- Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhompyutha aphathwayo anokusekelwa kwe-Linux yendawo noma okulungiselelwe umphakathi.
- Amaphrojekthi e-DIY ane-Raspberry Pi akuvumela ukuthi udale amakhompyutha amancane e-Linux ashibhile futhi angenziwa ngezifiso ngokugcwele.
- Iziqondiso zemiyalo ye-Pocket ziyinhlanganisela efanelekile yokuthola okuningi kulawa madivayisi amancane.
- Umphakathi ugcina impilo ye-UMPCs, ama-PDA, nama-microcomputers enza kube nokwenzeka ukuphatha i-Linux ephaketheni lakho.
Uma wake waphupha ngokuba nekhompyutha ephelele ye-Linux ephaketheni lakho , awuwedwa. Kusukela kuma-UMPC akudala kuya kuma-Raspberry Pis akamuva, umhlaba wehadiwe encane kanye nezinhlelo zomthombo ovulekile ubelokhu usinika amagugu iminyaka eminingi ahlanganisa ukuphatheka okukhulu namandla angaphezu kwawanele okusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlanganisa imihlaba emibili ehlangene: ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhompyutha aphathwa ngesandla asekelwe ku-Linux , kokubili athengiswayo nawasekhaya, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, umqondo "womhlahlandlela wephakethe" wemiyalo ukuze uthole okuningi kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa. Uzobona uhlu oluningiliziwe lwamadivayisi adumile, amaphrojekthi e-DIY ongawakopisha ekhaya nge-Raspberry Pi, kanye nokuthi ishidi elihle lokukhohlisa umyalo lingaguqula kanjani ikhompyutha yakho encane ibe ithuluzi elinamandla lokusebenza, ukufunda, kanye nokuhlola.
Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuba ne-“Linux ephaketheni lakho”?
Uma sikhuluma nge-"Linux ephaketheni lakho," singabhekisela ezintweni ezimbili ezihlukene kodwa ezihlobene eduze: ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhompyutha aqinile kakhulu asebenzisa i-Linux , kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziqondiso ezincane eziphrintiwe noma zedijithali eziqukethe imiyalo ebalulekile yokuhamba ku-terminal. Ubuhle busekuhlanganiseni imibono yomibili: idivayisi encane kanye nereferensi esheshayo ehlala iseduze.
Eminyakeni eyaholela ekuqhumeni kwamathebhulethi nama-smartphone esiwaziyo namuhla, kwavela uchungechunge lonke lwama -UMPC (ama-Ultra Mobile PC) nama-minicomputer , ezama ukunikeza "i-PC ephelele" ngefomethi elingana nephakethe. Iningi lalawa madivayisi manje seliyizinto zabaqoqi, kodwa avule indlela futhi abonisa ukuthi i-Linux ingashintshwa ukuze ivumelane namadivayisi anezikrini ezincane namakhibhodi.
Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukunquma ukuthi idivayisi iwela esigabeni "sekhompyutha ephaketheni" zilula kakhulu: kumele ifake ikhibhodi ephelele ye-QWERTY futhi ibe ncane ngokwanele ukuze ilingane ephaketheni elikhulu (cabanga ngejazi noma amaphakethe ebhulukwe akhululekile). Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke okunye kuyindaba yamandla, impilo yebhethri, kanye nomphakathi.
Amaningi alawa madivayisi akhiqizwa ngobuningi obulinganiselwe, athengiswa emazweni athile kuphela, noma ayekwa ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke namuhla kuvamile ukuthi kudingeke uhlole imakethe ye-eBay, i-Amazon, noma yaseShayina ukuze uthole iyunithi esesimweni esihle. Futhi, vele, isihluthulelo sokuqhubeka kwawo ekhona umphakathi ogcina ukwesekwa kwe-Linux, ama-patches, kanye namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze azuze kakhulu kuwo.
Ngaphandle kwehadiwe, kukhona enye insika ebalulekile: Iziqondiso zephakethe ze-Linux . Lezi yizincwadi ezincane ezihlanganisa imiyalo evame ukusetshenziswa, izinketho ezisebenzayo kakhulu, kanye nezibonelo zokusebenzisa, ezenzelwe abasebenzisi abasafufusa abafuna ukukhululeka nge-Linux kanye nabaphathi noma abasebenzisi abathuthukile abadinga ukubhekisela okusheshayo. Ukuba nenye yalezi ziwusizo uma usebenza kukhompyutha encane enesikrini esincane kuwusizo kakhulu kunalokho okungase kubonakale.
Amadivayisi anokusekelwa kwe-Linux yomdabu: uyayikhipha ephaketheni lakho bese isebenza.
Amanye amadivayisi aklanyelwe ukusebenzisa i-Linux noma uhlelo olusekelwe ku-Linux kusukela ekuqaleni . Lokhu kusekelwa kwemvelo kwenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu: uqala kabusha, ulungiselele imininingwane embalwa, futhi ungaqala ukulungisa ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinkinga ngabashayeli noma ezinye izithombe.
Enye yezinhlobo zesimanje zakudala yiPandora , idivayisi eyakhishwa phakathi kuka-2008 no-2010, esekelwe ku-OMAP3530 SoC (ARM Cortex-A8) esebenza phakathi kuka-600 MHz no-1 GHz. Inikeza ikhibhodi egcwele, ama-joystick e-analog, kanye ne-Linux efakwe kusengaphambili, okwenza kube ingxube emangalisayo yekhonsoli ephathwayo kanye nekhompyutha encane. Naphezu kobudala bayo, yake yatholakala kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni futhi isathandwa kakhulu ngabaqoqi kanye nabathandi bemidlalo ye-retro.
Umlandeli ongokomoya wePandora yiPyra , ehlelwe nge-OMAP 5 (ARM Cortex-A15) ku-1,5 GHz. I-Pyra ihlose ohlangothini olufanayo: idivayisi encane eqondiswe kubathandi bemidlalo nabasebenzisi abafuna uhlelo oluphelele lwe-Linux ezandleni zabo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kube isikhathi eside futhi kungaqinisekile, kodwa umqondo uhlala: ukunikeza amandla anele ku-chassis encane, ne-Linux njengohlelo lokusebenza.
Phakathi kwamaphrojekthi e-DIY adumile kakhulu yi -NODE – I-Handheld Linux Terminal (Inguqulo 2) , ikhompyutha eyenziwe ekhaya ephaketheni esekelwe ku-Raspberry Pi 2 futhi egcinwe ebhokisini elenziwe ngokwezifiso. Le phrojekthi ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba iphefumulele abantu abaningi ukuthi bakhe imishini yabo ye-Linux ephathwayo. I-NODE ihlanganisa ibhodi le-Raspberry Pi, ikhibhodi ye-QWERTY, isikrini, nebhethri, okuholela ohlotsheni "lwe-terminal ephathekayo" ekuvumela ukuthi uxhumeke nge-SSH, uphequlule iwebhu, noma usebenzise izinsiza ezivamile zokuphatha.
Asikwazi ukukhohlwa i- Nokia N900 , eyakhishwa ngo-2009 futhi isekelwe ku-600 MHz TI OMAP3430. Nakuba yayithengiswa njengeselula, isici sayo esithakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi yayisebenzisa i-Maemo , uhlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-Linux olugxile ngokuphelele ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi kanye nomthombo ovulekile. Kanye namamodeli afana ne-Nokia 770 Internet Tablet, i-N800, kanye ne-N810, yakha umndeni omncane wamadivayisi aphathwayo asenomphakathi osebenzayo nanamuhla, edala ama-mods, i-firmware ehlukile, kanye namathuluzi okuthuthukisa.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, iphrojekthi ye -Neo900 yaklanywa , ifisa ukuba ngumlandeli ongokomoya we-N900. Yagcina i-casing yokuqala kodwa yabuyekeza ihadiwe nge-1 GHz TI DM3730 futhi yengeza izici ezintsha zobumfihlo nokuphepha . Umgomo kwakuwukunikeza idivayisi evulekile, elula ukuyisebenzisa elungele ukusebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux yeselula okuhlukahlukene. Intuthuko yayo ibe nezikhathi ezinhle nezimbi, kodwa lo mbono ubonisa ngokucacile isifiso esinamandla "sefoni ephaketheni" evulekile ngempela.
Emkhakheni wamabhodi angabizi, sithola amaphrojekthi afana ne -PocketC.HIP , ikhompyutha ephaketheni eyenziwe nge-DIY eyakhelwe eduze kwebhodi elidumile le-CHIP elingu-$9. Le divayisi yayihlanganisa i-Allwinner R8 SoC (1 GHz ARM Cortex-A8), ikhibhodi, isikrini, nebhethri, okwakha uhlobo lwekhonsoli/itheminali ephathekayo elungele ukusebenzisa i-Linux nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula. Nakuba iphrojekthi ingazange ifinyelele impumelelo kwezentengiselwano, yasiza ekusakazeni umqondo wokuthi ungakha ikhompyutha yakho encane ngemali encane kakhulu.
Uma sibuyela emuva kancane ngesikhathi, uchungechunge lwe-Sharp Zaurus luvelele , ikakhulukazi amamodeli e-SL-C1000, SL-C3000, SL-C3100, SL-C3200, kanye ne-SL-C860. Lawa madivayisi esitayela se-clamshell, asekelwe kuphrosesa ye-Intel Xscale PXA270 engu-416 MHz, eza ne-Linux efakwe kusengaphambili kanye nekhibhodi ekhululekile ngokumangazayo ngobukhulu bawo. Uchungechunge lwe-Zaurus lwakhuthaza umphakathi oqinile wokuguqula, owathuthukisa ama-ROM enziwe ngokwezifiso, amathuluzi, kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe ukuze uwaguqule abe amakhompyutha amancane angempela angangephakethe.
USharp uphinde wakhipha i -NetWalker PC-Z1 , i-netbook encane eneprosesa ye-Freescale i.MX515 (800 MHz ARM Cortex-A8), isikrini sokuthinta, kanye nekhibhodi egcwele ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngempela. Nakuba ithengiswa kakhulu njenge-"mini netbook" kune-PDA, ubukhulu bayo kanye nesistimu yokusebenza esekelwe ku-Linux kuyibeka ngqo kulesi sigaba samadivayisi angasetshenziswa kokubili ekubhaleni nasekuphatheni uhlelo olukude.
Esinye isiqephu esithakazelisayo yi- Ben NanoNote , ene-XBurst JZ4720 CPU ku-336 MHz. Kokubili ihadiwe nesofthiwe kuyimithombo evulekile, kanti uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisayo yi-OpenWRT, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kuma-router. Le divayisi imelela kahle umqondo womphakathi wabaduni: omncane, ovulekile, obhalwe kahle, futhi oklanyelwe ukuzama i-Linux endaweni enomgoqo omkhulu wezinsizakusebenza, kodwa ewusizo ngokumangalisayo.
Amakhompyutha asephaketheni ashintshiwe ukuze asebenzise i-Linux
Eceleni kwamadivayisi afakwe kusengaphambili ne-Linux, kukhona umndeni wonke wama -UMPC nama-micro-laptop afike ne-Windows noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza , kodwa umphakathi okwazile ukuzivumelanisa ukuze usebenzise ukusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux ngamazinga ahlukahlukene empumelelo. Lokhu kuhilela abashayeli, ukuhambisana kwe-chipset, kanye namahora amaningi okuzama nokwenza amaphutha.
Enye yamamodeli aziwa kakhulu yi- Sony Vaio P , eyakhishwa cishe ngo-2009. Ifakwe amaprosesa e-Intel Atom Z5x0 asukela ku-1,33 kuya ku-2,13 GHz, yayithengiswa njengohlobo "lwencwadi encane" yokunethezeka, ende kakhulu futhi ebushelelezi, enesikrini esibanzi kanye nekhibhodi encane. Nakuba yethulwe nge-Windows, umphakathi ubhale phansi ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-Linux kuyo , kufaka phakathi amanothi okuthi yiziphi izinsiza ezisekela kakhulu nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye eziyinkinga kakhulu (ikhadi lehluzo, ukumiswa, njll.). Empeleni, iyisibonelo esicacile se-laptop encane eguqulwe yaba umshini we-Linux.
Ngokufanayo kukhona i- Fujitsu UH900 , enye i-UMPC ene-Intel Atom Z540 ku-1,86 GHz. Lo modeli wawuyisihloko sokuhlolwa kokufakwa kwe-Linux, yize imiphumela yayingaphelele: izinkinga zabikwa ngokusekelwa kwamanye ama-chipset , kufaka phakathi umsindo namamojula athile okuxhumana. Noma kunjalo, kulabo abajabulela ukulungisa ama-kernel nokuhlanganisa amamojula, kusalokhu kuyinkundla yokudlala ethokozisayo: ukulungisa i-kernel kungenza umehluko omkhulu kule mishini.
Phakathi kwamadivayisi alula kakhulu kwakukhona i -Zipit Z2 , idivayisi encane yokuthumela imiyalezo esheshayo eneprosesa ye-312 MHz XScale PXA270. Nakuba yayihamba kancane futhi inesofthiwe elinganiselwe, umphakathi ukwazile ukudala izithombe ze-firmware ezisekelwe ku-Linux futhi wayiguqula yaba uhlobo lwe-mini pocket terminal. Inkinga enkulu namuhla ukutholakala: iyidivayisi engavamile, okunzima ukuyithola ngaphandle kokusesha izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ezisetshenzisiwe.
Enye imodeli engavamile yiSharp /Willcom D4 , i-UMPC yaseJapan ene-Intel Atom Z520 ku-1,3 GHz. Ulwazi mayelana nale divayisi lukhawulelwe ku-inthanethi, kodwa amavidiyo avele abonisa ukuthi ingakwazi ukuqala i-Linux. Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ngalezi zinhlobo zokuhlola, cishe inokusekelwa okulinganiselwe kwezingxenye ezithile ezifana nomsindo, i-Wi-Fi, noma izici zokonga amandla, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kakhulu kunomshini onokwethenjelwa wokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
Ama -UMID mbooks nawo afanelwe ukukhulunywa ngawo: imodeli ye-m1 (i-Atom Z520 ku-1,3 GHz) kanye ne-BZ (i-Atom Z515 ku-1,2 GHz). Lawa amakhompyutha amancane anekhibhodi ebonakalayo kanye nesikrini sokuphenya, ekuqaleni esakhelwe ukusebenzisa i-Windows. Kuzo zombili izimo, kubikwe ukuthi i-Linux ingafakwa ngemiphumela eyamukelekayo, yize futhi, ukutholakala kulinganiselwe futhi ukuthola amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe aphelele kungaba nzima. Ayizibonelo ezicacile zendlela umphakathi ozimisele ngayo ukuletha i-Linux kunoma iyiphi idivayisi enekhibhodi kanye nesitoreji esithile.
Amaphrojekthi e-DIY: indlela yokudala ikhompyutha yakho ye-Linux ephaketheni
Ngaphandle kwamadivayisi ezentengiselwano, kukhona umkhuba ongenakuvinjelwa: ukwakha ikhompyutha yakho encane nge-Linux usebenzisa ama-microcomputer ohlobo lwe-Raspberry Pi . Lawa mabhodi, alingana nekhadi lesikweletu futhi angabizi kakhulu (cishe ama-€30-40), eza nezixhumi ezibalulekile ze-PC ephelele futhi zikuvumela ukuthi wakhe konke kusukela kumarobhothi kuya kuma-consoles akudala noma izinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya.
Enye yezinhlelo ze-DIY ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu ihilela ukudala ikhompyutha encane, cishe ngobukhulu be-Nintendo DS, kusukela ku-Raspberry Pi 2 noma 3. Umqondo uwukuhlanganisa ibhodi le-Raspberry Pi, isikrini esincane, ikhibhodi ye-QWERTY, kanye nebhethri elishajekayo libe yibhokisi elincane, okuholela kudivayisi ephathekayo engasetshenziswa ukuphequlula iwebhu, ukufunda i-imeyili, ukudlala imidlalo yakudala njenge-Doom, noma ukubuka amavidiyo amafushane ku-YouTube.
Le phrojekthi ethandwa kakhulu nguChris Robinson (NODE) isebenzisa i -Raspberry Pi 2 ene-CPU engu-900 MHz kanye ne-RAM engu-1 GB , kanye namachweba amathathu e-USB, isixhumi se-Ethernet, ikhibhodi ye-QWERTY ekhanyiswe ngemuva, isikrini sokuthinta esingu-3,5-intshi, kanye nebhethri le-clamshell elingu-1000 mAh. Ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-Raspbian (manje eyi-Raspberry Pi OS) ene-window manager elula njenge-i3, efanelekile kuma-screen amancane kanye nehadiwe encane.
Ibhokisi, kulezi zinhlobo zamaphrojekthi, livame ukuba ngesinye sezici zokudala kakhulu. Esibonelweni esithile se-NODE, izimbobo ezimbili ze-hard drive ezingama-intshi angu-2,5 ziyasetshenziswa kabusha , zisikwe futhi zilungiswe ukuze kudalwe uhlobo "lwe-laptop egoqekayo" encane. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukufaka zonke izingxenye kungadinga ukunciphisa usayizi webhodi ngokomzimba (ukulifaka phansi, ukususa izixhumi ezingasetshenziswanga, njll.), ngakho-ke ulwazi oluthile ngamathuluzi okugoqa kanye nokunemba luyanconywa.
Lolu hlobo lwekhompyutha ephathwayo esekwe ku-Linux lungasebenza futhi njengendawo yokusebenza yedeskithophu yesikhashana uma uyixhuma kwimonitha yangaphandle nge-HDMI bese wengeza ikhibhodi negundane okukhululekile. Ngisho nalokhu kuguquguquka, amandla ayo amakhulu yikhono layo lokuhlala isebenza ngokugcwele ngokuzimela, ngesikrini sayo esihlanganisiwe nekhibhodi. Uma ufuna ukusakaza noma ukulingisa isikrini kwenye idivayisi, amathuluzi afana ne -Deskreen enza lokhu kube lula.
Izindleko zala maphrojekthi zivame ukuba cishe yi-€100, okuhlanganisa i-Raspberry Pi, isikrini, ikhibhodi, ibhethri, kanye nekesi. Nokho, umphumela uba yikhompyutha encane ephelele ongayihlela ngendlela oyifisayo kuze kube semininingwaneni yokugcina , isebenzisa i-Linux enkabeni yayo futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ufake noma iyiphi isofthiwe ehambisana ne-ARM: iziphequluli ezilula, amaklayenti e-SSH, abahleli bombhalo, ama-emulator, nokuningi. Ukuze wandise ukusebenza kuhadiwe elinganiselwe, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ufunde ukuphathwa kwememori kanye nokwenza ngcono ku-Linux.
Iziqondiso zephakethe ze-Linux: imiyalo ebalulekile ihlala ikhona
Olunye uhlangothi lwe-“Linux ephaketheni lakho” luyizinkombandlela ezisheshayo zokubhekisela emiyalweni , ngokuvamile ngefomethi encane (incwadi encane noma i-PDF elawulekayo esikrinini) ehambisana nanoma yimuphi umsebenzisi we-Linux, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphatha amaseva noma ufuna nje ukujwayela i-terminal.
Lolu hlobo lomhlahlandlela luvame ukuklanywa kulabo abasebenzisa i-Linux nsuku zonke futhi abafuna ishidi lokukhohlisa eliwusizo, elisebenza kunoma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa. Okuqukethwe kwalo kuhlelwe ukuze kunikeze ijika lokufunda eliqhubekayo: uqala ngokuxhumana kwakho kokuqala nohlelo, uqhubeke nedeskithophu yezithombe, uhlelo lwefayela, kanye negobolondo, bese kusukela lapho ungena ngokujulile ekuphathweni, ekuxhumaneni, kanye nasekuzenzekeleni.
Umhlahlandlela wesikhwama ohlelwe kahle uvame ukufaka izingxenye ezinikezelwe ekutholeni usizo ku-terminal uqobo (imiyalo efana ne-man, info, –help kanye nokunye okufanayo), ukusetshenziswa okuyisisekelo kwendawo enezithombe, isakhiwo sohlelo lwefayela (/, /home, /etc, /var, njll.) kanye nemibono eyisisekelo yegobolondo: imiyalo elula, amapayipi, ukuqondisa kabusha, iziguquguquko kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni komyalo.
Ukusuka lapho, inkambo ivame ukuqhubekela emisebenzini yamafayela: imiyalo yokukopisha, ukuhambisa, ukuqamba kabusha, nokususa (cp, mv, rm), ukudalwa kweziqondisi, ukuzulazula kwendlela (cd, pwd, ls, kanye nezinhlobo), ukubuka okuqukethwe (cat, less, more, head, tail), kanye nokuhlela okuyisisekelo kusetshenziswa abahleli abanjengo-nano, vi/vim, noma okufanayo. Izimvume zamafayela, abanikazi, namaqembu nazo zivame ukuchazwa kafushane, kanye nemiyalo yokuwashintsha (chmod, chown, chgrp), kanye nendlela yokuthola amafayela kusetshenziswa i-find and locate.
Esinye isigaba esijwayelekile sigxile ekushintsheni umbhalo kumafayela . Lokhu kuhilela amathuluzi afana ne-awk, i-sed, kanye ne-m4, kanye nezilimi zokubhala ezidumile njenge-Perl, i-PHP, i-Python, kanye ne-Ruby. Umgomo akukhona ukuhlinzeka ngesifundo sokuhlela esiphelele, kodwa kunalokho ukukhombisa indlela yokuhlanganisa imiyalo ukuze uguqule umbhalo, ukuhlunga imigqa, ukwenza ukushintshwa kwenqwaba, kanye nokukhiqiza imibiko esheshayo kusuka kulayini womyalo.
Ngokuphathelene nokucindezelwa kanye nokupakishwa, umhlahlandlela wephakethe uvame ukumboza imiyalo efana ne-tar, i-gzip, i-bzip2, i-xz, kanye ne-zip/unzip , echaza indlela yokudala nokususa ukucindezela izingobo zomlando, indlela yokuhlanganisa amafayela amaningi abe yiphakheji eyodwa, kanye nendlela yokuwavikela ngokubethela uma kudingeka. Iphinde ifake imiyalo yokuqhathanisa amafayela (diff, cmp), ukuguqula amafomethi, kanye nokuphatha amadokhumenti e-PDF kanye ne-PostScript kusuka ku-terminal.
Kukhona nezigaba ezinikezelwe ekuphathweni komugqa wephrinta kanye nokuphrinta , ukuhlola isipelingi kusuka kulayini womyalo, kanye namathuluzi ahlobene namadiski nezinhlelo zamafayela: ukufaka nokukhipha (ukufaka, umount), ukuhlola ubuqotho, ukwahlukanisa, kanye nezinsiza zokusekela kanye nesitoreji esikude (i-rsync, i-scp, i-tar phezu kwe-SSH, njll.). Konke lokhu kwethulwa ngendlela ehlanganisiwe, ukuze uthole i-syntax oyidingayo ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudinga ukubhekabheka amabhukwana amade.
Isigaba sezinqubo nemisebenzi ehleliwe naso siyisihluthulelo: imiyalo yokufaka ohlwini izinqubo (ps, top, htop), ukuthumela amasignali (kill, killall), ukushintsha izinto eziza kuqala (nice, renice), kanye nokuhlela ukwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile nge-cron kanye ne-at. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanothi avame ukufakwa endleleni yokungena nokuphuma kahle, ukuvala nokuqalisa kabusha uhlelo, kanye nokuphatha izikhathi zabasebenzisi abaningi.
Endaweni yabasebenzisi namaqembu, umhlahlandlela wephakethe uchaza indlela yokuphatha ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi (i-adduser, i-useradd, i-usermod, i-userdel), indlela yokuba yi-superuser (su, sudo), ukuphatha amaqembu (i-groupadd, i-groupmod, i-groupdel), nokwenza ngezifiso indawo yomsebenzisi ngamunye (amafayela okulungiselela kufolda yasekhaya, iziguquguquko zemvelo, njll.). Iphinde ihlanganise ukuthola ulwazi lwesistimu kanye nolwe-host, kanye namathuluzi okuthola idatha mayelana nehadiwe, imemori, i-CPU, kanye nezinsizakalo ezisebenzayo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuxhumana nokuxhumana : ukuthola ama-host, ukuxazulula amagama esizinda, ukuhlola ukuxhumana (i-ping, i-traceroute), ukubuyekeza izixhumi zenethiwekhi, ukumisa ukuxhumana, kanye nokuhlola ama-open port. Kulesi simo, akuvamile ukuthola nokukhulunywa ngamakhasimende e-imeyili asekelwe kumbhalo, iziphequluli zewebhu ezisekelwe ku-console elula, ukufunda amaqembu ezindaba e-Usenet, imiyalezo esheshayo esekelwe ku-terminal, kanye namanye amathuluzi okuxhumana ajwayelekile ezindaweni ze-Unix.
Okokugcina, iziqondiso eziningi zifaka ingxenye "yomsebenzisi wedeskithophu", enemiyalo ehlobene nokukhipha isikrini, izibalo, izinsuku nezikhathi, ihluzo kanye nezilondolozi zesikrini, umsindo, ividiyo, kanye nokufakwa kwesofthiwe . Amakhasi anikezelwe ekudaleni izikripthi zegobolondo, abonisa amaphethini ayisisekelo okwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ibe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe nenkomba ephelele yama-alfabhethi, esebenza njengethuluzi lokusesha okusheshayo lemiyalo kanye nemiqondo.
Amanye amadivayisi athakazelisayo kanye nokukhulunywa okuhloniphekile
Ikhathalogi yamakhompyutha aphathwayo, amafoni angavulwanga, nama-PDA angene kwi-Linux inkulu kakhulu, futhi amaningi awo angene ngqo esigabeni sabaqoqi. Nakuba kungebona bonke abathole ukwesekwa okuqinile kwe-Linux, bayingxenye ebalulekile yomlando wekhompyutha ephathwayo.
Njengamanje, amadivayisi afana ne -GPD WIN , asekelwe ku-1,44 GHz Intel Atom Cherry Trail X5-Z8500, akhethe ukuza ne-Windows 10 efakwe kusengaphambili futhi ahlose imakethe yemidlalo ephathekayo. Nakuba ukwesekwa kwe-Linux kungakhulunywa ngokusemthethweni kwezinye izimo, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele umphakathi ekuzameni ukuwenza asebenzise ukusatshalaliswa okuhlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi kulabo abafuna idivayisi ehlanganisiwe phakathi kwekhonsoli ne-PC ephaketheni.
Uma usesha izimakethe eziku-inthanethi njenge-eBay, i-AliExpress, noma i-Alibaba usebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi "UMPC" noma "ikhompyutha ephaketheni," usengathola amadivayisi angavamile futhi asebenzayo , amaningi anehadiwe encane kodwa angaba amatheminali amancane e-Linux. Inkinga, futhi, ukuntuleka kwamadokhumenti kanye nokusekelwa okulinganiselwe komshayeli, okudinga ucwaningo olukhulu nokwamukela imikhawulo ethile.
Phakathi kokukhulunywa ngakho okuhloniphekile, amadivayisi adumile njenge- Psion Series 5 (1997-1999) ayimfuneko. Njengoba i-ARM710 CPU yayo isebenza ku-18-36 MHz, yayithengiswa njenge-PDA yobungcweti. Nakuba yayingasebenzisi i-Linux ngokungenaphutha, yabeka indinganiso yalokho okufanele kube yikhompyutha ephaketheni, enekhibhodi ekhululekile, i-hinge eqinile, kanye nokuphila kwebhethri okuhle. Abasebenzisi abaningi bayayikhumbula njengeyaphambili kunesikhathi sayo.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe yi- HP 95LX , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Project Jaguar. Yakhishwa ngo-1991, yafaka iprosesa engu-5,37 MHz NEC V20 futhi yayiyikhompyutha yokuqala ephathwayo noma i-PDA ukufaka i-MS-DOS. Nakuba uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza kwakungeyona i-Linux, yabonisa ukuthi indawo ephelele ye-DOS ingathwalwa ephaketheni, ivule indlela yokuhlolwa kwesikhathi esizayo ngezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe kakhulu.
I- HP Jornada 720 , ene-206 MHz StrongARM CPU futhi yakhululwa cishe ngo-2000, yayingenye i-PDA ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi abathuthukile. Kulesi simo, umphakathi ukwazile ukudala izithombe ze-firmware ezisekelwe ku-Linux, okwenza kwaba yidivayisi ekhangayo kakhulu kubaduni kanye nabathandi bomthombo ovulekile. Ikhibhodi yayo ekhululekile kanye nesikrini esikhulu kakhulu kwenze kwaba yindawo efanele yokuhlela umbhalo kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha kude.
Wonke lawa madivayisi, kanye nama-UMPC namabhodi e-motherboard anamuhla, adala indawo engamukela cishe noma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwehadiwe encane kanye nesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile . Kusukela kumafoni kuya kuma-PDA, ama-consoles aphathwayo kuya kumakhompyutha "amathoyizi", umqondo oyinhloko uyafana: ukuze ube nohlelo oluphelele ungalukhipha ephaketheni lakho bese ulusebenzisa noma nini.
Uma ucabanga ukungena kuleli zwe, isu elihle kakhulu ukuhlanganisa idivayisi encane esekelwe ku-Linux (kungaba yezentengiselwano noma ye-DIY) nomhlahlandlela omuhle womyalo olingana nephakethe . Ngaleyo ndlela, uhlala unalo ithuluzi kanye nolwazi oluncane oludingekayo ukuze uliqonde: ungaxhuma kumaseva, wenze imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, uhlole izikripthi, uphequlule iwebhu, noma umane udlale imidlalo, konke kusuka kudivayisi encane ephendula amakhanda noma ngabe uyithatha kuphi.
Ukuvela kwalezi zinhlelo ze-"pocket Linux" kubonisa ukuthi, yize amaphilisi ajwayelekile namafoni anamuhla enamandla kakhulu futhi ecebile ngezici, kusenendawo yamadivayisi namaphrojekthi abeka phambili ukulawula okuphelele komsebenzisi, isofthiwe yamahhala, kanye nekhono lokuzama ngaphandle kwemingcele . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukusindisa i-UMPC endala, ukuthenga okutholakalayo okungavamile ku-inthanethi, noma ukwakha ikhompyutha yakho encane nge-Raspberry Pi, izinketho zokuphatha i-Linux ephaketheni lakho ziphila kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
