- U-Albert Einstein wabeka izisekelo ze-laser ngo-1917 ngethiyori yakhe evuselelwe yokukhipha umoya.
- I-laser yokuqala esebenzayo yasungulwa nguTheodore Maiman ngo-1960.
- I-laser iguqule izinkambu ezifana nemithi, izimboni nezokuzijabulisa.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-physics yesimanje, ukukhanya kuye kwathakazelisa ososayensi . Enye yentuthuko ebaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha kube yi-laser, ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kusukela kwezokwelapha kuya kwezokuzijabulisa. Nakuba manje buyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke, intuthuko yabo yayiwuhambo olude noluyinkimbinkimbi lwesayensi.
Umlando we-laser ugcwele izikhathi ezibalulekile kanye nabantu abavelele . Kusukela emibonweni yokuqala ka- Albert Einstein ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kuya kokusungula izinto ezintsha zanamuhla, intuthuko ngayinye ibe yisinyathelo esiya ethuluzini eliguqula izinto. Ake sihlole lolu hambo oluthakazelisayo lwezobuchwepheshe ngokuningiliziwe.
Izimiso zethiyori: U-Albert Einstein kanye nokukhishwa kwe-stimulated
Ukuze siqonde isisekelo se-laser , kumelwe sibuyele emuva ku-1917, lapho u-Albert Einstein ephakamisa umqondo wokukhishwa kwemisebe okukhuthazwayo . Ngokusho kombono wakhe, ama-athomu asesimweni esinamandla aphezulu angashukunyiswa ukuba akhulule amandla awo ngesimo sokukhanya okuhlangene, okuholela kuma-photon aqondaniswe ngesigaba nangesiqondiso.
Lesi simiso, nakuba sasisekelwe embonweni ngaleso sikhathi, sabeka isisekelo salokho okwakuzoba ukusebenza kwe-laser kamuva. U-Einstein uchaze le nqubo njengendlela yokukhulisa ukukhanya , okwaba yisisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-laser banamuhla.
Ukuqalisa: kusuka ku-maser kuya ku-laser
Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngawo-1950, uCharles Hard Townes nethimba lakhe bakha umshini wokuqala wokwenza i-maser (i-Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) . Lo mshini wasebenzisa imibono ka-Einstein, kodwa wasebenza ngama-microwave esikhundleni sokukhanya okubonakalayo.
Ngo-1960, isazi sesayensi saseMelika uTheodore Maiman sakha i-laser yokuqala esebenzayo esebenzisa i-ruby njengendlela esebenzayo. Lokhu kwaphawula ingqophamlando yesayensi nobuchwepheshe . Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, ekuqaleni yayilahlwa njengesixazululo sokufuna inkinga, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yabonisa amandla ayo amakhulu.
Izingxabano zokusungulwa kanye nokwanda kwamalungelo obunikazi
Esinye sezici eziphikisana kakhulu ngokuvela kwe-laser kwaba yimpikiswano yezomthetho ngokusungulwa kwayo. UGordon Gould , isazi sefiziksi saseMelika, wathi udumo ngokuthuthukisa i-laser. Nakuba athumela incwadi echaza imibono yakhe ngo-1957, akazange afake isicelo selungelo lobunikazi ngokushesha. Lokhu kwaholela empini yezomthetho eyathatha iminyaka.
Ngo-1977, u-Gould ekugcineni wathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokumpompa i-optical, ingxenye ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe be-laser. Naphezu kwezinselele, lokhu kunqoba kugcizelele ukubaluleka kwegalelo lomuntu ngamunye ekuziphendukeleni kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukunwetshwa kwesicelo: Imithi, imboni nokuzijabulisa
Eminyakeni edlule, i-laser iye yabonakala iyithuluzi elisebenziseka kakhulu. Kwezokwelapha , ama-ruby laser aqala ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha amehlo ngo-1963, evula amathuba amasha ekuhlinzeni amehlo kanye ne-dermatology.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yasheshe yamukela lobu buchwepheshe bezinqubo zokusika nokushisela ezinembile . Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umkhakha wezokuzijabulisa nawo wabusebenzisa , usebenzisa ama-laser emibukisweni yokukhanya kanye nemicimbi yomculo.
Izindlela ezintsha zakamuva kanye nekusasa lama-lasers
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ama-lasers akhiwe ngemidiya ehlukene esebenzayo, njenge-carbon dioxide ne-erbium. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuphinde kwanweba izinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekwelashweni kobuhle kuya emkhakheni wezempi.
Namuhla, ama-laser ayaqhubeka nokuguqula umhlaba wethu, kusukela kumadivayisi asekhaya njengezikena zebhakhodi kuya ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe. Amathuba esikhathi esizayo abonakala engenamkhawulo , ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-laser kuwubufakazi bekhono lesintu lokuguqula umqondo wemfundiso ube ithuluzi elisebenzayo nelishintsha impilo. Kusukela emiqondweni yokuqala ka- Einstein kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwanamuhla, lokhu kusungulwa kuye kwaguqula imikhakha eminingi futhi kuzoqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo esikhathini esizayo.
