Indlela yokukhetha i-distro ye-Linux ngokusekelwe kuphrofayela yakho kanye ne-PC yakho

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Indlela yokukhetha i-distro ye-Linux ngokusekelwe kuphrofayela yakho kanye ne-PC yakho

Ukushintsha kusuka ku-Windows noma i-macOS uye ku-Linux akuseyona eyama-terminal geeks kuphela , kodwa isithiyo sokuqala cishe wonke umuntu abhekana naso siyafana: yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa okufanele ngifake futhi iyiphi indawo yedeskithophu okufanele ngiqale ngayo? Phakathi kwe-Ubuntu, i-Debian, i-Mint, i-Fedora, i-Arch, i-Zorin, i-Elementary, i-Pop!_OS, i-Manjaro, i-Rocky, i-AlmaLinux, i-Kali, i-Tails, i-Puppy, nokunye okunjalo, kulula ukuhlanya ngaphambi kokushisa i-ISO yokuqala ku-USB drive.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi "i-distro ephelele" yawo wonke umuntu, kodwa kunalokho i-distro efanele izidingo zakho, ihadiwe yakho, nokuthi ufuna ukwenzani ngekhompyutha yakho . Kulesi sihloko, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukhetha indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kanye nedeskithophu ngaphandle kokwenza isinqumo esingenangqondo: okufanele ucabangele, lokho ochwepheshe abakuncomayo, ukuthi yiziphi i-distros ezilungele abaqalayo, ukuthi yiziphi ezihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni, amaseva, ukuphepha kwe-cyber, imidlalo, noma imishini emidala, nokuthi ungazizama kanjani ngaphandle kokuphula noma yini.

Kuyini ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux futhi kungani ukukhetha okulungile kubalulekile?

Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux (noma i-"distro") uhlelo lokusebenza oluphelele olwakhiwe eduze kwe-kernel ye-Linux , lapho kufakwe khona isethi yamathuluzi, isofthiwe, umphathi wephakheji, indawo yedeskithophu, kanye nefilosofi ethile. Zonke zabelana ngomongo (i-kernel), kodwa izingxenye ezizungezile nendlela ezibuyekezwa ngayo ziyahlukahluka.

Isizathu sokuthi kube nokusatshalaliswa okuningi kwe-Linux ukuthi i-Linux iyi-modular futhi ingumthombo ovulekile : noma ubani angahlanganisa i-kernel, akhethe indawo yedeskithophu kanye nezinsiza, bese eyipakisha ngenhloso ethile. Yingakho kukhona ukusatshalaliswa okugxile kwabaqalayo, okunye okwenzelwe amaseva azinzile kakhulu, okunye okuqondiswe kubaduni kanye nabahloli bokungena, kanye nokunye kokucindezela ama-laptop ane-RAM engu-2GB kuze kufike emikhawulweni yawo—ama-laptop i-Windows engenakukwazi ukuwamela.

Ukukhetha ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kukusindisa ezinkingeni ezimbili ezijwayelekile : ukuphahlazeka nge-distro eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuqala ngayo (isibonelo, i-Arch noma i-Gentoo ngosuku lwakho lokuqala) noma ukuhluleka ngesistimu engasebenzi kahle ngehadiwe yakho, imidlalo yakho, noma umsebenzi wakho wokuthuthukisa.

Ngaphandle kokusatshalaliswa, i-Linux ithembele nakwemvelo yedeskithophu (DE) , okuyilokho okubonayo: amaphaneli, amamenyu, amafasitela. I-GNOME, i-KDE Plasma, i-Cinnamon, i-XFCE, i-Pantheon (Elementary), i-Budgie… ngayinye inesitayela sayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kanye nefilosofi yomsebenzisi, futhi ithonya kakhulu umbono wakho wokuthi "lokhu kufana ne-Windows," "lokhu kufana kakhulu ne-macOS," noma "lokhu kuncane kodwa kuyandiza kwi-laptop yami endala."

Izici ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokukhetha i-distro ye-Linux

Ngaphambi kokuthi usheshe ukulanda ama-ISO njengokuthi akukho kusasa, zinike isikhashana ucabangele izinto ezintathu: izinga lakho lekhono, ihadiwe yakho, kanye nalokho okudingeka ukwenze ngempela . Lokho kuzosusa ingxenye yezinketho futhi kwenze ukukhetha kwakho kube okunengqondo kakhulu.

1. Ulwazi lwakho kanye nokubekezelela "ukulwa" nohlelo . Uma uvela ku-Windows futhi into yobuchwepheshe kakhulu owake wayenza ukufaka i-Chrome, udinga i-distro ene-graphical installer elula, ideskithophu elula ukuyisebenzisa, kanye nomphakathi omkhulu ngemuva kwayo. Ubuntu, i-Linux Mint, i-Zorin OS, i-Pop!_OS, noma i-Elementary iyafanelana. Uma usuvele usebenzise i-terminal futhi ukhululekile ngezimvume, ama-partitions, nama-log, ungase ucabangele i-Fedora, i-Manjaro, i-openSUSE Tumbleweed, noma i-Arch.

2. Ihadiwe lapho uzofaka khona i-Linux . I-laptop yesimanje ene-RAM engu-8 GB noma ngaphezulu izosebenzisa cishe noma yikuphi ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kanye nendawo yedeskithophu ngaphandle kokukhathala (i-GNOME, i-KDE, i-Cinnamon, njll.). Kodwa uma uphinda usebenzise i-laptop yango-2010 ene-RAM engu-2-4 GB, kungcono ukukhetha izindawo ezilula njenge-XFCE, i-LXQt, noma ngisho nokusatshalaliswa okukhanyayo njenge-Puppy Linux noma i-Lubuntu/Xubuntu. Ukuthi unekhadi lehluzo le-NVIDIA nakho kubalulekile , ngoba emidlalweni noma ekusatshalalisweni komthombo ovulekile kakhulu (i-Fedora, eminye esekelwe ku-Debian), kungadingeka ukuthi ufake abashayeli abangochwepheshe ngesandla.

3. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko ozokunikeza ikhompyutha . I-laptop yokufunda nokuphequlula ayifani nomshini wokuthuthukisa iwebhu, iseva yasekhaya, indawo yokusebenza yezokuphepha kwe-cyber, noma i-PC ezinikele ekugembuleni nge-Steam ne-Proton. I-Linux inezinguqulo ezilungiselelwe isimo ngasinye : i-Fedora Workstation noma i-Arch/Manjaro yabathuthukisi, i-Ubuntu Server/Debian/Rocky/AlmaLinux yamaseva, i-Kali yokuhlola ukungena, i-Bazzite noma i-Nobara (esekelwe ku-Fedora) yokudlala imidlalo, kanye ne-Tails noma i-Qubes yokwazisa ubumfihlo obukhulu.

4. Umphakathi kanye namadokhumenti . Kuzokwenzeka ukuthi kube khona okungahambi kahle maduze: uxhumano lwe-Wi-Fi oluqinile, i-bootloader ye-GRUB engeke ivele, umshayeli wehluzo okhohlisayo, iphakheji ephuka ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza. Ukuba nomphakathi omkhulu kanye namadokhumenti amahle ngemuva kwakho (njengo-Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch, openSUSE, kanye neMint) kwenza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokukulungisa ngemizuzu eyishumi noma ukubuyela ku-Windows ngokukhungatheka.

Izindawo zedeskithophu ezinconyiwe ukuze uqalise

Iphutha elivame kakhulu lapho ukhetha ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux ukugxila kuphela egameni lokusatshalaliswa bese ukhohlwa ngendawo yedeskithophu . Kodwa-ke, ulwazi lwansuku zonke luthonywa kakhulu yindawo yedeskithophu oyisebenzisayo. Kumuntu osaqalayo, lezi yizinketho ezifanele kakhulu:

I-GNOME : indawo ezenzakalelayo yedeskithophu ku-Ubuntu nase-Fedora. Iqukethe ukwakheka okuncane kakhulu kanye nomsebenzi ohlukile , ngemisebenzi, ukubukwa kwamafasitela, kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezinqamuleli zekhibhodi. Ngokuvamile kuyashesha kakhulu kubasebenzisi abavela ku-macOS kunalabo abajwayele i-Windows yakudala, kodwa ngezandiso, kungenziwa kube lula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.

I-Cinnamon : indawo yedeskithophu eyinhloko ye-Linux Mint. Cishe iyona eseduze kakhulu ne-Windows 7/10 ku-Linux : Qala imenyu ekhoneni, ibha yomsebenzi, ithreyi yesistimu, kanye nemiphumela emincane. Ngokubukeka, akuyona into entsha, kodwa ikhululekile kakhulu, izinzile, futhi ilungele ukunqoba ukwesaba kokuqala.

I-XFCE : i-veteran, elula, esheshayo, futhi elula. Ilungele imishini emidala noma kulabo ababeka phambili ukusebenza kune-visual flourishes . Ngaphandle kwebhokisi, ibukeka isindala kancane, kodwa ngokulungiswa okumbalwa kanye netimu enhle, iba yinhle kakhulu. Ungayithola ku-Xubuntu, Manjaro XFCE, Debian XFCE, kanye ne-Fedora XFCE.

Indlela yokuhlanganisa i-Linux distro, imvelo yedeskithophu, kanye nemvamisa yokubuyekeza

Uma usucacile ukuthi iyiphi indawo yedeskithophu ekufanela kangcono, udinga ukukhetha ukusatshalaliswa ngokusekelwe emvamisa yokubuyekeza kanye nohlobo lwesistimu oyithandayo . Sizokwenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu lapha ngokusebenzisa imindeni emine emikhulu njengereferensi: i-Debian/Ubuntu/Mint, i-Fedora, i-Arch/Manjaro, kanye nezinhlobo zebhizinisi ezifana ne-Rocky/AlmaLinux.

Uma ufuna ukudlala ngokuphephile nge-GNOME njengendawo yakho yedeskithophu :

• I-Debian ene-GNOME: izibuyekezo ezinkulu njalo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuzinzeniKuhle uma ungenankinga nokuba nezinguqulo ezindala kancane zesofthiwe ukuze ungaphuli lutho.
• Ubuntu (GNOME)Izinguqulo ezintsha zikhishwa njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6, kodwa izinguqulo ze-LTS zigcinwa iminyaka emi-5. Inikeza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuzinza, futhi iyazigqaja ngomphakathi omkhulu kunayo yonke.
• I-Fedora WorkstationIkhishwa cishe njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6, yamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha ngokushesha okukhulu (Wayland, PipeWire, njll.). Khohlwa ngokuba neyakamuva nenhle kakhulu ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa izinto.
• Ezinye zisekelwe ku-Arch nge-GNOME (I-Manjaro GNOME, i-EndeavourOS + i-GNOME): Ukukhishwa okuhambayo ngamaphakheji amasha sha. Kuhle kakhulu uma ufuna isofthiwe yakho ihlale isesikhathini futhi ungesabi ukusebenzisa itheminali uma kukhona okungahambi kahle.

Uma uthanda i-KDE Plasma , i-logic efanayo iyasebenza ngezinambitheka zayo ezihambisanayo:

• I-Debian KDE uma ufuna ukuthula okuphezulu kanye nezinguquko ezihamba kancane.
• Kubuntu njengenketho ephakathi eyaziwayo, ekhishwa kabili ngonyaka.
• I-Fedora KDE Spin Uma ufuna ukuhlala usesikhathini nge-Plasma kanye nobuchwepheshe bamuva.
• EndeavourOS, Manjaro KDE noma okufanayo Uma ufisa indawo enamandla kakhulu futhi ehlala isesikhathini, esekelwe ku-Arch.

Ku-Cinnamon, isincomo esicacile sabaqalayo yi-Linux Mint . I-Cinnamon yathuthukiswa ngokubambisana ne-Mint, ngakho konke kuhlanganiswe kahle futhi kupholishiwe. Kukhona futhi inketho yokufaka i-Cinnamon kwezinye izinsiza, kodwa ukuqala, akunamsebenzi ukwenza izinto zibe nzima.

Uma ukhetha i-XFCE ye-performance , iphethini iyaziphinda:

• I-Debian XFCE ukuze kube nokuzinza okuphezulu njalo emakhulwini amabili eminyaka.
• Xubuntu uma ufuna ibhalansi efanele phakathi kobudala nokuzinza.
• I-Fedora XFCE ukuze ngibe nosuku olusha.
• I-Manjaro XFCE, i-EndeavorOS XFCE noma yiluphi uhlelo olusekelwe ku-Arch olune-XFCE uma unentshisekelo kufilosofi yokugoqa.

Ukusabalalisa okwenza kube lula kwabaqalayo

Uma lokhu kungukuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kokuqala okungathi sína nge-Linux futhi ufuna ideskithophu enezithombe esebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, lezi yizinketho ezilula nezithandwayo kakhulu , kokubili maqondana namadokhumenti kanye namathuluzi okufaka.

I-Ubuntu Desktop : mhlawumbe ukusatshalaliswa okwaziwa kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-ecosystem. Kususelwa ku-Debian, ngokukhishwa okuvamile kanye nezinguqulo ze-LTS ezigcinwe iminyaka emi-5 . Inesitolo sesofthiwe yehluzo, abashayeli abahlanganiswe kahle, kanye nezifundo eziningi. Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile ofuna ukuphequlula iwebhu, ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi, i-multimedia, nokwenza intuthuko eyisisekelo, kuyindlela ephephile.

I-Linux Mint (i-Cinnamon, i-MATE, noma i-XFCE) : Kwabaningi, yindawo engcono kakhulu yokungena uma uvela ku-Windows. I-Cinnamon ilingisa kakhulu isikhombimsebenzisi se-Windows esijwayelekile, ifaka ama-codec ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi iza namathuluzi ayo alula ukwenza amakhophi wesipele sesistimu, izibuyekezo, kanye nokubuyiselwa . Ukugxila kwe-Mint kukuthembela ngendlela eyisicefe, futhi lokho, okokuqala, kuyisibusiso.

I-Zorin OS : ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Ubuntu okune -interface ecwebezelayo kakhulu engalingisa ukubukeka kwe-Windows noma i-macOS ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje . Ihloselwe kakhulu ukufuduka kusuka ku-Windows, kokubili ngokubonakalayo kanye nezici ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise amafayela athile e-.exe nge-Wine. Kubantu abafuna into "ebukeka njengaleyo abayazi kakade," kuyisisombululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu.

I-OS eyisisekelo : yenzelwe labo abazisa kakhulu ubuhle besitayela se-Apple. Isekelwe ku-Ubuntu LTS, ifaka ideskithophu ye-Pantheon kanye ne-AppCenter ekhethiwe efaka kuphela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisana nomklamo wesistimu. Ayiguquguquki kangako kunezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ngokwezifiso, kodwa imnandi kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa emsebenzini wasehhovisi, ekufundeni, nasemisebenzini yansuku zonke.

I-Pop!_OS : yathuthukiswa yi-System76. Ihloselwe kakhulu ukukhiqiza, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokudlala imidlalo, ngokufakwa amathayili, ukuphathwa kahle kwezithombe ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nabashayeli bezithombe abahlanganisiwe . Kodwa-ke, njengoba begxile endaweni yabo entsha ye-COSMIC, ezinye izinguqulo ezindala zithole umsebenzi omncane; kungcono ukusebenzisa ukukhishwa kwakamuva okuzinzile okunconywe yiphrojekthi.

Izakhiwo ezifanelekile zokufunda, ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuzama

Uma usuvele unesipiliyoni nge-Linux noma ucabanga ngonjiniyela, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizokwenza impilo yakho ibe lula kakhulu , kokubili ngenxa yokuthi amaphakheji azo asanda kukhishwa kanye namathuluzi azifaka ngokuzenzakalelayo.

I-Fedora Workstation : ixhaswe yi-Red Hat, yindawo yokuhlola ubuchwepheshe obuzofakwa kamuva ku-RHEL. Inikeza i-GNOME ehlanganiswe kahle, ukwesekwa okuqinile kwesitsha (i-Podman, i-Kubernetes), i-SELinux enikwe amandla, kanye nezinguqulo zakamuva kakhulu zezilimi nama-toolchain . Kuhle kakhulu uma ufuna ukuhlela ngobuchwepheshe bamuva ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi uhlanganisa.

I-Arch Linux : ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okudumile "okwenziwe ngokwakho". Ukufakwa ngesandla nge-terminal, uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluncane, kanye nemodeli yokukhipha eqhubekayo enikeza isofthiwe yakamuva . Akukhuthazwa njengesingeniso sokuqala ku-Linux, kodwa kuyisipiliyoni esihle kakhulu sokufunda endleleni i-Linux esebenza ngayo ngaphansi kwe-hood. I-Arch Wiki cishe iyidokhumenti yobuchwepheshe engcono kakhulu ye-ecosystem.

I-Manjaro : Uma uthanda umbono we-Arch kodwa ungafuni ukubhekana nenqubo yokufaka, i-Manjaro iyindlela emfushane enhle. Ifaka isifaki sezithombe, ukutholwa kwehadiwe, ama-kernel alula ukuwashintsha, kanye nokufinyelela ku-Arch User Repository (AUR) , kodwa ngesendlalelo sokuhlola ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa ukuvimbela konke ukuthi kuphuke ngokucasula okuncane.

I-openSUSE Leap kanye ne-Tumbleweed : I-Leap iyigatsha elizinzile, elabelana ngesisekelo ne-SUSE Linux Enterprise; i-Tumbleweed iyinambitheka yokukhululwa eqhubekayo, enezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo kodwa ukuhlolwa okuqinile kusetshenziswa i-openQA. Zihlanganisa i-YaST, ithuluzi lokuphatha uhlelo lwezithombe elinamandla, futhi ngokuvamile ziyinketho yabasebenzisi abafuna ulwazi lwe-KDE Plasma olucwebezelisiwe . Nge-Btrfs kanye ne-Snapper, ungakha izithombe bese ubuyela ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini ngemuva kokubuyekezwa okuyinkinga.

Ama-derivative ebhizinisi: i-Rocky Linux ne-AlmaLinux : lawa "ayizindlalifa ezingokomoya" ze-CentOS yakudala. Ama-clone amabili e-RHEL, agcinwa yimiphakathi kanye nezisekelo, anemijikelezo emide yokusekela (cishe iminyaka eyi-10) . Ilungele amaseva okukhiqiza, ama-VPS, kanye nezindawo lapho ukuthuthukiswa njalo kuyiphupho elibi.

Ukusatshalaliswa okukhethekile: ukuphepha, ubumfihlo, amaseva, kanye nemidlalo

Ngaphandle kokusabalalisa okujwayelekile, uhlelo lwe-Linux lugcwele ukunambitheka okugxile kakhulu okwenzelwe imisebenzi ethile. Zingamathuluzi anamandla, kodwa ngenxa yaleso sizathu, akuzona zonke ezifanele njengesistimu yedeskithophu yansuku zonke.

I-Kali Linux : Igxile ngokuphelele ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi kanye nokugenca ngokuziphatha. Iza namathuluzi angaphezu kuka-600 afakwe kusengaphambili okuhlola ukungena, ukuhlolwa kwedijithali, ukuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi, ubunjiniyela obubuyela emuva, nokuningi. Igcinwa yi-Offensive Security, yakha isisekelo sezifundo eziningi kanye nezitifiketi. Akuhlosiwe njengokusabalalisa okusetshenziswa nsuku zonke; ilungiselelwe ukuhlolwa okukodwa, ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa bukhoma kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB.

I-Tails : yenzelwe ukungaziwa kakhulu kanye nobumfihlo. Isebenza kwimodi ebukhoma kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB, yonke ithrafikhi idlula ku-Tor, futhi uma ivaliwe, isula umkhondo wayo wedijithali (i-amnesia) . Ilungele izintatheli, izishoshovu, noma noma ngubani odinga ngempela ukunciphisa umkhondo wabo wedijithali. Akunconywa njengohlelo oluyinhloko lokusetshenziswa okuvamile: luhamba kancane futhi lunqunyelwe ukwakheka.

I-Rocky Linux, i-AlmaLinux, i-Ubuntu Server, kanye ne-Debian : lawa magama avame ukukhulunywa ngawo uma kukhulunywa ngamaseva. I-Debian kanye ne-Ubuntu Server zaziwa ngemiphakathi yazo eqinile kanye nemibhalo ebanzi; i-Rocky kanye ne-AlmaLinux ngokuhambisana kwazo okungu-1:1 ne-RHEL kanye nemijikelezo yazo emide yokuphila . Uma ufuna ukusetha i-VPS yamaphrojekthi ewebhu, izinsizakalo zangaphakathi, noma izindawo zokukhiqiza ezingathi sína, lawa amaphuzu okuqala anengqondo.

Ukusatshalaliswa okugxile emidlalweni njenge-Bazzite ne-Nobara : kokubili kusekelwe ku-Fedora, ngama-patches amaningi kanye nokulungiswa kwemidlalo (i-Proton, i-Wine, i-OBS, abashayeli bezithombe, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okufana ne-Steam Deck endabeni ka-Bazzite). Umqondo uwukuthi ungafaka, ungene ngemvume ku-Steam, futhi udlale ngaphandle kokuchitha impelasonto ulungiselela izinto . Noma kunjalo, ngaphambi kokungena, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwezihloko zakho ozithandayo ku-ProtonDB, ikakhulukazi lezo ezilwa nokukhohlisa okunamandla.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okulula kwemishini emidala: I-Puppy Linux, i-Lubuntu, i-Xubuntu, i-Linux Lite, i-Slax… Bonke bagxila kakhulu kumakhompyutha ane-RAM elinganiselwe nama-CPU amadala. I-Puppy ilayisha cishe yonke into ku-RAM futhi ithatha amakhulu ambalwa MB kuphela; I-Lubuntu isebenzisa i-LXQt; I-Xubuntu isebenzisa i-XFCE ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu; I-Linux Lite ne-Slax zilandela indlela efanayo. Uma une-laptop i-Windows eyibeke eceleni, i-Linux cishe iyithuba layo lokugcina lokuthola impilo entsha.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile lapho ukhetha futhi usebenzisa i-distro yakho yokuqala ye-Linux

Uma uqala ukusebenzisa i-Linux, kulula ukuzithola ubambeke kakhulu ekusatshisweni okuvela ku-Reddit noma ku-YouTube bese wenza amaphutha ambalwa abuhlungu kakhulu . Kulungile, kuyingxenye yenqubo, kodwa kungcono ukuwagwema kusukela ekuqaleni.

1. Ukuqala nge-Arch, i-Gentoo, noma okufanayo ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini kuyingozi . Uzochitha isikhathi esiningi ulwa nokufakwa kanye nokucushwa kunokusebenzisa uhlelo. Ukukhungatheka kukhulu, futhi ijika lokufunda alifaneleki ngomzamo wokuqala. Kunengqondo kakhulu ukuqala nge-Ubuntu, i-Mint, i-Zorin, noma okufanayo , bese kuthi, uma usukhululekile, ungangena ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

2. Ukufaka izindawo ezinhlanu zedeskithophu ngesikhathi esisodwa "ukuhlola" kuyiphutha elivamile . I-GNOME, i-KDE, i-XFCE, i-Cinnamon, nabanye bafaka amaphakheji amaningi ngamunye. Ugcina unesistimu egcwele ama-duplicate, amamenyu adidayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza okwandisiwe . Kungcono ukufaka ukusatshalaliswa okuhlanzekile ngendawo yedeskithophu, ukuvivinye ku-USB ebukhoma, futhi uma unganelisekile, zama i-ISO ehlukile.

3. Ukungayinaki ngokuphelele i-terminal noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukopisha imiyalo ngaphandle kokuyifunda . I-distro yesimanje ikuvumela ukuthi wenze cishe yonke into ngamathuluzi okuqopha, kodwa ukufunda imiyalo emine eyisisekelo (ls, cd, sudo, apt/dnf/pacman, man) kuzokongela amahora . Kodwa-ke, ungakopishi futhi unamathisele noma yini evela kumaforamu noma kumabhulogi ngaphandle kokuqonda okungenani ukuthi yenzani; umyalo we-rm ongafakwanga kahle ungonakalisa idatha yakho.

4. Ukugcizelela ukusebenzisa wonke amafayela e-Windows .exe ngqo . I-Wine ne-Proton zingasebenza izimangaliso, kodwa aziwona umlingo. Into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuhlola kuqala ukuthi uhlelo lunenguqulo ye-Linux yomdabu noma enye indlela yamahhala engcono (i-LibreOffice, i-GIMP, i-Kdenlive, njll.) . Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ze-Windows ezingenayo indawo yazo, ungasebenzisa i-Wine noma umshini obonakalayo.

5. Ukungakwenzi isipele ngaphambi kokufaka noma ukuhlola ukwahlukanisa . Kuzwakala kuhlekisa, kodwa nsuku zonke abantu basusa ngephutha ukwahlukanisa kwabo kwe-Windows noma idatha yabo ngokungayifundi kahle isifaki. Ukwenza isipele samadokhumenti akho abalulekile nokunaka isikrini sokuhlukanisa kuyimpoqo, akuyona into ongayikhetha.

Ungazama kanjani i-Linux distros ngaphandle kokuthinta idiski yakho

Enye yamandla amakhulu e-Linux yikhono lokuhlola izinhlelo eziphelele ngaphandle kokuzifaka ku-hard drive yakho . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuhambisana kwehadiwe, ukusebenza, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.

Indlela yomshini obonakalayo (i-VirtualBox, i-VMware, njll.) : Ufaka uhlelo lwe-virtualization ohlelweni lwakho lwamanje, udale umshini obonakalayo, wabe isikhala se-RAM nediski, bese ufaka i-ISO njengokungathi yi-DVD. Lokhu kulungele ukubuka isikhombimsebenzisi nokuzama kancane ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho , kodwa akubonisi njalo ukuhambisana kwehadiwe ngokunembile (ikakhulukazi i-Wi-Fi ne-GPU).

Amathuluzi afana ne-Ventoy enza kube lula kakhulu inqubo yokuzama ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okuhlukile . Uyifaka kanye kudrayivu ye-USB, bese kusukela lapho umane ukopishe ama-ISO kudrayivu njengokungathi angamafayela ajwayelekile. Uma uqala, kuvela imenyu lapho ukhetha khona ukuthi iyiphi i-ISO ozoyiqalisa. Ungaba ne-Ubuntu, i-Mint, i-Fedora, i-Manjaro, ne-Zorin kudrayivu ye-USB efanayo ngaphandle kokufometha isikhathi ngasinye.

Ukuchitha imizuzu engama-30-40 uhlola i-distro ebukhoma ngaphambi kokuyifaka kukusindisa ezinkingeni eziningi : uhlola ukuthi ihadiwe iyaphendula yini, ubone ukuthi uyayithanda yini indawo yedeskithophu, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza akulibazisi emshinini wakho.

Izinyathelo zokuqala ngemuva kokufaka i-distro yakho entsha

Uma usunqumile, ufake uhlelo futhi waluqalisa kabusha okokuqala, kunemisebenzi embalwa eyisisekelo okufanele uyenze ukuze uhlelo lwakho lwe-Linux lusebenze kahle futhi lulungele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Ukuvuselela uhlelo : Okokuqala, vula umphathi wokuvuselela wezithombe noma i-terminal bese usebenzisa umyalo ofanele (sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade ku-Debian/Ubuntu/Mint, sudo dnf update ku-Fedora, sudo pacman -Syu ku-Arch/Manjaro…). Lokhu kuletha ama-patches okuphepha, ukulungiswa kwamaphutha, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzinza.

Faka isofthiwe ebalulekile oyiphuthelwe . Ukusatshalaliswa ngakunye kwe-Linux kuza nesethi yayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza, kodwa cishe uzofuna ukwengeza isiphequluli sakho osithandayo, iklayenti le-imeyili, umphathi wephasiwedi, i-office suite, isidlali semidiya, umphathi wegeyimu, njalo njalo. Esikhundleni sokufuna abafaki kumawebhusayithi ngamanye, jwayela ukusebenzisa isitolo sesofthiwe noma umphathi wephakheji , okuyindlela ephephile nesesikhathini yokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-Linux.

Zijwayeze ngendawo yedeskithophu : amamenyu, izinqamuleli, iphaneli yezilungiselelo, uhlelo lwefayela. Zinike isikhathi sokwenza ngezifiso izisekelo: ulimi, ukwakheka kwekhibhodi, indawo yesikhathi, ukubukeka, ukuziphatha kwewindi . Uma indawo izwakala sengathi yenziwe ngokwezifiso, mancane amathuba okuthi ubuyele emuva.

Funda imiyalo emine ebalulekile ye-terminal ukuze uyiqonde kahle i-terminal : `ls` ukufaka amafayela ohlwini, `cd` ukuhambisa phakathi kwamafolda, `pwd` ukubona indawo yakho yamanje, `man` ukufinyelela usizo lomyalo, kanye nomphathi wephakheji we-distro yakho (apt, dnf, pacman, zypper, njll.). Awudingi ukuyikhumbula yonke ngesikhathi esisodwa ; vele ujwayele ukuyisebenzisa nsuku zonke esikhundleni sokugwema i-terminal njengokungathi inamandla okusakaza.

Ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma into iphuka kubalulekile . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzohlangana nohlelo lwe-GRUB olungabonisi i-Windows ekusethweni kwe-dual boot, isibonelo, lapho ufaka i-Linux eceleni kwe-Windows , iphakheji ephukile, noma isibuyekezo esishiya okuthile kungaqediwe. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile ze-Debian/Ubuntu, imiyalo efana ne-`sudo update-grub`, `sudo apt --fix-broken install`, noma i-`sudo dpkg --configure -a` ivame ukukukhipha enkingeni . Futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, khumbula ukuthi ukubuza imibuzo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nasemiphakathini (ngesiSpanishi noma ngesiNgisi) kuyingxenye yenqubo.

Uma usufinyelele kuleli qophelo futhi usuvele ucacile ukuthi iyiphi i-Linux distro efanelana kahle nephrofayili yakho, imigomo, kanye nekhompyutha yakho, usuphakathi nendawo . Kusukela lapha, kuyindaba yokufaka, ukuhlola, ukwephula izinto ezimbalwa, ukuzilungisa ngosizo lomphakathi, kanye nokwakha kancane kancane uhlelo oluzwakala njengolwakho ngempela, ngaphandle kwamalayisense abizayo noma amabhokisi amnyama anquma izinketho zakho.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Linux kumodi ebukhoma kanye ne-USB ebukhoma: izinzuzo, ukusetshenziswa kanye nemikhawulo