- Amagciwane okuqala avela emibonweni yezibalo mayelana nokuziphindaphinda kwe-automata.
- I-Creeper, ngo-1971, kwakuyigciwane lokuqala lekhompyutha, lilandelwa yi-antivirus yokuqala, i-Reaper.
- Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, amagciwane avela kumakhodi alula aya ezinsongweni ezinkulu njenge-WannaCry.
Ambalwa amagama afanekisa kakhulu emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe njengama -virus ekhompyutha . Lezi zingcezu ezincane zesofthiwe ezicasulayo ziye zashintsha kanye namakhompyutha, zashintsha zaba yimiboniso elula yezemfundo zaba usongo olukhulu kubasebenzisi, amabhizinisi, kanye nohulumeni.
Inhloso yalesi sihloko ukubukeza umlando wama-virusi ekhompyutha, kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo okuphansi njengezinto ezimangalisayo zezibalo kuya endimeni yawo yamanje njengezikhali zobugebengu be-inthanethi, ukuhlahlela izigaba zawo ezibaluleke kakhulu nokuhlaziya ukuthi ashintshe kanjani isimo sobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi.
Iziqalo zethiyori: Isisekelo sesayensi samagciwane
Umqondo wegciwane lekhompyutha usukela ngawo-1940. Isazi sezibalo uJohn von Neumann wayengowokuqala ukuqagela nge-automata eziphindaphindayo, okungukuthi, izinhlelo ezikwazi ukuzikopisha nokuzisabalalisa. Emsebenzini wakhe othi " Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata ," owanyatheliswa ngo-1966, waphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lungathelela ezinye izinhlelo, ezifana nokuziphatha kwamagciwane ebhayoloji.
Kamuva, ngo-1959, eBell Labs, kwadalwa umdlalo othakazelisayo obizwa ngokuthi iDarwin . Wawuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezincintisanayo zokufinyelela inkumbulo yekhompyutha. Nakuba lokhu kuhlola kwakungahlosiwe ukuba kube nonya, kwakuyisandulela salokho okwakuzoba amagciwane okuqala angempela.
Ukuzalwa kwegciwane lokuqala: I-Creeper ne-Reaper
Igciwane lokuqala emlandweni lakhiwa ngo -1971 nguBob Thomas, unjiniyela kwa-BBN Technologies. Njengoba libizwa ngokuthi i-Creeper , inhloso yalo kuphela kwakuwukuziphindaphinda nokubonisa umlayezo othi " NginguCreeper, ngibambe uma ungakwazi! " ezikrinini zezinhlelo ezithelelekile . Nakuba lingazange libangele umonakalo, labeka isisekelo se-malware njengoba silazi namuhla.
Ukuze kulwiwe neCreeper, kwadalwa uhlelo lokuqala lwe-antivirus emlandweni, olubizwa ngokuthi iReaper . Lolu hlelo lwalunomsebenzi oqondile wokulandelela nokuqeda amagciwane , okuphawula ukuqala kwempi ende phakathi kwamagciwane namathuluzi okuvikela.
Ukukhuphuka kwama-Trojans nama-PC virus
Ngawo-70 kanye nawo-80, amagciwane aqala ukuvela abe izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Esinye sezibonelo zokuqala kwakuyi- ANIMAL Trojan , eyasungulwa ngo-1975 nguJohn Walker. Lolu hlelo, olufihliwe njengomdlalo wokuqagela ongenacala, lwaluhlanganisa ingxenye efihliwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-PREVADE, eyayiphinda i-Trojan ezinhlotsheni zesistimu ethelelekile.
Ngo-1986, abafowethu uBasit no-Amjad Farooq Alvi bakha i-Brain , igciwane lokuqala elaklanywa ngqo kuma-PC. Le malware yahlasela ama-boot disk, yehlisa ijubane lezinhlelo futhi yalandelela amadivayisi athelelekile. Nakuba ingeyona ingozi kakhulu, ukudalwa kwayo kwaphawula inkathi entsha ekusabalaleni kwamagciwane ngobuningi.
Ukuhlasela kwenqwaba yokuqala
Njengoba ukuthandwa kwamakhompyutha omuntu siqu kwanda, amagciwane aqala ukubanga umonakalo omkhulu. Ngo-1988, i- Morris worm yathelela cishe u-10% wezinhlelo ezixhunywe ku-ARPANET, eyandulela i-inthanethi. Lokhu kuhlasela kwabonisa okokuqala amandla okubhubhisa e-malware kumanethiwekhi axhunyiwe.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80, kwavela iVienna , igciwane elonakalisa amafayela kumakhompyutha asebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-DOS. Ngemva nje kwalokho, ngo-1992, igciwane le-Michelangelo ladala ukwesaba emhlabeni wonke lapho lisebenza ngoMashi 6, labhubhisa idatha kumasistimu athelelekile.
Ukunyuka kwe-ransomware nezinye izinsongo
Ngo-1989, i-AIDS Trojan yaba yisibonelo sokuqala se- ransomware , uhlobo lwe-malware oluvimbela ukufinyelela kwedatha yomsebenzisi kuze kube yilapho isihlengo sesikhokhiwe. Yasungulwa nguJoseph Popp, owafuna u-$189 ukuvula izinhlelo ezithintekile.
Iminyaka yawo-90 yaletha izinsongo ezintsha, njenge- polymorphic virus , ekwazi ukushintsha ikhodi yayo ukuze igweme isofthiwe ye-antivirus, kanye namagciwane amakhulu njenge- WinWord Concept , eyahlasela amadokhumenti e-Microsoft Word.
Umthelela wamagciwane ekhulwini lama-21
Ukuqala kwenkulungwane entsha yeminyaka kwaphawulwa ukuhlaselwa okwasebenzisa kabi ukwanda kwama-imeyili. Amacala afana ne- I Love You kanye ne-Melissa athinte izigidi zabasebenzisi emhlabeni jikelele, asakazeka ngokushesha ngezinamathiselo ezinegciwane.
Ngo-2004, igciwane le -MyDoom lasakazeka ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe, lathelela phakathi kuka-16% no-25% wama-imeyili emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuhlasela kwaholela ekulahlekelweni komnotho okulinganiselwa ku- $40.000 billion.
Izinsongo zesimanje
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinsongo ezifana neConficker kanye neWannaCry zibeke izinkampani nezikhungo engcupheni emhlabeni jikelele. I-WannaCry, isibonelo, yaqala ukuhlasela okukhulu ngo-2017, kwathinta izinhlelo ezingaphezu kuka-141.000 emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa izibhedlela namabhizinisi abalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthakathaka obufana ne -Heartbleed bubonise ukuthi akuwona nje kuphela amagciwane ayingozi, kodwa futhi namaphutha kumathuluzi okuphepha njenge- IPS.
Kuwo wonke umlando, amagciwane aguqukile esuka ezithakazelweni zezemfundo aya ezimbonini ezinkulu zobugebengu. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo kuqhubekisele phambili intuthuko enkulu kwezokuphepha ku-inthanethi, kodwa kuphinde kwagqamisa isidingo sokuhlala uqaphile. Kusukela ku-Creeper kuya ku-WannaCry, lezi zinhlelo zibonise ukuthi ziwusongo kanye nenselele esintwini.
