- I-Intel idlula esigabeni esibucayi esiphawulwa ukuntuleka kwamaprosesa, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwangaphakathi, kanye nengcindezi enamandla yokuncintisana kubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
- Ukulinganiselwa komthamo kuma-node e-Intel 10 kanye ne-Intel 7 kuthinta imigqa yemikhiqizo efana ne-Raptor Lake Refresh kanye ne-Emerald Rapids, kuyilapho imindeni emisha ithembele kakhulu ku-TSMC.
- Izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nohulumeni bathathe izikhundla zamasu ku-Intel nakwamanye abakhiqizi be-chip, beqhuba ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyizigidi zamaRandi futhi beqinisa isimo sezepolitiki salo mkhakha.
- Imakethe ye-PC kanye ne-data center iqhubekela phambili emishinini enamakhono e-AI, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani e-RAM kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu ku-supply chain yomhlaba wonke ye-semiconductor.
Kuze kube manje ngo-2025, abathandi behadiwe abangaphezu koyedwa bashaqekile ngamanani: ukuthuthukisa i-PC noma ukushintsha iprosesa ye-Intel sekubize kakhulu . Enye yezimbangela yi-RAM, ingxenye eyisisekelo yanoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, ezindleko zayo ziphindwe kabili noma kathathu ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje, okunciphisa isabelomali salabo abahlela ukwakha noma ukuthuthukisa imishini yabo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhlaba we-semiconductor ubhekene nokuzamazama komhlaba okungokoqobo: I-Intel idlula esigabeni esinqumayo , esiphawulwa ukuhlelwa kabusha kwangaphakathi, ukubambisana nezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe, ingcindezi yobuhlakani bokwenziwa, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukushoda kweprosesa okusongela ukuqhubeka isikhathi esiningi sonyaka ozayo. Konke lokhu ngenkathi iNvidia, i-TSMC, kanye nabanye abadlali benza izinyathelo zabo ebhodini le-chess lomhlaba wonke lokutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi eziningi kanye nezinqumo zezepolitiki ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Umongo: Kungani kukhulunywa kakhulu ngamaprosesa e-Intel?
Enkabeni yesiphepho kukhona i-Intel, umkhiqizi wama-chip omlando owayehola ngokungangabazeki kuma -microprocessor ama-PC namaseva amashumi eminyaka . Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukwanda kwe-Nvidia ne-AMD, kanye nezinguquko kuchungechunge lokunikezwa kwempahla kuye kwaletha inkampani inselele enkulu: ukubuyisa indawo elahlekile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nemakethe lapho isidingo samandla ekhompyutha sikhuphuka khona.
Okwamanje, intengo yezingxenye ezibalulekile njenge-RAM ikhuphuke kakhulu , okwenza kube nzima ukuthuthukisa amakhompyutha omuntu siqu nawochwepheshe. Kunoma ubani ocabanga ukushintsha iprosesa yakhe ye-Intel noma ikhompyutha yonke, isimo sibiza kakhulu futhi siyinkimbinkimbi kunaseminyakeni embalwa edlule, lapho kunezinto ezivimbelayo zokukhiqiza kanye noshintsho lwamasu oluthinta yonke into kusukela kuma-PC asekhaya kuya ezikhungweni zedatha zezinkampani ezinkulu.
Emakethe yamasheya, izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ezigxile kuma-chip—i-Nvidia, i-Intel, i-IBM, i-Alphabet, i-Meta, i-Adobe, phakathi kwezinye—zibandakanyeke ezivumelwaneni zezigidigidi zamadola ezikhuthazwa ukwanda kwe-AI . Ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuthengwa kwezitebhisi, izivumelwano zokuhlinzeka, kanye nokubambisana kwezinkampani ezahlukene kushintsha isimo semboni, kanti i-Intel ingenye yamagama aqashelwa kakhulu ngabahlaziyi kanye nabatshalizimali.
Ngaphakathi kwalesi simo, imibiko eminingi yezindaba igxile endleleni iNvidia ethole ngayo amasheya abalulekile ezinkampanini ezisunguliwe njenge-Intel , ngezinye izikhathi ngokubambisana nezimali ezifana neSoftBank noma ngisho nokusekelwa okuqondile kukahulumeni wase-US. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyathelo azigcini nje ngokuba nomthelela wezezimali kodwa futhi zikhawulela ikhono le-Intel lokutshala imali emafektri amasha, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu.
Okwamanje, izimakethe zezimali zibheka imiphumela yabakhiqizi abakhulu be-chip cishe njengokungathi ziyizinkomba zezomnotho omkhulu. Imibiko yenzuzo yalezi zinkampani yekota isibe yimicimbi emikhulu , ekwazi ukushintsha izigidigidi zemali yemakethe ngamahora ambalwa, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwesu kwama-semiconductor emnothweni womhlaba.
Abalingani, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye nendima yeNvidia, iSoftBank, kanye nezinye iziqhwaga
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nokwanda kwezivumelwano lapho izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zithenge khona amasheya kubakhiqizi bama-chip . I-Nvidia, ikakhulukazi, ivele njengomdlali obalulekile, hhayi nje ngokuhola imakethe yama-chip e-AI kodwa futhi nangokuba yingxenye yezinkampani ze-semiconductor ezisunguliwe, okuhlanganisa ne-Intel.
Phakathi kwezivumelwano eziphawuleka kakhulu yizivumelwano zeNvidia nezinkampani ezifana ne-Intel, i-Nokia, i-Oracle, i-Microsoft, i-AMD, i-CoreWeave, i-TikTok, kanye nezinkampani ezintsha ezahlukahlukene ezixhumene ne-Elon Musk. Lokhu kubambisana kuhlose ukuvikela ukutholakala kwama-chip athuthukile , ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, kanye nokuqinisa yonke imvelo ezungeze ukubalwa kwekhompyutha okusebenzayo kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Endabeni ethile ye-Intel, imibiko eminingana ikhombisa ukuthi ukungena kweNvidia, iSoftBank, ngisho nohulumeni wase-United States enhloko-dolobha yayo bekuhloswe ukusekela ukwakhiwa kabusha komkhiqizi, ukusekela ukuzibophezela kwakhe ekubeni yifektri enkulu (umenzi wezinkampani zangaphandle), futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugcina ukulawula impahla ebhekwa njengeyamasu ezingeni likazwelonke.
Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuza ngesikhathi lapho imali yemakethe yezinye izinkampani ezinkulu ze-chip ifinyelele izibalo ezinkulu , ngenani elingaphezu kwamadola ayizigidigidi ezine noma ezinhlanu ezindaweni ezithile. Izinkampani ezifana ne-IBM, i-Alphabet, i-Meta, i-Adobe, futhi ikakhulukazi i-Nvidia ziye zathola izinzuzo ezinkulu eziqhutshwa yisidingo sama-chip e-AI kanye nokukhula kokuqeqeshwa kwemodeli yolimi lwemvelo kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza.
Abahlaziyi bezezimali bathi la maqhinga athuthukisa ukubonakala kwemali engenayo yabakhiqizi bama-chip esikhathini esizayo, aqinisekise izinkontileka zesikhathi eside kanye nokusebenzisana kwezobuchwepheshe okudlulela ngale kwemodeli yendabuko yamakhasimende nabahlinzeki. Kulesi simo, ukuthengwa kwesabelo se-Intel yi-Nvidia kuchazwa njengesinyathelo sokushintsha ukuvezwa kwayo emakethe futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuqinise "ukuhlengwa" komdlali obalulekile ongenakukwazi ukusala ngemuva.
I-Intel: Kusukela ebuholini bomlando kuya ekulweni nobuhlakani bokwenziwa
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, i-Intel yayifana nama-microprocessor abathengi namaseva, iphethe isikhundla esiphezulu kuma-PC edeskithophu, ama-laptop, kanye nezikhungo zedatha. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kushintshe umdlalo . I-Nvidia ihole kuma-chips agxile ku-AI, kanti i-AMD iyiphonsele inselelo kuma-CPU nama-GPU asebenza kahle kakhulu, okushiya i-Intel isesimweni esibucayi kakhulu kunangesikhathi esidlule.
Ukuhlaziywa okuhlukahlukene kubonisa ukuthi i-Intel ayikwazanga ukusebenzisa i-AI , igxile ekwakhiweni kwe-CPU yendabuko kanti abanye batshale imali eningi kuma-GPU kanye nama-accelerator azinikele. Manje, inkampani izama ukubuyisa amandla ngemiklamo emisha, imikhiqizo egxile ku-AI, kanye nebhizinisi eliqinisiwe lenkampani yangaphandle, kodwa umncintiswano unzima futhi izinga liphezulu kakhulu.
Kule nqubo yokuguqula, i-Intel kudingeke yenze izinguquko ezinkulu kanye nokunciphisa abasebenzi , okuhlanganisa nokunciphisa abasebenzi cishe ngo-15% kanye nokukhanselwa kwamaphrojekthi efektri emazweni afana neJalimane nePoland. Lezi zinqumo zihlose ukuqondisa kabusha izinsiza ekutshalweni kwezimali okubhekwa njengokubalulekile, kodwa futhi zidala ukungaqiniseki phakathi kwabasebenzi, abalingani, kanye nohulumeni ababefisa ukuba yizikhungo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor.
Le nkampani iphinde yahileleka ezingxoxweni ezibalulekile zezepolitiki. E-United States, uhulumeni kaTrump waze waphakamisa ukuthi kuguqulwe olunye usizo lukahulumeni oluya ku-Intel lube yizabelo zezabelo , okuyisinyathelo esibonisa ukungenelela okungavamile emasikweni emakethe yamahhala yezwe. Lesi senzo sihunyushwe njengesibonisa izinga lapho ama-semiconductors esephenduke khona indaba yokuphepha kwezwe.
Ezimakethe, zonke lezi zindaba zibangele ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwentengo yesitoko se-Intel. Ukwenyuka nokwehla kudlula kalula u-15-20% emavikini ambalwa nje , ikakhulukazi lapho kumenyezelwa izivumelwano ezibalulekile, izinguquko ekuphathweni, noma imijikelezo emisha yokutshalwa kwezimali. Ngakho-ke umenzi ubhekene nohambo oluhamba phambili emakethe yesitoko, lapho noma yiluphi uphawu lwekhono lakhe lokuthola kabusha ubuholi lushintsha ngokushesha kube ukusabela kwemakethe.
Imiphumela yezezimali yakamuva kanye nesimo sebhizinisi
Ngaphandle kwezihloko eziphathelene nobudlelwano kanye nokuncishiswa kwentengo, imiphumela yakamuva yekota ye-Intel ilethe izindaba ezinhle. Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe muva nje, imali engenayo yekota yesithathu ikhuphuke ngo-3% unyaka nonyaka yaya ku-$13.700 billion, idlula okulindelwe ngabahlaziyi kokubili kokuthengisa kanye ne-gross margin kanye nemali engenayo ngesabelo ngasinye.
Ngaphakathi kwalowo msebenzi, isigaba seprosesa ye-PC sibone ukukhula okungu-5% unyaka nonyaka , okufinyelele cishe ku-$8.500 billion. Lokhu kubuyela emuva kusize ekunciphiseni ukwehla okuncane kwebhizinisi le-data center chip, eliye lehla cishe ngo-1% unyaka nonyaka laya ku-$4.100 billion. Ngamanye amazwi, amandla emakethe yamakhompyutha yomuntu siqu, aqhutshwa ngokwengxenye ukufika kwamamodeli amasha anamakhono e-AI, alinganisele ubuthakathaka emakethe yama-server.
Elinye lamaphuzu agqame kakhulu kwaba yi-gross margin, efinyelele ku-38,2%, amaphuzu angu-23% aphezulu kunezinga eliqoshwe kwikota efanayo yonyaka odlule . Lokhu kuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kwe-margin kukhombisa ukuphathwa kwezindleko okusebenzayo kanye nenhlanganisela yemikhiqizo emihle, futhi kwavuzwa ngokushesha yizimakethe: Amasheya e-Intel akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-7% ngemuva kokukhishwa kwemiphumela.
Ephethe inkampani, i-CEO ye-Intel—ekhonjwe embikweni wenzuzo njengoLip-Bu Tan—igcizelele ukuthi inkampani isesimweni esibalulekile , idlula ekuguqulweni okukhulu kwebhizinisi layo. I-Intel izama ukulinganisela ukukhiqizwa kwabathengi kanye nezikhungo zedatha nesifiso sayo esisha sokuba yinkampani enkulu yokuqamba izinto yangaphandle, incintisana ngqo ne-TSMC futhi ihehe ukukhiqizwa kwama-chip kumakhasimende angaphandle.
Ngokufanayo, iSikhulu Esiphezulu Sezezimali (i-CFO) uDavid Zinsner uphawule emhlanganweni wakhe nabahlaziyi ukuthi "ukunikezwa kuqiniswe kakhulu ," ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwamandla ezindaweni zayo zokukhiqiza ezindala, njenge-Intel 10 ne-Intel 7. Lesi simo sinomthelela oqondile ekutholakaleni kwamaprosesa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene, okudala ukushoda okungahlala isikhathi eside kunalokho inkampani kanye namakhasimende ayo angathanda.
Ukuntuleka kweprosesa ye-Intel: izimbangela, ububanzi kanye nezibikezelo
Enye yezindaba ezifanele kakhulu kubathengi namabhizinisi yisixwayiso esikhishwe yi-Intel uqobo: inkampani ilindele ukushoda kweprosesa okungase kuqhubeke kuze kube unyaka ozayo . Ngokusho kwencwadi ekhethekile i-CRN.com, isidingo samanje sidlula umthamo wokuphakelwa i-Intel engahlangabezana nawo nengqalasizinda yayo yokukhiqiza ezindaweni zayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Lokhu kuntuleka kwesitoko akugcini nje esigabeni esisodwa; kuthinta kokubili ama-chip esikhungo sedatha kanye nama-processor e-PC . I-CFO uDavid Zinsner ngokwakhe uvumile ukuthi imikhawulo yamandla ku-Intel 10 kanye ne-Intel 7 inciphise ikhono lenkampani lokugcwalisa ngokugcwele ama-oda amakhasimende kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, okudala ukucindezeleka esiteshini kanye nokubambezeleka okungenzeka ekuqalisweni komkhiqizo noma ekuthuthukisweni kwesistimu.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-node e-Intel 10 kanye ne-Intel 7 asetshenziswa ezizukulwaneni zangaphambilini zama-processor e-Core kanye ne-Xeon , asekhona kakhulu emakethe. Phakathi kwemikhiqizo ethintekile kukhona umndeni wesizukulwane se-14 we-Intel Core “Raptor Lake Refresh” wama-PC kanye nomugqa wesizukulwane sesi-5 we-Xeon Scalable “Emerald Rapids” wama-processor wezikhungo zedatha, womabili aqalwa ngo-2023 futhi asadingeka kakhulu phakathi kwabahlanganisi bezinhlelo, abakhiqizi beseva, kanye nabasebenzisi bamandla. Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezizukulwane zama-processor lusiza ukuqonda lokhu kuncika.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eminye yemikhiqizo emisha, njengomndeni we-Core Ultra 200V “Lunar Lake” kanye nochungechunge lwe-Core Ultra 2 “Arrow Lake,” incike kakhulu emandleni okukhiqiza e-TSMC, inkampani enkulu yase-Asia ebusa imakethe ye-foundry ethuthukisiwe . Lokhu kwethula olunye ungqimba lobunzima, njengoba ukutholakala kwalaba basebenzi bokucubungula kuncike hhayi ezinhlelweni ze-Intel kuphela kodwa futhi nasezintweni eziza kuqala ekukhiqizeni ze-TSMC kanye nokuncintisana namanye amakhasimende amakhulu njenge-Apple, i-AMD, ne-Nvidia.
Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela walokhu kushoda, i-Intel ithi isebenzisana eduze namakhasimende ayo ukuze ishintshe isidingo siye emikhiqizweni engathinteki kakhulu . Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuncoma, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ukucushwa okusekelwe kumamodeli akhiqizwe ezindaweni ezinekhono elikhulu lokukhiqiza, noma ukukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwezizukulwane ezintsha ezithembele kubalingani bangaphandle njenge-TSMC.
Nakuba lezi zinyathelo zinciphisa ingcindezi kancane, uZinsner uxwayise ngokuthi izinkinga zokuhlinzekwa zingase ziphakame kakhulu kwikota yokuqala yonyaka ozayo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi labo abahlela ukuthenga izinhlelo ezinamaphrosesa athile e-Intel—ikakhulukazi emndenini wakwaRaptor Lake Refresh kanye nowakwa-Emerald Rapids—bangabhekana nezikhathi zokulethwa ezinde, amanani ancishisiwe, noma ukukhetha okuncane kwamamodeli atholakalayo.
Ama-PC amasha, i-AI kanye nokuvela kwemakethe yamakhompyutha
Ngenkathi ibhekene nokuntuleka, imakethe yama-PC ibhekene noguquko lwayo. Abakhiqizi abakhulu sebeqalile ukwethula amakhompyutha amasha aklanywe kusukela phansi ukuze asebenzise ubuhlakani bokwenziwa , anama-chip akwazi ukusebenzisa amamodeli endaweni ngaphandle kokudinga uxhumano oluqhubekayo nefu. Lolu shintsho luqhathaniswa ngabaningi nokugxuma kusuka kumafoni eselula endabuko kuya kuma-smartphone.
Emibukisweni yezohwebo efana ne-Computex 2024 eTaiwan, izinkanyezi zombukiso kwakuyizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-AI PC, ezikwazi ukukhumbula umsebenzi womsebenzisi, zikhiqize okuqukethwe ngokuzimela, futhi zinikeze izici ezithuthukisiwe ezincike kakhulu ku-inthanethi . Amanye amamodeli afaka ngisho nokhiye ozinikele wokufinyelela ngqo kumathuluzi afana ne-ChatGPT-4o, okuhlanganisa i-AI ekhiqizayo emsebenzini womsebenzi wansuku zonke womsebenzisi.
Kuzo zombili izilungiselelo zasekhaya nezobungcweti, amakhompyutha anamuhla amboza zonke izinhlobo zokusetshenziswa: kusukela ekusebenzeni noma ekufundeni kuya ekudlaleni imidlalo edinga amandla noma ekudaleni okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia . Ukucushwa kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesabelomali kanye nomsebenzi, kodwa umkhuba ocacile ukufaka amaprosesa namayunithi okucubungula ama-neural (ama-NPU) noma amanye ama-accelerator azinikele, into i-Intel nayo egxile kuyo ngezizukulwane zayo ezintsha zama-chip. Kubasebenzisi abaqhathanisa izinketho zama-laptop, kufanelekile ukuhlola amaprosesa ama-laptop angcono kakhulu.
Lolu shintsho luhambisana nokwenyuka kwezindleko zezingxenye ezifana ne-RAM, okuphoqa abasebenzisi abaningi ukuthi bacabange kabusha ngezinhlelo zabo zokuthuthukisa. Ukwakha i-PC entsha noma ukuthuthukisa ekhona manje sekubiza kakhulu , futhi isinqumo phakathi kokulinda amanani ukuthi anciphe noma ukuthenga ngokushesha siba nzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukungaqiniseki okuzungeze isikhathi sokuntuleka kweprosesa.
Emkhakheni webhizinisi, izikhungo zedatha nazo zamukela izakhiwo ezikhethekile kakhulu, ezihlanganisa ama-CPU endabuko, ama-GPU agxile ku-AI, kanye nezinye izisheshisi. Ukuntuleka kwamamodeli athile e-Xeon kanye nokwanda kwezindlela eziqondiswe ku-AI kuphoqa izinhlangano eziningi ukuthi ziklame ingqalasizinda ehlanganisiwe, lapho i-Intel ihlala ibalulekile kodwa ingasasebenzi yodwa.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha ze-semiconductor kanye nekusasa lokukhiqiza
Ngale kwezibalo zokuthengisa namamodeli athile okucubungula, imboni ye-semiconductor ithuthuka ngezinto ezintsha ezifinyelela kude. Ingqophamlando yakamuva kube ukufezwa kokuhlanganisa izendlalelo ze-semiconductor ezingafika ku-41 ku-chip eyodwa , okwandisa ubuningi besekethe ngokuphindwe kasithupha ngaphandle kokunciphisa usayizi we-transistor. Lolu hlobo lokuthuthuka ekupakishweni kwe-3D luvula umnyango wokusebenza kahle okukhulu ngaphandle kokuthembela kuphela ekuxhumeni kwe-node.
Okwamanje, amaphrojekthi ekhompyutha ye-neuromorphic ayaqhubeka, ezama ukulingisa ukusebenza kobuchopho bomuntu ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla ekhompyutha . Inhloko yenye yezinhlelo ze-neuromorphic ezinkulu emhlabeni ichaze ukuthi umgomo ukuhlangabezana kangcono nezidingo ezikhulayo zesikhathi esisha sedijithali ngezakhiwo ezisebenzisa amandla amancane futhi ezifanelekela kangcono i-AI kanye nemisebenzi yokufunda eqhubekayo.
Esigabeni sezepolitiki, amazwe amaningana ancintisana ngokuba yizindawo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor. E-United States, uhulumeni usethule amaphakheji okukhuthaza ahlanganisa amakhulu ezigidigidi zamaRandi ukuheha izimboni ze-chip, ukuqinisa uchungechunge lwenani lendawo, nokunciphisa ukuthembela e-Asia. I-Intel iphakathi kwabazuzi abayinhloko balolu sizo, oluhlanganisa izibonelelo eziqondile, izimali mboleko ezithambile ezifika ku-$11.000 billion, kanye nokunciphisa intela okukhulu.
IYurophu nezinye izifunda zizama ukulandela lokho, yize kunezinkinga. ICosta Rica, isibonelo, ibone izinkampani ezifana ne-Intel neQorvo zithutha ezinye zezinto zazo zokukhiqiza ziye e-Asia , okudala ukukhathazeka phakathi kwamabhizinisi endawo mayelana nokulahlekelwa okungenzeka kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nemisebenzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanye amazwe aseYurophu ayenethemba lokusingatha izimboni ezintsha ze-Intel, kodwa la maphrojekthi akhanseliwe ngenxa yokushintsha kwamasu enkampani.
Njengoba bebhekene nalesi simo, abanye ohulumeni bacabanga ukuya phambili ekubandakanyekeni kwabo ngqo. Umqondo wokuguqula usizo lube yizabelo zamasheya , njengoba kuye kwaphakanyiswa endabeni ye-Intel e-United States, uvuse impikiswano mayelana nokuthi ukungenelela kukahulumeni kufaneleke kangakanani ukuvikela izimboni ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile. Abanye baqhathanisa le ndlela namamodeli ajwayelekile kakhulu kwezomnotho ezihleliwe kune-liberalism yakudala yaseMelika.
Umthelela kubaphathi, ezinkampanini nasezimakethe zezabasebenzi
Ukuguqulwa komkhakha we-semiconductor kanye nokungezwani kwe-supply chain kuza ngesikhathi lapho abaphathi abaphezulu bezinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba bebhekene nomjikelezo wokushintsha ophula irekhodi . Unyaka ka-2024 wabona inani eliqophayo lokushintsha kobuholi ezinkampanini ezinkulu kakhulu ezihweba esidlangalaleni emhlabeni, kanye nokusuka kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-200 ezikhundleni zokuphatha eziphezulu—isibonakaliso sengcindezi enkulu abaphathi abangaphansi kwayo.
Amacala avelele kweminye imikhakha, njengokuxoshwa kwe-CEO ye-chocolate yamazwe ngamazwe ngemuva kodaba lwehhovisi, abonisa ukuthi ukudalulwa komphakathi kanye nokungezwani kwangaphakathi kukhula kanjani , okuthinta nokuzinza kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe. Embonini yama-chip, izinguquko ze-CEO kanye ne-CFO zivame ukuhunyushwa njengezimpawu zokushintsha kwamasu, ukulungiswa kwenkambo, noma izimpendulo ezikhathini zokusebenza okubuthakathaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshela emnothweni ogxile kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kudinga ubuchwepheshe namakhono amasha . Amazwe afuna ukuzibeka njengezizinda zokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kumele atshale imali njalo ekuqeqeshweni, ekucwaningeni nasekuthuthukisweni, kanye nasebudlelwaneni obuzinzile nabalingani ababalulekile njenge-United States. Ngaphandle kwalesi sisekelo, kunzima ukusebenzisa amathuba anikezwa "yinkathi entsha" yokubala, elawulwa yi-AI nama-chip akhethekile.
Kulesi simo, izimakethe zesifunda ezifana ne-Central ne-Eastern Europe, noma amazwe aseLatin America anabantu abakhiqizi abanjengo-Intel isikhathi eside, abhekene nenselele yokuvuselela izinhlaka zawo zomthetho kanye neziphakamiso zenani ukuze kugcinwe ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi kudonswe amaphrojekthi amasha. Ukuncintisana kukhulu, futhi ohulumeni abaningi bakulungele ukunikeza izikhuthazo ezinamandla kakhulu ukuze bathole isabelo semakethe ye-semiconductor.
Intuthuko kulo mkhakha ayibhekwa nje kuphela ngabatshalizimali bezikhungo, kodwa futhi nangohulumeni nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke. Ukuthembela emhlabeni wonke enanini elincane lezindawo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe kuye kwabonwa njengobuthakathaka obubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuphazamiseka kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa okuhlangatshezwene nakho ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Ngakho-ke, isikhundla se-Intel kanye nezinqumo zayo mayelana nokuthi izokhiqiza kuphi amaprosesa ayo kunemiphumela edlula kude imibiko yenzuzo yekota.
Lesi simo sonke sibonisa isithombe lapho abaprosesa be-Intel, izintambo zabo zokuhlinzeka, ukutshalwa kwezimali emafektri amasha, kanye nokubambisana neziqhwaga ezifana neNvidia, SoftBank, IBM, Alphabet, kanye neMeta kuxhumene nezici ezibanzi zezomnotho, zezombusazwe kanye nezobuchwepheshe . Kumsebenzisi wokugcina, lokhu kuholela emananini aphezulu, ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwamamodeli athile, kanye nokunikezwa okugxile kakhulu ku-AI. Ezimakethe nakohulumeni, kumelela isenzo sokulinganisela phakathi kokusekela iqhawe elidala njenge-Intel nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuncintisana kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kuyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
