- I-CCTV iyisistimu evaliwe, enezintambo futhi eqinile, efanelekile ezindaweni zokugcina impahla ezinkulu noma ezindaweni ezingenayo i-inthanethi.
- Amakhamera ahlakaniphile (IP) anikeza ukufinyelela okukude, ukuhlaziywa kwe-AI, kanye nokufakwa okulula kakhulu.
- Ukukhetha kuncike ebhalansini phakathi kwesidingo sokuthembeka okuphelele nokuguquguquka kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kweselula.
Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sekwenzekile kuwe: ungena esakhiweni esidala bese ubona lowo mugqa wezikrini onezithombe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezifiphele, bese uzibuza ukuthi ingabe kuseyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela lokho esikwazisayo. Esikhathini lapho amafoni ethu cishe ewukunwetshwa kwezandla zethu, kuyamangaza ukuthi kusekhona ukungabaza ngokuthi kufanele unamathele yini ezinhlelweni ze- CCTV zendabuko noma ungene ngqo kumakhamera ahlakaniphile anamuhla. Uma ufuna ukuthula kwengqondo futhi ungafuni ubuchwepheshe bukuphathe kabi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela inketho ngayinye.
Akukhona nje ukufaka ikhamera nokuyibiza ngosuku olulodwa; kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi udinga ukuqina kohlelo oluvaliwe noma ukuguquguquka kwefu kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Kuye ngokuthi ufuna ukuqapha igumbi lakho lokuphumula, igumbi lomntwana wakho, noma isitolo sezimboni esingamamitha-skwele ayi-1,000, impendulo izoshintsha ngokuphelele. Sizohlaziya ngokuphelele lobu buchwepheshe ukuze ungaphazanyiswa yizincazelo zobuchwepheshe ezingenalutho futhi ungakhetha ukuthi yini efanelana nezidingo zakho zansuku zonke.
Iyini ngempela i-CCTV futhi isebenza kanjani?
Uma sikhuluma nge-CCTV, sibhekisela ku-Closed Circuit Television. Kalula nje, uhlelo lapho konke kuhlala khona "ngaphakathi." Akukho i-inthanethi noma uxhumano olusekelwe efwini; izintambo ze-coaxial kuphela ezisebenza kusuka kukhamera ziye esikhungweni sokulawula, ngokuvamile i-DVR (Digital Video Recorder) ifihliwe ekhabetheni elinothuli.
Ukusetha enye yalezi zinhlelo, empeleni, kuyiphrojekthi engathi sína. Khohlwa ukukwenza ngemizuzu emihlanu; kuhilela ukubhoboza odongeni , ukusebenzisa amamitha ekhebula, futhi cishe ukubiza uchwepheshe ukuze ugweme ukungcola kwezintambo ezingathandeki. Uma konke sekusendaweni, uhlelo luqinile: luqopha amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto futhi aluthintwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-router noma ukungasebenzi kwe-Wi-Fi.
Kodwa-ke, akukho ukuguquguquka. Uma ufuna ukubuyekeza okwenzekile ezinsukwini ezintathu ezedlule, kufanele uhlale phambi kwesibonisi sakho bese uqhubeka ngesandla ngamahora okuqopha. Ukufinyelela kude akuyona into evamile; ngaphandle kokuthi ukhokhe imali eyengeziwe ngokusetha okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngeke ukwazi ukubona okwenzekayo ebhizinisini lakho ngenkathi uthamela ilanga ogwini lolwandle.
Uguquko lwamakhamera e-IP kanye nokuphepha okuhlakaniphile
Yilapho izinto ziba mnandi khona. Amakhamera e-IP (Internet Protocol) empeleni angamakhompyutha athwebula ividiyo bese eyithumela ngenethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi noma ye-Ethernet. Ukufakwa kulula kakhulu: xhuma ikhamera endaweni yokukhipha ugesi, uyixhume kunethiwekhi yakho, bese uvukile futhi usebenza ngemizuzu embalwa . Akudingeki ukuba uchwepheshe kagesi noma udilize ingxenye yodonga.
Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi unokulawula okuphelele ephaketheni lakho. Ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwefu , ungathola izaziso zesikhathi sangempela ku-smartphone yakho. Uma othile engena egcekeni lakho noma inja yenza ukungcola egumbini lokuphumula, uzokwazi ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yesithombe ithathe igxathu elimangalisayo, isuka ekubukekeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhathi esidlule iye ezinqumweni ze-2K noma ngisho ne-4K ezinemininingwane ecacile.
Kodwa okushintsha ngempela umdlalo yi-Artificial Intelligence. Lawa makhamera awaqophi nje kuphela; "ayaqonda" lokho akubonayo futhi avumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI ekuphepheni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala. Angahlukanisa phakathi komuntu, isilwane esifuywayo, noma iphakheji eshiywe ngumuntu olethayo, okukuvimbela ukuthi uvuke ngo-3 ekuseni ngoba i-squirrel idlule inzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlangana nezinhlelo zemvelo ezifana ne-Alexa, i-Google Home, ne-Siri, okuvumela ukuthi ulawule ukuphepha ngezwi lakho.
Umehluko oyinhloko: Ukuqhathanisa okuqondile
Ukuze sigweme ukulahleka kulo lonke lolu lwazi, ake sifingqe amaphuzu lapho la mazwe amabili engqubuzana khona. Okokuqala, ukufakwa kwe-CCTV kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga ubuchwepheshe bochwepheshe, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwekhamera ehlakaniphile kuyisitayela se-DIY futhi kushesha kakhulu.
- Ikhwalithi Yesithombe: I-CCTV ivame ukuba ejwayelekile noma i-analog; i-IP inikeza incazelo ephezulu kanye nemininingwane ecacile.
- Finyelela: Kuhlelo lwendabuko ukufinyelela kusendaweni; ohlelweni oluhlakaniphile kuyasebenza kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni.
- Isitoreji: I-CCTV ithembele ku-hard drive ebonakalayo (i-DVR/NVR), kuyilapho i-IP isebenzisa amakhadi e-SD noma ifu.
- Ubuhlakani: Amarekhodi e-CCTV futhi yilokho kuphela; amakhamera esimanje athola ubuso futhi akhiqize izexwayiso ezihlakaniphile.
Uma sihlaziya izindleko, amakhamera e-IP angase abonakale eshibhile ekuqaleni, yize isitoreji samafu sivame ukuhilela imali yanyanga zonke. I-CCTV inezindleko eziphezulu zokufakwa ngenxa yokufakwa kwezintambo kanye nomsebenzi okhethekile, noma ngabe awukhokhi okubhaliselwe ngemva kwalokho.
Ikhamera yokuphepha vs. ikhamera yokuqapha: Ingabe ziyafana?
Abantu abaningi basebenzisa la magama ngokushintshana, kodwa kunezimo ezihlukile zomthetho nezisebenzayo. Amakhamera okuphepha avame ukubonakala njengesithiyo . Inhloso yawo ukuthi isela libone ikhamera bese linquma ukuthi akufanele liyizame. Avamile emasangweni ezitolo nasemaceleni ezakhiwo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhamera okuqapha avame ukuba yimfihlo noma afihliwe. Umsebenzi wawo ukuqapha okusebenzayo kanye nokuqoqa ubufakazi ngaphandle kokuba lowo muntu azi ukuthi uyaqoshwa. Yilapho singena khona emanzini amnyama nge-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), njengoba kuyimpoqo ukwazisa abantu, ngezibonakaliso, ukuthi ukuqoshwa kuyenzeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokusebenza noma ezindaweni zokuthengisa.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukufaka amakhamera ezindaweni ezizimele njengezindlu zangasese noma amakamelo okushintshela kuwukwephulwa okukhulu kobumfihlo . Umthetho eSpain ucacile kakhulu: izithombe ngokuvamile kumele zisuswe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30, futhi umsindo awukwazi ukuqoshwa ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile nefanele.
Izinhlobo namafomethi: Yikuphi okufanele ukukhethe kuye ngesikhala?
Akuwona wonke amakhamera anesimo esifanayo noma afeze injongo efanayo. Uma ufuna into eyimfihlo yophahla, amakhamera e-dome ayindlela engcono kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuyisiyingi. Uma ufuna ukuqapha kube sobala futhi kuvimbele abaphangi abangaba khona, amakhamera okuphepha angaphandle ayindlela okufanele uhambe ngayo, njengoba umzimba wawo omude ubonakala kakhulu.
Kulabo abadinga ukumboza izindawo ezinkulu, kunekhamera ye-PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom). Lawa madivayisi amangalisayo akuvumela ukuthi ujikeleze ama-degree angu-360 , utsheke, futhi usondeze ngamandla, konke kulawulwa kude. Alungele izindawo zokupaka, izitolo, noma izindawo zokugcina ezinkulu zezimboni lapho ikhamera egxilile ingahluleka khona.
Uma kukhulunywa ngengaphandle, ungathembi noma yimuphi umodeli. Njalo funa isitifiketi se-IP66 noma se-IP67 , ikakhulukazi uma ukhetha amakhamera okuphepha e-WiFi angaphandle . Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhamera ngeke yehluleke esiphephweni sokuqala futhi izomelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, kusukela emakhazeni ase-polar kuya ekushiseni okushisayo kwehlobo laseSpain, ngenkathi igcina umbono ocacile ebusuku.
Ukuze siqedele lesi sithombe, sidinga ukucabangela ukuxhumana. Amakhamera e-WiFi afanele labo abaqasha ifulethi noma abafuna ukusethwa okusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ebhizinisini elinamakhamera angu-20, inketho engcono kakhulu uhlelo lwe -PoE (Power over Ethernet ), oludlulisela amandla nedatha ngekhebula elilodwa, luvimbele ukuphazamiseka kanye nokwehla kwesignali.
Ukuphepha kwanamuhla kuncike ekutholeni ibhalansi phakathi kokuthembeka kokuxhumeka okunezintambo kanye nomlingo wobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Ngenkathi i-CCTV isalokhu ingumgcini othule wezitolo ezinkulu, amakhamera e-IP asebenzise ukuvikelwa kwekhaya ngendlela yentando yeningi, okusivumela ukuthi siqaphe abathandekayo bethu nempahla yethu ngokuthepha nje esikrinini sethu seselula, sihlanganiswe endaweni lapho ukukhanya kuvula khona ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ikhamera ibona ukunyakaza okusolisayo phakathi kwamabili.
