, ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwezindlela zesimanje, manje sezihlushwa ukuphelelwa yisikhathi. Ukuhlaziywa kwedolobha kusiza ekwakheni amasu okuvuselela indwangu yasemadolobheni yasendulo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezindawo ezonakele, okuguqula ingqalasizinda eqinile ibe yizindawo eziguquguqukayo nezilungele ukuhlala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kudlulela ekutadisheni "idolobha lemizuzu eyi-15," umqondo lapho umgomo uwukuthi izinsizakalo ezibalulekile zibe ngaphakathi kohambo olufushane. Ngokubala ukufinyeleleka kwezinsizakalo zasemadolobheni , izikhala zingatholakala futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kungahlelwa lapho zidingeka khona ngempela, kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila.
Amathuluzi Edijithali Athuthukile Nekusasa
Umqondo ophambili wokuhlela kwamanje uncike ekudalweni kwamaDigital Twins . Lawa makhophi angokoqobo edolobha avumela ukulingiswa komthelela wanoma yisiphi isinqumo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuhlanganisa i-BIM, i-CityGML, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukuxilongwa okunezilinganiso eziningi kanye nokubamba iqhaza kuyafezwa , kuhlanganiswa okokufaka kwezakhamuzi ngokunemba kobuchwepheshe.
Lezi zixazululo zobuchwepheshe zibalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselele ezifana nokuguquka kwamandla kanye nokuguga kwabantu. Ngokusebenzisa izimo kusetshenziswa i-AI, kungenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi izidingo zabantu zizoshintsha kanjani futhi kulungiswe ingqalasizinda yasemadolobheni ukuze ibandakanyeke futhi iphephe, kugqanyiswe ifa lamasiko ngenkathi kuqhutshekwa ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali.
Ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela zesayensi kusenza sikwazi ukusuka ekuxilongweni okusekelwe ekuqondeni siye empendulweni eqhubekayo esekelwe ekudwebeni kwezihloko kanye nendawo. Lokhu kwenza ukuphathwa okuhlanganisiwe nokuguquguqukayo okusabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni ezisheshayo emphakathini wanamuhla, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula kwamadolobha kuhlelwe kunokuba kube yisiphithiphithi.
Ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-geospatial kuye kwasuka ekubeni yinketho kwaba yinto edingekayo ekuphathweni kwezindawo zasemadolobheni. Ngokuguqula i-Big Data ibe ulwazi olusebenzayo, kungenzeka ukuklama amadolobha angagcini nje ngokusebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza kanye nokuhambahamba, kodwa futhi abeka phambili inhlalakahle yabantu kanye nokusimama kwemvelo kwesikhathi eside.
