- Ama-NPU ku-Windows akhipha imisebenzi ye-AI evela ku-CPU kanye ne-GPU, athuthukisa ukusebenza, impilo yebhethri, kanye nobumfihlo ngokusebenzisa amamodeli ngqo kudivayisi.
- Ama-PC e-Copilot+ asebenzisa i-Windows 11 adinga ama-TOPS angaphezu kuka-40 ku-NPU futhi asebenzisa i-Windows ML kanye ne-ONNX Runtime ukuze asebenzise ngokuzenzakalelayo i-CPU, i-GPU, kanye ne-NPU.
- I-Intel, i-AMD, ne-Qualcomm zihlanganisa ama-NPU asebenza kahle kuma-SoC awo, okuvumela izici ze-AI ezithuthukisiwe zemisebenzi yehhovisi, ubuhlakani, ukuphepha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobungcweti.
- Amathuluzi anjenge-Task Manager, i-WPR, i-WPA, kanye ne-GPUView akuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe-NPU futhi ulungise amamodeli nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze uthole okuningi kuhadiwe.
Ukufika kwama -NPU ku-Windows kushintshe ngokuphelele indlela esisebenzisa ngayo ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kuma-PC. Lokho okwakuncike kakhulu efwini manje sekuqala ukusebenza ngqo kuma-laptop ethu, ama-desktop, nama-PC amancane, kanye nentuthuko enkulu ngesivinini, impilo yebhethri, kanye nobumfihlo. I-Windows 11, ikakhulukazi ngamadivayisi amasha e-Copilot+ kanye nama-processor akamuva avela ku-Intel, AMD, kanye ne-Qualcomm, kuyisisekelo salolu shintsho.
Uma ucabanga ngokuthuthukisa ikhompyutha yakho ezinyangeni ezizayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-NPU, kungani iMicrosoft iyidinga ngezici eziningi ze-AI ezithuthukisiwe ku-Windows 11 , indima yayo kuma-PC e-Copilot+, yiziphi izinhlobo zeprosesa ezifaka phakathi, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela esezivele zisebenzisa le chip entsha. Ake sibheke eduze, ngaphandle kokushaya indlwabu, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kuyazuzisa yini.
Iyini ngempela i-NPU futhi kungani wonke umuntu ekhuluma ngayo manje?
Uma sikhuluma nge-NPU (Neural Processing Unit) kukhompyutha yesimanje, sibhekisela kuphrosesa ekhethekile ekwenzeni imisebenzi yezibalo yamanethiwekhi e-neural kanye namanye ama-algorithms okufunda komshini. Akuhloselwe ukufaka esikhundleni se-CPU noma i-GPU, kodwa kunalokho ukuyigcwalisa ngokuphatha konke okuhlobene ne-AI.
Ngokungafani neyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (i-CPU), eyenzelwe ukwenza imiyalelo enengqondo ngokulandelana, kanye nekhadi lehluzo, eligxile ekubonisweni kwamaphikseli amakhulu, i-NPU yakhelwe kusukela phansi ukuze iphindaphindeke futhi iqoqe ama-matrices ezinombolo ngesivinini esimangalisayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu . Lokhu kuyisisekelo sendlela amamodeli e-AI "acabanga ngayo," kusukela ekubonweni kobuso kuya ekwakhiweni kwezithombe.
Empeleni, singasho ukuthi ama-NPU aba injini ethile yayo yonke imisebenzi ehlakaniphile yesistimu nezinhlelo zokusebenza, kusukela ekufiphaleni kwangemuva kukholi yevidiyo kuya ekubhalweni kwesikhathi sangempela, kufaka phakathi abasizi abanjengoCopilot noma izihlungi zokuhlela ividiyo ezithuthukisiwe.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ukuthi i-AI ingasebenza ngqo kudivayisi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthumela idatha kumaseva akude. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ubumfihlo, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka, futhi kukhipha umsebenzi ku-CPU kanye ne-GPU , kubakhulule kweminye imisebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi abaningi baklama lawa mayunithi ukuze asebenze ngamafomethi anokunemba okuphansi njenge-INT8 esikhundleni se-FP32. Njengoba kungadingi ukunemba okukhulu kwezibalo ukuze kwenziwe izibikezelo ezinembile, i-NPU ingonga inani elikhulu lamandla ngokuqagela ngakunye , okubaluleke kakhulu kuma-laptops nama-PC amancane.
I-CPU, i-GPU kanye ne-NPU: unxantathu we-SoC yesimanje
Amaprosesa asetshenziswa kumadivayisi esimanje e-Windows 11 ngokuvamile asebenzisa indlela ye-System-on-a-Chip (SoC), lapho i-CPU, i-GPU, ne-NPU kuhlanganiswe khona ku-chip efanayo ye-silicon . Lokhu kusondelana ngokomzimba kubavumela ukuthi babelane nge-RAM yesistimu futhi badlulisele imisebenzi phakathi kwabo ngaphandle kwezingqinamba ezibalulekile.
Kulo nxantathu, i-CPU isebenza njengobuchopho obulawulayo, i-GPU iphatha ukucubungula okukhulu okuhambisanayo kwezithombe, kanti i-NPU igxile ngokuphelele ekufundeni komshini kanye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yezinzwa . Ngayinye inendawo yayo yobuchwepheshe, kanti i-Windows 11 inquma ukuthi yini eya kuphi ngokusekelwe kumthwalo womsebenzi.
Uma uhlelo ludinga ukusebenzisa imiphumela yevidiyo, ukwenza ukuhumusha kwenkulumo ngesikhathi sangempela, noma ukusebenzisa imodeli ye-ONNX AI, i-Windows 11 ihlaziya ihadiwe etholakalayo futhi, uma ithola i-NPU, iqondisa leyo misebenzi kuyo ukuze kufezwe ibhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla . Uma, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, i-NPU ingatholakali, i-GPU noma, ekugcineni, i-CPU ithatha izintambo.
Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi okuhlakaniphile kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-laptop amancane, ama-PC amancane, kanye nawo wonke umuntu, lapho ukuphathwa kokushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kubalulekile khona (bheka izifundo zethu zehadiwe ye-laptop ). Ukulayisha umsebenzi we-AI oqhubekayo ku-NPU kuvimbela i-CPU ekushiseni ngokweqile futhi kudingeke ukuthi ilawule imvamisa yayo , ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe ukushelela kwesistimu iyonke.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kahle, i-GPU evamile ingasebenzisa amashumi ama-watts ukusebenzisa ama-algorithm e-AI anobunzima obuthile, kuyilapho i-NPU ingenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu , okukuvumela ukuthi wandise kalula impilo yebhethri ngo-15% kuya ku-20% ezimweni ze-AI eziqinile.
I-NPU ne-Windows 11: indima yama-PC e-Copilot+
I-Microsoft ihambe ibanga elide ngokwethulwa kwama -PC e-Copilot+, uhlobo olusha lwamakhompyutha e-Windows 11 aklanyelwe ukwenza i-AI ingabi yinto eyengeziwe, kodwa into ehlanganiswe empilweni yansuku zonke yomsebenzisi. Le mishini ihlukaniswa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokuba ne-NPU esebenza kahle kakhulu ekwazi ukudlula ama-TOPS angu-40 (i-Tera Operations Per Second).
Lesi sidingo sama-TOPS angaphezu kuka-40 asiyona into exakile: izici eziningi ezintsha ze-AI ze-Windows 11, kokubili emazingeni esistimu kanye nohlelo lokusebenza, zidinga lelo zinga lamandla aqhubekayo ukuze zilethe ukuhumusha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukwenziwa kwezithombe, imiphumela yevidiyo, kanye nabasizi abahlakaniphile ngaphandle kokujezisa impilo yebhethri noma ukwenziwa kweminye imisebenzi.
Empeleni, i-Copilot+ PC iklanyelwe ukunikeza impilo yebhethri usuku lonke, okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-AI okutholakala njalo, kanye nokufinyelela okuqondile kumamodeli nezici ze-AI ezithuthuke kakhulu ze-Microsoft. Umqondo uwukuthi ungasebenzisa i-Copilot ukukusiza ukuthi usebenze, utadishe, noma udale ngaphandle kokuthembela kakhulu efwini.
Lezi zinhlelo zithembele kumaprosesa esizukulwane esilandelayo avela ku-Qualcomm (njengomndeni we-Snapdragon X Elite), i-AMD (njenge-Ryzen AI yakamuva), kanye ne-Intel (i-Core Ultra kanye nabalandelayo) — ukuze uqhathanise izinketho, bheka ukulingana kwamaprosesa e-Intel kanye ne-AMD . Zonke zabelana ngomqondo wokuhlanganisa izinjini ezintathu zokucubungula: i-CPU, i-GPU, kanye ne-NPU , ukuze i-Windows 11 ikwazi ukusabalalisa umthwalo womsebenzi kahle kakhulu.
Ipulatifomu ye-Windows 11 ngokwayo ilungiselela ukusizakala ngala makhono ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele, njengemiphumela yocingo lwevidiyo ethuthukisiwe, ukuhlela amadokhumenti ngobuhlakani, abasizi abafingqa okuqukethwe kwendawo , kanye nezici zokudala ezithembele ku-AI ngaphandle kokuthumela idatha njalo efwini.
I-chip ye-Snapdragon X Elite kanye nokubheja kwe-Qualcomm
Enye yezingxenye ezibalulekile kwi-Copilot+ PC yi- chip ye-Snapdragon X Elite, esekelwe kusakhiwo se-Arm futhi yathuthukiswa yi-Qualcomm. Le processor yaklanywa ngomqondo wokuhlanganiswa kwe-AI, ifaka i-NPU enamandla kakhulu futhi eyonga amandla kakhulu.
I-Snapdragon X Elite's NPU ingacubungula idatha enkulu ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifinyelele amashumi ezigidigidi zemisebenzi ngomzuzwana , ivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi edinga i-AI efana nokuhumusha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthuthukisa isithombe, noma ukuhlaziya ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kokuqeda ibhethri ngokushesha.
I-Windows 11 ixhumanisa umsebenzi ohlangene we-CPU, i-GPU, ne-NPU kulawa madivayisi. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, uhlelo lunquma ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye efaneleka kakhulu emsebenzini ngamunye, lufuna ibhalansi efanele phakathi kwesivinini, ukuphendula, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla . Lokhu kuphumela kuma-laptops amancane kakhulu futhi alula anebhethri elisebenza usuku lonke kanye nesipiliyoni se-AI esisebenzayo njalo.
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi kwe-AI kuma-PC e-Copilot+ kungasebenza ngqo kudivayisi uqobo: kusukela kuzici ze-Windows 11 kuya kumathuluzi ezinkampani zangaphandle alungiselelwe i-NPU . Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthembela ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwedatha.
I-Qualcomm iphinde inikeze izinsiza ezithile zonjiniyela nge-Qualcomm AI Hub yayo, lapho ungathola khona amamodeli asevele elungiselelwe futhi aqinisekisiwe kula ma-NPU , alungele ukusebenza kahle kumadivayisi e-Copilot+ ane-Snapdragon X Elite.
Indlela iWindows ethola futhi isebenzise ngayo i-NPU kubuhlakani bokwenziwa
I-NPU, njenganoma iyiphi enye insiza yehadiwe ku-PC, idinga uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze yazi ukuthi ingaxhumana kanjani nayo futhi isebenzise amandla ayo . I-Microsoft ibilokhu ilungisa indlela yokufinyelela lawa mayunithi, futhi okwamanje isincomo ukusebenzisa i-Windows Machine Learning (WinML noma i-WinML) njengendlela eyinhloko.
Isikhathi esithile, i-DirectML yayiyindlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza ngokusheshisa i-AI ku-Windows, kodwa manje i-WinML isithathe indawo ephambili . Lolu shintsho luhlose ukwenza lula impilo yonjiniyela futhi luvumele izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi zisebenzise i-NPU kanye ne-GPU kalula ngangokunokwenzeka, kokubili kuma-PC e-Copilot+ nakwamanye amadivayisi ane-Intel noma i-AMD NPU.
Nge-Windows ML, uhlelo lubona ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-Execution Providers (ama-EP) ahambisana nehadiwe yedivayisi. Esikhundleni sokuba unjiniyela afake ngesandla imitapo yolwazi eqondene nomkhiqizi, i-Windows ilanda futhi iphathe la ma-EP ngendlela ehlanganisiwe ngokusebenzisa uhlelo ngokwalo noma i-Windows Update.
Empeleni, i-Windows ML isasebenzisa i-ONNX Runtime njengenjini yayo yokucabanga, kodwa ifihla ubunzima obukhulu bokuphatha abathengisi behadiwe abahlukene kunjiniyela . I-Microsoft isebenzisana ngqo ne-Qualcomm, i-Intel, i-AMD, kanye nabanye ozakwethu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-EP abuyekeziwe futhi alungiselelwe ayatholakala esizukulwaneni ngasinye esisha se-silicon.
Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa imodeli ye-AI lusebenzisa i-Windows ML kwi-PC ene-NPU, inqubo iyazenzakalela: I-WinML ihlola ukuthi yimaphi ama-accelerator atholakalayo, ikhethe i-EP esebenza kahle kakhulu (i-QNN yama-Qualcomm NPU, i-OpenVINO yamapulatifomu e-Intel, njll.), iyayilayisha, bese iqala ukuqagela. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ishintshela ku-GPU noma ku-CPU ngaphandle kokungenelela komsebenzisi.
Amafomethi emodeli, ukulinganisa, kanye namathuluzi onjiniyela
Amamodeli e-AI avame ukuqeqeshwa ekuqaleni kumafomethi anembe kakhulu njenge-FP32, kodwa ama-NPU abathengi avame ukusebenza kangcono ngezithombe ezincane njenge-INT8 ukuze afinyelele ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amamodeli kumele aguqulwe noma alinganiswe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-NPU. Amamodeli amaningi atholakala elungele ukusetshenziswa ngefomethi ye-ONNX elungiselelwe, kodwa labo abafuna ukuletha imodeli yabo (BYOM) bangasebenzisa ama-toolchain athile ukuze bayivumelanise nehadiwe.
Phakathi kwezinsiza ezithakazelisa kakhulu yi- Qualcomm AI Hub , enikeza amamodeli aqinisekisiwe futhi alungiselelwe ukusebenza kuma-PC e-Copilot+ anama-processor e-Snapdragon X Elite. Kufakwe ne- ONNX Model Zoo edumile , indawo yokugcina amamodeli aqeqeshwe kusengaphambili, avulekile alungele ukusebenza kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene asebenzisa i-NPU, kufaka phakathi lawo avela ku-Intel kanye ne-AMD.
Ukuze ithuthukise amamodeli ayo, iMicrosoft itusa ukusebenzisa i-Olive, ithuluzi elihlangana ne-ONNX Runtime ukuphatha ukucindezelwa, ukwenza ngcono, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuqondiswe kwi-NPU . Le nhlanganisela ivumela ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu ngehadiwe efanayo, okubaluleke kakhulu kuma-laptop lapho i-watt ngayinye ibalwa khona.
Lonke lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwenza kube lula kakhulu kubathuthukisi ukugxila kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi futhi bashiye ukuhlanganiswa kwehadiwe okuphansi ku-Windows ML, i-ONNX Runtime, namathuluzi ahlobene , lapho izinkinga zokuhambisana nokugcinwa zazivame ukuvela khona.
Indlela yokukala ukusebenza kwangempela kwe-NPU ku-Windows
Uma uhlanganisa izici ze-AI kuhlelo lokusebenza, kubalulekile ukukala ukusebenza kwangempela kwamamodeli ku-NPU nokuqonda okwenzekayo ngaphakathi kohlelo. I-Windows inikeza amathuluzi amaningana okuxilonga nokulandelela ukwenza lokhu ngemininingwane eminingi.
Iphuzu lokuqala lokubhekisela kulo, elifinyeleleka kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi, yi- Windows 11 Task Manager . Kuthebhu ethi "Ukusebenza", kunesigaba esithile se-NPU eceleni kwe-CPU, imemori, idiski, i-Wi-Fi, ne-GPU. Lapho ungabona iphesenti lokusetshenziswa, inguqulo yomshayeli, kanye nolunye ulwazi olufanele.
Kwabathuthukisi nabasebenzisi abathuthukile, amanye amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu ayasetshenziswa, njenge -Windows Performance Recorder (WPR) , manje ehlanganisa iphrofayili yokucubungula imizwa yokurekhoda umsebenzi we-NPU, kanye ne -Windows Performance Analyzer (WPA) , ekuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye lawo marekhoda.
I-WPR ikhiqiza imikhondo eningiliziwe yokuthi uhlelo lusebenzisana kanjani ne-NPU ngokusebenzisa imodeli yomshayeli we-MCDM ye-Microsoft. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-WPA ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke amagrafu nezikhathi ezibonisa i-CPU, idiski, inethiwekhi, imicimbi ye-ONNX Runtime, kanye nethebula le-NPU elizinikele , konke kusikhathi esifanayo.
Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola izici ezifana nomsebenzi, isikhathi sokulayisha imodeli, ukudalwa kweseshini yokuphetha, amapharamitha wokucushwa komhlinzeki wokwenza, isikhathi sokuphetha ngakunye, kanye nephrofayili yomqhubi ngamunye ngaphakathi kwemodeli ye-AI. Ngisho nezilinganiso ze-NPU sub-hardware, njenge-bandwidth yememori, zingabonakala.
Amathuluzi engeziwe: i-GPUView, i-ONNX Runtime, namaphrofayili ehadiwe
Ngaphezu kwe-WPR kanye ne-WPA, i-Windows ecosystem inikeza ezinye izinsiza ezisiza ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi i-NPU yenzani lapho isebenzisa amamodeli e-AI . Enye yalezi yi-GPUView, ithuluzi elifunda imicimbi eqoshwe kumafayela okulandelela (.etl) bese liyibonisa ngokubonakalayo.
I-GPUView manje ingabonisi imisebenzi ye-GPU kuphela, kodwa futhi nomsebenzi we-NPU kanye nemicimbi ye-DirectX ehlotshaniswa namadivayisi e-MCDM . Lokhu kuyasiza ekuboneni ukuthi umthwalo womsebenzi usatshalaliswa kanjani ngempela phakathi kwe-GPU ne-NPU lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa kakhulu i-AI kanye nehluzo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ONNX Runtime, eqala ngenguqulo 1.17 kanye nokuthuthukiswa ku-1.18.1, ikhipha imicimbi yesikhathi sokusebenza engathathwa futhi ibonwe ngeso lengqondo nge-WPA . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi imodeli ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukulayisha, ukuthi yikuphi ukucushwa kwe-EP okusetshenziswayo, ukuthi iziphetho ku-NPU (isb., i-QNN) ziziphatha kanjani, nokuthi umqhubi ngamunye usebenzisa isikhathi esingakanani ngaphakathi kwemodeli.
Abathuthukisi bangahlanganisa amaphrofayili athile e-ONNX Runtime namanye amaphrofayili e-WPR (i-CPU, idiski, njll.) ukuze bathole isithombe esinembile sokuthi isikhathi sichithwa kuphi nokuthi bangasithuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza . Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi ezinkampani zangaphandle afana ne-Qualcomm Snapdragon Profiler (qprof) anikeza umbono wohlelo lonke futhi anikeze izilinganiso ze-NPU ezinemininingwane eminingi kumapulatifomu e-Snapdragon.
Ngale sethi yezinsizakusebenza, akunakwenzeka nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-NPU iyasebenza, kodwa futhi nokuthola izithiyo, ukubambezeleka okungalindelekile, noma ukucushwa okungaphansi kwalokho okufanelekile bese kulungiswa ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle ihadiwe etholakalayo.
Ungabona kanjani ukuthi i-PC yakho ye-Windows ine-NPU nokuthi isebenzisela ini ukuzuza kuyo
Kubasebenzisi bokugcina, umbuzo ojwayelekile uwukuthi: ingabe ikhompyutha yami inayo ngempela i-NPU futhi ingabe i-Windows iyayisebenzisa? Indlela elula yokuhlola ukuvula i-Task Manager (Ctrl+Shift+Esc), iya kuthebhu ethi “Performance”, bese ubheka ingxenye ebhalwe ukuthi “NPU”.
Uma kuvela igrafu ye-NPU ezinikele, kusho ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho inale processor ekhethekile. Ukusuka lapho, ungabona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa izinsiza ze-NPU kuthebhu ethi "Izinqubo" noma uhlole ngokujulile ngamathuluzi athuthukile ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe okwengeziwe. Uma kungaveli, kungaba usizo ukuhlola ukucushwa kwesistimu ye-PC yakho kanye nezilungiselelo ze-BIOS noma ze-UEFI ukuqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwe-firmware noma ukwesekwa kwe-accelerator.
Ukuba khona kwama-NPU kuya ngokuya kuvama kumakhompyutha anamuhla, ikakhulukazi kuma-laptop aqinisekiswe njenge-Copilot+ PC kanye nalawo ahlanganisa isizukulwane sakamuva sama-processor avela ku-AMD, Intel, noma i-Qualcomm. Abakhiqizi bafaka lawa mayunithi njengengxenye ejwayelekile yehadiwe, njengoba nje ama-GPU ake ahlanganiswa kuma-processor ngokwawo.
Ezimweni eziningi, umsebenzisi uqala ukuqaphela izinzuzo ngaphandle kokudinga ukushintsha noma yini endleleni asebenza ngayo: izingcingo zevidiyo ezicacile, imiphumela esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kokulibala, impilo yebhethri ende uma usebenzisa izici ezihlakaniphile, kanye nomuzwa wokuguquguquka ngisho nemisebenzi eminingana isebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Kulabo abanesifiso sobuchwepheshe, amathuluzi okulandelela i-Windows akuvumela ukuthi wazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezifaka umsebenzi ku-NPU nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokusebenzisa , into ewusizo kakhulu uma uhlola isofthiwe entsha noma uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa ngempela ihadiwe.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela ezivele zisebenzisa i-NPU ku-Windows
Ngaphandle kwenkolelo-mbono, okuthakazelisayo ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zansuku zonke ezisebenzisa i-NPU ku-Windows . Uhlu lukhula inyanga nenyanga, kodwa amagama amaningana adumile aseqalile ukuthembela kule chip ukusheshisa imisebenzi yawo ye-AI.
Ezweni lokuhlela izithombe, i-Adobe Photoshop iyisibonelo esihle. Amathuluzi asebenzisa i-AI njengokukhetha izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukususa ingemuva, kanye nokunciphisa umsindo ngesikhathi sangempela kungasebenza ngokushesha kakhulu uma i-PC ine-NPU, okukhulula i-GPU kweminye imisebenzi yokudweba.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, i-Norton Antivirus ifake izici ezisebenzisa i-AI ezisebenzisa i-NPU ukuthola imizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kanye nokukhwabanisa kumawebhusayithi ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenza ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela kusheshe ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile i-CPU noma ukunciphisa ijubane lesistimu.
Ngokuklama nokuqukethwe okubonakalayo, amapulatifomu afana ne -Canva abelokhu enezela amathuluzi okukhiqiza nokuhlela anamandla kakhulu asebenzisa i-AI. Eziningi zalezi zici zingasheshiswa ngehadiwe yendawo uma i-NPU itholakala, okunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda lapho kusetshenziswa izihlungi, izizinda zokukhiqiza, noma ukulungiswa okuhlakaniphile.
Ukuze kuhlelwe ividiyo, i-DaVinci Resolve Studio iphinde ihlanganise amathuluzi azuza ekusheshisweni kwe-AI yendawo, njengokunciphisa umsindo, ukuqashelwa kobuso, ukwenza uzimele okuzenzakalelayo, nezinye izici ezithuthukisiwe. Ukunikeza le misebenzi kwi-NPU kuphumela ekuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlela okubushelelezi kanye nezikhathi ezimfushane zokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingeni lesistimu yokusebenza, i-Windows Studio Effects, i-Copilot, nezinye izici ze-Windows 11 zisebenzisa i-NPU ukuze zisebenzise imiphumela yevidiyo, ukuhlukaniswa kwenkulumo, noma abasizi bomongo ngesikhathi sangempela, okugcina i-CPU igxile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zokukhiqiza umsebenzisi anazo zivulekile.
Ama-NPU emakethe: i-Intel, i-AMD, i-Qualcomm kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-PC e-AI
Ukwamukelwa kwama-NPU kuma-PC akuyona into eyenzeka ngokuzimela: konke kubonisa ukuthi sibona ushintsho oluyisisekelo olufana nokushintshela kuma-SSD noma ukuhlanganiswa kwama-GPU kuma-processor . Izinkampani zokuhlaziya ezifana ne-IDC zilinganisela ukuthi, ngo-2025, amadivayisi omuntu siqu angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 (ama-laptop, amaphilisi, nama-desktop) azokhishwa ngama-NPU ahlanganisiwe.
Kulesi simo, abadlali abathathu abayinhloko abatshala imali kakhulu ku-AI yendabuko yama-PC yi- AMD, i-Intel, ne-Qualcomm . Ngayinye inendlela yayo, kodwa yonke inomgomo ofanayo: ukuvumela i-AI ukuthi isebenze ngqo kwihadiwe yomsebenzisi, ngokushesha, ngempumelelo, nangasese.
Isibonelo, i-AMD yethule imindeni ye-Ryzen AI Max Series kanye ne-Ryzen AI 300 , enezakhiwo ezifana ne-Zen 5 kanye ne-XDNA 2. Amamodeli athuthuke kakhulu anikeza ukusebenza kwe-AI okungafika ku-55 TOPS, ephindaphinda ukusebenza kwesizukulwane esidlule ngamaphuzu amahlanu futhi evumela izici zefomu ezinamandla kakhulu eziphathekayo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezakhiwo zabo, ungafunda nge- AMD RDNA 5 kanye ne-uDNA.
Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlu, amaprosesa afana ne- AMD Ryzen AI 9 HX 370 avelele , i-NPU yawo efinyelela ku-50 TOPS futhi idlula umkhawulo omncane we-Copilot+ PC ngo-25%, njengoba kunjalo ne- Ryzen AI 395+ , enikeza ukusebenza kwe-AI okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kumamodeli endawo adingayo. Ngenxa yendlela yawo yokuhamba kwedatha yendawo, lawa ma-chip ahambisa idatha phakathi kwamayunithi e-MAC ngaphandle kokufinyelela i-RAM njalo, ngaleyo ndlela anciphisa ukubambezeleka nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
I-Intel, yona, ikwenze kwacaca ukuthi i-AI isenhliziyweni yohlelo lwayo: umgomo wayo ukuthumela amaprosesa angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 anezisheshisi ze-AI ezizinikele eminyakeni embalwa, ifinyelele ukusebenza okuhlangene okufika ku-120 TOPS futhi isekele imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-500 esekelwe ku-AI ngokusekelwa yi-ecosystem yamakhulu abathuthukisi besofthiwe abazimele. Ukuze ulandele ukuvela kwama-chip ayo, hlola izindaba zethu zakamuva kumaprosesa e-Intel.
Ngokuphathelene ne-Qualcomm, amapulatifomu ayo e-Snapdragon X Elite PC abe ngenye yezinsika zama-PC e-Copilot+, okuhlanganisa imodeli lapho i-CPU, i-GPU kanye ne-NPU zihlala ndawonye ku-SoC esebenza kahle kakhulu, efanelekile kuma-laptops amancane kakhulu anamahora amaningi okuphila kwebhethri kanye namakhono e-AI atholakala njalo.
Izinzuzo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zabasebenzisi: kusukela ezenzakalelayo zehhovisi kuya ku-AI yendawo
Umbuzo omkhulu kwabaningi uthi: yini engiyitholayo empilweni yami yansuku zonke nge-NPU ku-Windows? Impendulo incike ohlotsheni lokusetshenziswa, kodwa cishe bonke abasebenzisi abavamile bayazuza ngandlela thile.
Kwabasebenzi basehhovisi, i-NPU ivumela izici ezifana nemiphumela ye-Windows Studio kumakholi wevidiyo (ukufiphala kwangemuva, ukugxila okuzenzakalelayo, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhanya, ukuhlukaniswa kwezwi) ukuthi zisebenze ngaphandle kokucindezela i-CPU. Lokhu kukhulula isikhala esengeziwe sokusingatha amaspredishithi asindayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zokukhiqiza ezivulekile, kanye nokuphequlula iwebhu okujulile ngaphandle kokuthi ikhompyutha yehlise ijubane.
Abafundi namaqembu asatshalaliswe bangasebenzisa ukuhumusha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukubhalwa komsindo okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nabasizi abasiza ngezifinyezo zedokhumenti, ngisho nasezimweni ezinokuxhumana okulinganiselwe. I-AI yendawo isusa ingxenye enkulu yokubambezeleka futhi ithuthukise ulwazi emihlanganweni yamazwe ngamazwe.
Ochwepheshe bokudala, kokubili kwezithombe namavidiyo, bayazuza ezihlungini ezisheshisiwe ze-NPU, ukuqashelwa kwezindawo, imaski ehlakaniphile, kanye nokugcwalisa okusheshayo , okunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda lapho kuhlelwa futhi kuthunyelwa amaphrojekthi kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu emisebenzini enzima.
Okokugcina, abasebenzisi abafuna ukusebenzisa amamodeli e-AI endaweni kuma-PC abo (isibonelo, ukugwema ukulayisha idatha ebucayi efwini) bathola ingxenye engekho ku-NPU. Ukucubungula iziphetho kudivayisi ngokwayo kuvikela ubumfihlo, kuqeda ukuncika kokuxhumeka, futhi kunganikeza izikhathi zokuphendula ezincintisana kakhulu zemisebenzi efana nama-chatbot endawo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamadokhumenti, noma ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe.
Kuzo zonke izimo, into efanayo ukuthi i-NPU ivumela i-AI ukuthi iyeke ukuba yinto ekude esebenza kuphela uma uxhumekile, futhi isebenze njengekhono lendabuko le-PC, elihlala litholakala futhi elivumelaniswe nalokho okwenzayo , kusukela kokulula kuya kokuthuthukile kakhulu.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-NPU, ukusebenza, kanye nobumfihlo ku-Windows
Umbuzo ovamile ukuthi i-NPU ihluke kanjani ngempela ekhadini lemidwebo lendabuko . Nakuba i-GPU ingasebenzisa amamodeli e-AI, yenzelwe kakhulu imidwebo, kuyilapho i-NPU yenzelwe kuphela ukusheshisa amanethiwekhi ezinzwa kanye nemisebenzi yokufunda komshini. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ikhulule kokubili i-CPU kanye ne-GPU emisebenzini ephindaphindayo ye-AI ngenkathi isebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu.
Enye inkinga ebalulekile ukuthi ithuthukisa kanjani ubumfihlo. Ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-AI endaweni, i-NPU ikuvimbela ukuthi ungathumeli idatha yomuntu siqu efwini njalo . Kulabo abasebenza ngolwazi olubucayi (izintatheli, abameli, odokotela, izinkampani ezinedatha ebalulekile) noma abamane bazise ubumfihlo babo, lokhu kwenza umehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthembela ngokuphelele kumasevisi akude.
Ngokuphathelene nokudlala imidlalo, i-NPU ayithathi indawo ye-GPU, kodwa ingasiza ngokungaqondile ezimweni ezithile . Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-AMD FidelityFX Super Resolution busebenzisa i-AI ukukhulisa isithombe nokuthuthukisa izinga lohlaka (noma i-Nvidia's DLSS 5 ). Uma ingxenye yalolo calculation yenziwa yi-NPU, i-GPU ingagxila ekunikezeni okumsulwa, okuhunyushwa kwezinye izihloko ekusebenzeni okulinganiselayo okuphelele.
Kunengqondo futhi ukuzibuza ukuthi i-AI ehlanganiswe nesofthiwe ye-antivirus, abasizi, noma amathuluzi okukhiqiza "izohlola" kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukucubungula kwendawo ku-NPU kuvumela okuphambene nalokho : lapho kwenziwa okuningi kudivayisi uqobo, kulapho idatha encane okufanele ihambe iye kumaseva angaphandle, kunciphisa indawo yokuhlasela. Nokho, kuhlale kunconywa ukuthi ubuyekeze inqubomgomo yobumfihlo yohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye.
Umuzwa ojwayelekile, kokubili phakathi kwabakhiqizi nabahlaziyi, ukuthi ama-NPU nama-AI PC akuyona into edlulayo, kodwa isinyathelo esilandelayo esinengqondo ekuguqukeni kwama-PC , njengoba nje ama-processor amaningi kanye nesitoreji se-SSD kwakunjalo ngesikhathi sawo. Sisesezigabeni zokuqala, kodwa lokho esikubonayo kakade emakethe kusikisela ukuthi, eminyakeni embalwa nje, ama-NPU azoba yinto evamile njengama-GPU ahlanganisiwe.
Konke lokhu kuhambela kuma-NPU ku-Windows kwakha isisekelo esiqinile se-AI ukuze isuke ekubeni yisevisi yamafu ehlukanisiwe iye kukhono elijwayelekile lekhompyutha yomuntu siqu, okwenza kube lula ngamakhompyutha asheshayo, asebenza kahle, nangasese ajwayeleke kangcono ngendlela esisebenza ngayo, esifunda ngayo, futhi esidala ngayo okuqukethwe nsuku zonke.
