Indlela yokuguqula i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB: umhlahlandlela ophelele

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Indlela yokuguqula i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB: umhlahlandlela ophelele

Uma ukhathele ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho ye-Windows isebenza kancane futhi ufuna ukuyinika impilo yesibili, ukuguqula i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux ngokuyiqalisa kabusha kusuka ku-USB drive kungenye yezinqumo ezinhle kakhulu ongazenza. Ungayisebenzisa okwesikhashana ngaphandle kokuthinta i-hard drive, noma usule ngokuphelele i-Windows bese ugcina i-Linux kuphela, kokubili emishinini yesimanje kanye neyakudala kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma unesifiso sokufunda ngesofthiwe yamahhala, ukufaka isofthiwe efana neLinux Mint, Ubuntu, noma iLubuntu kuyindlela enhle yokuqala ukufunda. Akudingeki ube yingcweti yekhompyutha : nge-USB drive, isithombe se-ISO esifanele, namathuluzi afana neRufus, iBalenaEtcher, noma iLinux Boot Disk Creator, ungaba nohlelo lwakho lulungile ngemizuzu embalwa bese uluqalisa cishe kunoma iyiphi i-PC.

Kusho ukuthini ukuguqula i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB?

Uma sikhuluma "ngokuguqula i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB," empeleni sibhekisela ezimweni ezimbili ezihlukene kodwa ezihlobene: ukuqala i-Linux ngqo kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB ngaphandle kokuthinta i-hard drive, noma ukusebenzisa leyo drayivu ye-USB ukufaka i-Linux kudrayivu eyinkimbinkimbi bese ushintsha i-Windows.

Esimweni sokuqala, usebenzisa lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi i -USB Live noma uhlelo oluphathekayo , olukuvumela ukuthi ufake i-Linux ku-hard drive yakho, kuhlanganiswe nezilungiselelo nezinhlelo zakho, ongaqala ukusebenza cishe kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha. Uma uvala futhi ukhipha i-USB drive, ikhompyutha ibuyela ohlelweni lwayo lokusebenza lwangempela, ngokuvamile i-Windows 10 noma olunye uhlobo.

Esimweni sesibili, idrayivu efanayo ye-USB isetshenziswa njengendlela yokufaka ukwenza ukufakwa okuhlanzekile kokusabalalisa kwe-GNU/Linux ku-hard drive yangaphakathi. Le ndlela isula uhlelo lwangaphambilini, ishiye i-Linux njengohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa, ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabili—kungcono uma ufuna ukususa ngokuphelele i-Windows kukhompyutha.

Into enhle ngale ndlela ukuthi ungaqala ngokuzama i-Linux kwimodi ebukhoma ngaphandle kokuthinta noma yini, ubone ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuyilawula bese uhlola ukuthi yonke ihadiwe iyasebenza (i-WiFi, umsindo, ihluzo…), bese kuthi uma usuqinisekile, uqhubeke nokufakwa kokugcina kudiski.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Linux kudrayivu ye-USB kunokunamathela ku-Windows

Enye yezinzuzo ezinhle zokuba ne-Linux kudrayivu ye-USB ukuthi ungathatha indawo yakho yokusebenza uye nayo kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha . Uma usebenzisa njalo amakhompyutha angabangani, omndeni, noma ama-PC omphakathi, ukuqala i-distro yakho ngezinhlelo zakho nezilungiselelo kulula kakhulu futhi kukongela isikhathi sokulungiselela konke isikhathi ngasinye.

Kukhona futhi isici esibalulekile sokuphepha: uma ufuna ukusebenza kumakhompyutha omphakathi noma kumanethiwekhi avulekile , ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lwe-USB kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo okwengeziwe. Awuncikile ekufakweni kwe-Windows okugcwele isofthiwe engaziwa, amabha wamathuluzi esiphequluli angajwayelekile, noma ukucushwa okusolisayo; usebenzisa uhlelo lwakho oluhlanzekile, ngamathuluzi akho.

Esinye isimo esivamile yileso "sochwepheshe bekhompyutha" bomndeni. Lapho umngane ecela usizo nge-PC engayivuli noma eyenza ngendlela exakile, ukuqala i-Linux Live kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB ukuze kuhlolwe ihadiwe noma kubuyiselwe amafayela kulula kakhulu kunokulwa nohlelo lwe-Windows oluphukile.

Ekugcineni, kukhona inzuzo engokoqobo: ama-USB drive anamuhla anesivinini esingaphezu kwesamukelekayo . Sezidlulile izinsuku lapho ukuqala kabusha kusuka ku-flash drive kwakuyinto ebuhlungu. Ngama-drive ekhwalithi enhle namuhla, ungathola ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwemisebenzi yasehhovisi, ukuphequlula, ngisho ne-multimedia ethile.

Ukukhetha ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okufanele kwe-PC yakho

Uma uguqula i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB, esinye sezinqumo ezibalulekile ukukhetha ukusatshalaliswa okulungile. Akuzona zonke izisatshalaliswa ezinezidingo ezifanayo noma eziqondisa uhlobo olufanayo lomsebenzisi , ngakho-ke kufanele ukhethe ngokuhlakanipha ngokusekelwe kuhadiwe yakho nokuthi ufuna ukwenzani ngekhompyutha. Ukuze uthole isiqondiso, bheka ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani ukusatshalaliswa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho.

Uma ikhompyutha yakho ingaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi noma eyishumi nambili ubudala futhi inemininingwane emihle (ama-GB amaningana e-RAM, i-CPU efanelekile), ungakwazi ukukhokhela ukusatshalaliswa okudumile nokusebenziseka kalula njenge-Ubuntu, i-Linux Mint, noma i-Manjaro. Banikeza izindawo zedeskithophu ezikhangayo, amadokhumenti abanzi, kanye nezinkundla ezigcwele izixazululo cishe zanoma iyiphi inkinga.

Uma usebenzisana nama-PC amadala kakhulu, anememori elinganiselwe kanye nama-processor aphelelwe yisikhathi, kungcono ukhethe ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okulula. Isibonelo, i-Lubuntu, i-Puppy Linux, kanye ne-Bodhi Linux zenzelwe ukusebenza ngezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe kakhulu, ngisho noma kune-RAM engu-256-384 MB encane uma kukhulunywa ngezinye izinguqulo ezindala ze-Lubuntu, noma ngama-CPU angu-500 MHz.

Kubalulekile ukuhlola izidingo zesistimu ezincane nezinconywayo , kanye nezindawo zedeskithophu ezitholakalayo , kuwebhusayithi yokusabalalisa ngakunye . Ama-desktops afana ne-LXQt, i-Xfce, noma i-MATE ngokuvamile alula kune-KDE Plasma noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-GNOME, futhi lo mehluko ubonakala kakhulu kumakhompyutha amadala.

Esinye isici esibalulekile isisekelo esiyisisekelo sokusabalalisa. Isibonelo, i-Lubuntu ne-Linux Mint zithathwe ku-Ubuntu, okusekelwe ku-Debian . Lokhu kusho ukuthi zithola ifa le-ecosystem enkulu yephakheji, ukuhambisana okuhle kwehadiwe, kanye nokusekelwa okubanzi kwe-inthanethi—kuwusizo kakhulu uma uqala.

Ukusabalalisa kwabaqalayo, kokudlala kanye nokulungisa

Uma uvela ku-Windows 10 futhi ufuna i-Linux ibe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza olulodwa ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okukhulu, i-Linux Mint kanye ne-Ubuntu ngokuvamile kuyizincomo eziphezulu . Indlela yokufunda ilula, izixhumi ezisebenziseka kalula, futhi inqubo yokufaka iqondiswa kakhulu.

Kumakhompyutha alula kakhulu lapho usafuna khona ulwazi lwesimanje, i-Lubuntu ne-Xubuntu ziyizinketho ezinhle . Zilandela ifilosofi ye-Ubuntu kodwa zinama-desktop alula asebenzisa i-RAM ne-CPU encane, okuholela kukhompyutha ephendula kangcono.

Uma unentshisekelo emhlabeni wemidlalo, ungase ulingeke ukusebenzisa ukusatshalaliswa kwenhloso ejwayelekile njenge -Ubuntu, i-Linux Mint, noma i-Manjaro bese uyihlanganisa namathuluzi afana ne-Steam (ne-Proton), i-Lutris, noma i-Heroic Games Launcher. Kulokhu, kunconywa ikhadi lehluzo elihle kanye nabashayeli abasekelwa kahle, kodwa awudingi lutho olungavamile mayelana nokusatshalaliswa ngokwako.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufuna ukufunda ngokujulile ukuthi i-Linux isebenza kanjani, ulungise uhlelo, futhi uzame ukucushwa kwezinga eliphansi, ungabheka ukusatshalaliswa okufana ne -Arch Linux noma i-Debian ngendlela yayo emsulwa . Kodwa-ke, kulezi zimo, kucatshangwa ukuthi uzochitha isikhathi ufunda amadokhumenti nokuthi awusatshiswa umugqa womyalo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela izinga lakho lamanje lekhono: ukuze umuntu oqalayo athole ulwazi oluphelele, kungcono ukuqala ngento elula (i-Mint, i-Ubuntu, i-Lubuntu), futhi uma usukhululekile ngayo, kuzoba nesikhathi sokuqhubekela ekusakazweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuzama ukusebenzisa i-Arch for Linux ngosuku lwakho lokuqala kufana nokuzama ukufunda ukushayela imoto ye-rally.

Iyini i-USB Live ephathekayo nehlala njalo?

Lokho okubonile kulabhulali noma ekilasini lapho othile exhuma idrayivu ye-USB, evula i-Linux, esebenza isikhashana, bese i-PC ibuyela ohlelweni lwayo olujwayelekile lokusebenza lwe-Windows cishe yi- Live USB ene-Linux distribution ebhuthwayo . Kulesi simo, uhlelo alufakiwe ku-hard drive yekhompyutha, kodwa lusebenza ngqo kusuka ku-USB drive.

Le modi ebukhoma ivame ukuhloselwa ukuhlola ukusatshalaliswa, ukwenza imisebenzi yokulungisa, noma ukuyisebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa kukhona uhlobo oluthakazelisayo kakhulu: Ukufakwa okubukhoma okuphikelelayo . Kulokhu, idrayivu ye-USB igcina ingxenye yamandla ayo okulondoloza izinguquko, ukucushwa, izinhlelo, namafayela, njengokufakwa "okuvamile", kodwa kudrayivu ye-USB uqobo.

Ngenxa yalokhu kuqhubeka, ungahlala uphethe i-akhawunti yakho yomsebenzisi, izintandokazi zedeskithophu, kanye namabhukhimakhi esiphequluli nawe... ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka kabusha noma ukulungisa kabusha njalo uma uqala . Kulabo abavame ukushintsha ama-PC ahlukene, lokhu kuyisindisi sangempela sempilo.

Akukho hardware ekhethekile edingekayo kulokhu: cishe noma iyiphi i-PC engakwazi ukuqala kusuka ku-USB izosebenza , inqobo nje uma i-BIOS/UEFI ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe idrayivu ye-USB njengedivayisi yokuqalisa. Udinga nje ukucabangela ukuthi ibhodi lakho lomama lisebenzisa i-UEFI enezingxenye ze-GPT noma i-BIOS endala ene-MBR, ngoba lapho udala idrayivu ye-USB, kuzodingeka ukhethe uhlelo lokuhlukanisa olufanele.

Ngamafuphi, lelo "qhinga lomlingo" elibonakala liguqula ikhompyutha ibe yi-Linux ngaphandle kokuthinta i-hard drive limane liqala uhlelo oluphelele lokusebenza kusuka ku-USB drive . Uma ususa i-drive bese uyiqala kabusha, i-PC ilayisha kabusha uhlelo lwayo lokuqala njengokungathi akwenzekanga lutho.

Izidingo zehadiwe nezinto zokwakha

Ukuze uguqule i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB, kungaba kwimodi ebukhoma noma ngokuyifaka kudrayivu eyinkimbinkimbi, uzodinga okungenani idrayivu ye-USB enamandla angu-4 GB . Kulezi zinsuku, kungcono kakhulu ukukhetha engu-16, 32, noma ngisho engu-64 GB uma ufuna uhlelo olubukhoma oluqhubekayo noma ukufaka ukusatshalaliswa okuningi kwe-Linux.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba nekhompyutha ene-inthanethi lapho ungalanda khona isithombe se-ISO sokusabalalisa kwe-Linux oyikhethile kanye nethuluzi elizosetshenziswa ukushisa leyo ISO kudrayivu ye-USB (i-Rufus ku-Windows, i-BalenaEtcher ku-macOS, i-Boot Disk Creator kuma-distros amaningi e-Linux).

I-PC ozoyisebenzisa noma oyifaka kuyo i-Linux kungaba yideskithophu noma i-laptop endala esebenzisa i-Windows. Into ebalulekile ukuthi isekela ukuqala kusuka ku-USB , into cishe noma iyiphi ikhompyutha eminyakeni eyi-15-20 edlule engayenza. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, kuzodingeka ushintshe i-oda lokuqalisa ku-BIOS/UEFI noma usebenzise i-hotkey ukukhetha idivayisi yokuqalisa ekuqaleni.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokufakwa kokugcina, ikakhulukazi uma uzoyisula ngokuphelele iWindows, kubalulekile ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha yakho ebalulekile . Ukufaka i-Linux distribution ku-hard drive yakho kuvame ukuhilela ukufometha ama-partitions, ngakho-ke noma yini engasekelwanga kwenye idrayivu, isitoreji samafu, noma idrayivu ye-USB izolahleka.

Okokugcina, uma ukusetha kwakho kunezidrayivu eziningi zangaphakathi (isibonelo, ama-SSD amabili kanye ne-HDD eyodwa ), kufanele unqume kusengaphambili ukuthi ufuna ukufaka kuphi uhlelo nokuthi uzolusebenzisa kanjani kabusha noma ulufomethe kanjani olusele, ukuze ungatholi lutho olumangazayo ngesikhathi sewizadi yokufaka.

Landa isithombe se-ISO sokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux

Inhliziyo yalo lonke uhlelo isithombe se-ISO sokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux ozokusebenzisa. I-ISO ifayela eliqukethe ikhophi ethembekile yokuqukethwe kwediski ye-optical (noma yini engaba yisifaki esiphelele sesistimu), futhi yilokho ozokushisa kudrayivu ye-USB ukuze iqalise ukusebenza.

Ukuze uyithole, mane nje uye kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-distro, uthole isigaba sokulanda, bese ukhetha uhlelo olufanele. Ngokuvamile kunezinguqulo ezingama-64-bit (amd64) futhi, kwezinye izimo, izinguqulo ezingama-32-bit . Uma ikhompyutha yakho iyisimanje, cishe uzodinga inguqulo engama-64-bit; uma indala kakhulu, hlola imiyalelo yephrojekthi.

Uma kukhulunywa nge-Debian, kuvame ukunconywa ukuthi ulande isithombe ngendawo yedeskithophu kanye ne-firmware eyimfihlo uma ihadiwe yakho idinga abashayeli abangewona amahhala (amakhadi e-WiFi, amakhadi ehluzo, njll.). Ukufakwa ku-Debian ejwayelekile kungaba nzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma usaqala, kungcono ukukugcina kulula.

Ngokusatshalaliswa okufana ne-Ubuntu noma i-Linux Mint, kuvame ukuba nezinguqulo eziningana kuye ngendawo yedeskithophu (i-GNOME, i-Cinnamon, i-MATE, i-Xfce, njll.). Khetha eyodwa efanelana kahle nezidingo zakho ngokubukeka nokusebenza okulula . Futhi ku-Lubuntu, isibonelo, uzobona inguqulo elula ebonakalayo eklanyelwe amakhompyutha angenazo izinsiza ezitheni.

Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi i-ISO ilandiwe kahle (amaphrojekthi avame ukushicilela ama-checksum), yize ukusetshenziswa okuvamile ekhaya, uma ukulanda kuqedwa ngaphandle kwamaphutha, lokho kuvame ukwanele . Uma usunayo, uzobe usukulungele ukudala idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo.

Dala idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo usebenzisa i-Rufus, i-BalenaEtcher, noma amanye amathuluzi

Uma isithombe se-ISO sesilungisiwe futhi idrayivu ye-USB ixhunyiwe, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elibhala kahle leso sithombe kudrayivu futhi lisenze siqalise ukusebenza . Ku-Windows, uhlelo olusetshenziswa iminyaka eminingi luyi-Rufus, kuyilapho ku-macOS i-BalenaEtcher ithandwa kakhulu, futhi ukusatshalaliswa okuningi kwe-Linux kunomdali wediski oqalisa ukusebenza.

Uma usebenzisa iWindows, ungalanda iRufus kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni. Uma usuyivulile, uzobona insimu yokukhetha idivayisi ye-USB, enye yokukhetha isithombe se-ISO, kanye namapharamitha amaningana ongawakhetha. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi idrayivu yakho ye-USB ivela ngaphansi kokuthi "Idivayisi" (ukugwema ukulimaza enye idrayivu), bese uchofoza okuthi "Khetha" ukuze ulayishe i-ISO yokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux oyilandile.

Esigabeni se-partition scheme kanye ne-target system, khetha i-GPT kanye ne-UEFI uma i-PC iyisimanje . Uma ikhompyutha indala noma ungaqiniseki ngemodi yayo yokuqalisa, i-MBR ivame ukusebenza kahle njengenketho yokubuyela emuva. Kuhlelo lwefayela, i-FAT32 ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu kuma-ISO amaningi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-UEFI, yize ezinye izithombe ezinkulu kakhulu zingadinga i-NTFS.

Isici esithakazelisayo seRufus ukuthi, ngokusatshalaliswa okuthile, inikeza isilayidi "sokuphikelela" . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine isikhala kudrayivu yakho ye-USB lapho izinguquko zakho zizogcinwa khona. Ukusetshenziswa okulula (ukulungiswa kwe-Wi-Fi, ukulungiswa okuyisisekelo), ungabeka i-2-4 GB; ukuze usebenze njalo kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB, i-8-16 GB ingcono; futhi uma ufuna ukugcina amafayela akho amaningi kudrayivu ye-USB, i-20-30 GB kudrayivu engu-64 GB noma enkulu iyinani elihle.

Uma uqala inqubo, kuvamile ukuthi iRufus ikuxwayise ukuthi izolanda izinguqulo zezingxenye ezithile (njengeSyslinux) noma ikubuze ukuthi iyiphi imodi okufanele uyisebenzise ukubhala isithombe. Yamukela ukulanda uma ucelwa bese ukhetha "imodi yesithombe se-ISO" lapho kuvela ukukhetha imodi yokubhala. Khumbula ukuthi konke okuku-USB drive kuzosulwa.

Ukuqalisa i-PC kusuka ku-USB nge-Linux

Manje njengoba idrayivu ye-USB isilungile, sekuyisikhathi sokuqalisa ikhompyutha kuyo. Uma i-PC icishiwe, xhuma idrayivu ye-USB echwebeni elitholakalayo bese uvula umshini ngenkathi ucindezela ngokushesha inkinobho yokukhetha idivayisi yokuqalisa noma inkinobho efinyelela imenyu yokuqalisa. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yi-F12, kodwa kuye ngomkhiqizi, kungaba yi-F1, F8, F9, F10, Esc, noma ngisho ne-Tab.

Uma kuvela imenyu yokuqalisa okusheshayo, khetha idrayivu ehambisana nedrayivu yakho ye-USB bese ucindezela u-Enter ukuze uqhubeke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka ufake i-BIOS/UEFI usebenzisa i-F2, i-Delete, noma enye inkinobho , iya esigabeni esithi "Boot", hambisa idrayivu ye-USB phezulu ohlwini, londoloza izinguquko, bese uqala kabusha.

Uma ikhompyutha isiqalile ukusebenza ku-USB drive, uzobona imenyu yokwamukela noma i-language wizard. Khetha ulimi lwakho usebenzisa igundane noma izinkinobho zomcibisholo bese u-Enter . Ukusuka lapho, kuye ngokusatshalaliswa, ungakhetha phakathi kokuzama uhlelo ngaphandle kokulufaka noma ukuqhubeka ngqo nokufakwa.

Kuma-distribution amaningi asekelwe ku-Ubuntu, ukuqala kabusha kumodi ebukhoma kulayisha indawo yedeskithophu esebenza ngokugcwele. Ukusuka lapho, ungaphequlula i-inthanethi, udlale i-multimedia, uvule amadokhumenti, nokuningi , ngaphandle kokushintsha i-byte eyodwa yediski yangaphakathi yekhompyutha. Lesi yisikhathi esifanele sokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ihadiwe isebenza kahle.

Uma ubona isithonjana noma isinqamuleli kudeskithophu yakho esithi okuthile okufana nokuthi "Faka Ubuntu", "Faka i-Lubuntu", noma okufanayo, uzokwazi ukuthi unenketho yokuguqula unomphela leyo PC ibe yi-Linux ngokufaka uhlelo ku-hard drive esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-USB drive kuphela.

Faka i-Linux njengohlelo lokusebenza olulodwa kuphela (ngaphandle kokuqalisa kabili)

Uma uqinisekile ukuthi ufuna i-Linux ibe uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza olulodwa, inqubo yokufaka ivame ukuba lula kakhulu. Uma uvula isifaki, sizoqala ngokubuza ulimi lwakho futhi, bese kuba indawo yesikhathi noma isifunda sakho. Khetha izwe noma idolobha lakho ukuze isikhathi, ifomethi yosuku, kanye nezinye izilungiselelo zesifunda zilungiselelwe kahle. Uma ukhetha ukugcina i-Windows isethaphu se-dual-boot, bheka ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani i-Linux kanye ne-Windows isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Okulandelayo kuza ukuchaza ukwakheka kwekhibhodi. Lapha kubalulekile ukukhetha ukwakheka okungokoqobo onakho: iSpanishi, iSpanishi Yomhlaba Wonke, isiNgisi, njll. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi u-ñ, ama-accent, kanye nezimpawu ezikhethekile zilapho kufanele zibe khona, noma ukuthi zifanelana nekhibhodi yakho uma ingenazo izinhlamvu ezithile eziphrintiwe kuyo.

Ingxenye enzima kakhulu ifika lapho umfakisi ekubuza ukuthi ufuna ukuyisebenzisa kanjani idiski. Ukuze usule iWindows nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza bese ugcine i-Linux kuphela, kufanele ukhethe inketho ethi "Susa idiski" noma ethi "Sebenzisa idiski yonke" . Lokhu kuzofometha idrayivu ekhethiwe futhi kudale izingxenye ezidingekayo zokusabalalisa.

Uma ikhompyutha yakho inama-drive amaningi (isibonelo, i-SSD eyinhloko, i-SSD yesibili, kanye ne-HDD yokugcina), umfakisi uzobonisa uhlu. Khetha ngokucophelela ukuthi iyiphi i-drive ofuna ukufaka i-Linux kuyo , ngokuvamile i-SSD lapho i-Windows ifakiwe khona. Amanye ama-drive akudingeki ukuthi asulwe kulesi sigaba ngaphandle kokuthi ucacise okunye, yize ungawafometha kamuva ngaphakathi kwe-Linux ukuze uwasebenzise njengesitoreji esengeziwe.

Uma usunqumile isu lakho lokuhlukanisa (sula konke, sebenzisa idiski yonke, njll.), i-wizard izokucela ukuthi udale i-akhawunti yakho yomsebenzisi: igama le-akhawunti, igama lekhompyutha, kanye nephasiwedi . Ungakhetha inketho yokungena ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ungafuni ukufaka iphasiwedi yakho isikhathi ngasinye, yize usazoyidinga ngemisebenzi yokuphatha.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinguquko, umfakisi uzobonisa isifinyezo salokho azokwenza: ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye azozakha, yiziphi izinhlelo ezizosuswa, nokuthi idiski izobukeka kanjani. Leli yithuba lakho lokugcina lokuhlola kabili ukuthi awuzukususa ngengozi idatha kwenye idrayivu . Uma konke kubukeka kahle, qinisekisa bese uvumela uhlelo ukuthi lwenze umsebenzi walo kuze kube yilapho lukushukumisela ukuthi uqale kabusha.

Kwenzekani kwamanye amadrayivu angaphakathi lapho kufakwa i-Linux?

Uma i-PC yakho inama-hard drive amaningi angaphakathi, kuvamile ukuzibuza ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kuwo uma ufaka i-Linux ku-drive eyinhloko. Uma wenza ukufakwa okujwayelekile ku-drive eyodwa, amanye ama-drive ahlala engathintekile ngaphandle kokuthi ucacise ngokuhlukile ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa kabusha. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ufaka ku-SSD 1, i-SSD 2 kanye ne-HDD kuzohlala kungashintshi.

Kodwa-ke, uma lawo madiski engeziwe esaqukethe idatha ye-Windows, izingxenye ezindala ze-NTFS kanye nezinye izinhlelo zamafayela , izinhlelo ezikhohliwe, noma ukufakwa kwangaphambilini, cishe uzofuna ukuwafometha kusuka ku-Linux ukuze uwahlanze futhi uwasebenzisele ukugcina okujwayelekile, ukwenza amakhophi agciniwe, amafolda emidlalo, noma yini enye ongayicabanga.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi okuqopha njenge-GPart noma umphathi wediski ozenzakalelayo kusuka ekusakazweni kwakho okusha kwe-Linux. Mane ukhethe idiski efanele, ususe izingxenye ezindala, bese udala ezintsha ngefomethi oyithandayo (ngokuvamile i-ext4 yedatha ku-Linux). Gwema ukuthinta idiski lapho kufakwe khona uhlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi uqinisekile ngokuphelele ngalokho okwenzayo.

Enye inketho ukusebenzisa enye yalawo madiski ukugcina ifolda yakho ye-/home noma idatha yakho yomuntu siqu , ngaleyo ndlela uhlukanise ngokucacile uhlelo nedatha. Lokhu kungalungiswa ngesikhathi sokufakwa (ngokudala ama-partition ngesandla) noma kamuva ngokuhambisa idatha, yize esimweni sokugcina udinga ukuqaphela kakhudlwana.

Kunoma ikuphi, isihluthulelo ukuthi ukufaka i-Linux akusho ukuthi uzosula wonke ama-drive akho ngokungakhethi. Ama-drive owavumayo ngokucacile ngesikhathi se-setup wizard kuphela azofomethwa, ngakho-ke thatha umzuzu owengeziwe ukuze uhlonze ngokucophelela i-drive ngayinye ngomthamo kanye nemodeli.

Ukufaka i-Ubuntu noma i-Debian kwi-PC endala ye-Windows

Uma umgomo wakho oyinhloko uwukuvuselela ikhompyutha endala engasakwazi ukusebenzisa iWindows, ukufaka i-distribution elula njenge-Ubuntu ene-desktop environment elula, noma i-Debian enokulungiswa okulungiselelwe, kungasebenza izimanga. Umqondo uwukushintsha ngokuphelele uhlelo oludala bese ushiya i-Linux njengokuphela kohlelo lokusebenza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

Endabeni ye-Ubuntu, inqubo ifana kakhulu nale echazwe ngaphambilini: udala i-Live USB ene-Rufus, uyiqalise, ukhethe ulimi lwakho, bese esikrinini esikhulu unezinketho ezithi "Zama Ubuntu" noma "Faka Ubuntu." Uma ukhetha ukuzama, idiski ayithintwa; uma ukhetha ukufaka, i-wizard izokuvumela ukuthi usule iWindows futhi usebenzise yonke idiski.

I-Debian, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikeza ukufakwa kwezithombe okuthi, yize kungachazwanga kahle, kukuqondise ezinyathelweni ezifanayo: ulimi, inethiwekhi, ukwahlukanisa, umsebenzisi, njll. Ukuze kube lula izinto, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukukhetha "ukusebenzisa idiski yonke" kanye "nakho konke okukuhlukaniso olulodwa" ukuze umfakisi akwazi ukuphatha ukwabiwa kwesikhala. Uma udinga i-firmware eyimfihlo (isibonelo, kuma-chip athile e-Wi-Fi), kungumqondo omuhle ukuthi uke walanda i-ISO efaka yona ngaphambilini.

Kuzo zombili izimo, khumbula njalo ukuthi ukufakwa kuzosula okuqukethwe yidiski lapho ukhetha ukuyifaka khona . Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uqale kabusha kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB, kuyalulekwa ukuthi wenze ikhophi yamadokhumenti akho abalulekile, izithombe, namanye amafayela kwenye idivayisi yokugcina. Ngemva kwenqubo, leyo PC endala, eyayinenkinga yokusebenzisa iWindows ngaphambilini, izoba nohlelo lwe-Linux lwesimanje, oluphephile, nolulula kakhulu.

Uma ukufakwa sekuqediwe futhi uqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho, izoqala ngqo kwi-distro yakho entsha ngaphandle kokubonisa iWindows. Ukusuka lapho, okudingeka ukwenze nje ukufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ozidingayo (isiphequluli, i-office suite, izidlali zemidiya, amaklayenti emidlalo, njll.) bese ujwayela indlela entsha yokwenza izinto, ozoyibona ukuthi ayihlukile kangako.

Ukuguqula i-PC yakho ibe yi-Linux kusuka ku-USB, kungaba ngohlelo oluphathekayo olubukhoma noma ngokulufaka njengohlelo olulodwa kuphela kudiski, kuvula iminyango eminingi: ungandisa impilo yehadiwe endala, uthuthe indawo yakho yokusebenza noma kuphi, usize ukulungisa amakhompyutha abanye abantu, futhi, ngeshwa, uzicwilise ohlelweni lwesofthiwe yamahhala futhi ufunde ukuphatha uhlelo lokusebenza olunamandla noluguquguqukayo olungaxhomekile emikhawulweni ye-Windows.