- Ukwazi kahle i-syntax ye-Linux eyisisekelo kanye nemiyalo ebalulekile kusheshisa noma yimuphi umsebenzi kudeskithophu kanye nezinhlelo zeseva.
- Ukuhlanganisa ukuzulazula, ukuphathwa kwamafayela, umbhalo, kanye nezinqubo kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kusuka ku-terminal.
- Izinqamuleli zekhibhodi, umlando, kanye namagama ayimfihlo kunciphisa amaphutha kanye nesikhathi sokuthayipha lapho usebenza ku-console nsuku zonke.
- Ukulawula izimvume, izinqubo, kanye nenethiwekhi ngamathuluzi afana ne-chmod, ps, kill, ping, noma i-htop kukunikeza ukulawula okuphelele kwesistimu.
Uma usebenzisa amakhompyutha nsuku zonke, uzohlangana ne-Linux ngokushesha noma kamuva. Nakuba inesabelo esincane semakethe kuma-desktop , iningi lamaseva, izinsizakalo zamafu, kanye nezinsizakalo zewebhu zisebenza kulolu hlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyayithanda noma cha, ukwazi amaqhinga nemiyalo ye-Linux kwenza umehluko omkhulu lapho uphatha i-VPS, iseva yokukhiqiza, noma ngisho nokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kwi-laptop yakho. Ukubonisana nezinsiza eziku-inthanethi ze-Linux nakho kuyasiza lapho ufunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Linux iyipulatifomu ekhethwa kakhulu ngabathuthukisi abaningi abangochwepheshe, abaphathi bezinhlelo, kanye nabasebenzisi abathuthukile. Lokhu akulona iphutha: iyisofthiwe yomugqa wemiyalo yamahhala, ezinzile, ephephile, futhi enamandla kakhulu . Ngemiyalo embalwa efundiwe kahle, izinqamuleli zekhibhodi, kanye namaqhinga ambalwa ahlakaniphile, ungenza imisebenzi ngemizuzwana engathatha imizuzu eminingi kanye nokuchofoza okuningana ku-interface yesithombe. Ukuqonda i -interface yomugqa wemiyalo kukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi kuyo.
Uyini umyalo we-Linux futhi uhlelwe kanjani?
Umyalo we-Linux umane nje uwuhlelo noma umsizi osebenza kusukela ku-terminal . I-terminal, noma i-console, iyi-interface esekelwe kumbhalo lapho uthayipha khona imiyalelo uhlelo oluyichazayo futhi luyisebenzise ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwezingqimba eziphakathi noma amafasitela.
Izenzo eziningi ozenzayo ku-interface yesithombe, empeleni, izingcingo zomyalo . Uma uvala ifasitela, ukopisha ifayela, noma ufaka uhlelo oluvela kumphathi wesithombe, imiyalo efanayo empeleni iyasetshenziswa ngemuva.
I-syntax evamile yomyalo we-Linux inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: igama lomyalo, izinketho, kanye namapharamitha . Ungacabanga ngayo njengomshwana omncane kakhulu lapho isenzo singumyalo kanti okunye kucacisa lokho ofuna ukukwenza.
I-Las izinketho (noma amafulegi) Zishintsha indlela umyalo osebenza ngayo. Ngokuvamile zibhalwa nge-hyphen (-l) noma kabili (--longKukhona amafulegi asebenzisa izindlela ezithile, ashintsha ifomethi yokukhipha, noma acele ukuqinisekiswa okusebenzisanayo.
Amapharamitha noma izimpikiswano ziyizinto ezifakwayo umyalo ozidingayo: izindlela zamafayela, amagama abasebenzisi, amaphethini okusesha, amakheli e-IP, njll. Ezimweni eziningi, ukulandelana kwalezi zimpikiswano kubalulekile, ngakho-ke kungumqondo omuhle ukunaka i-syntax eqondile eboniswe emakhasini e-man.
Izidingo kanye nokufinyelela esigungwini
Ukuze usebenzise wonke la maqhinga udinga ukuba ne- umugqa womyalo osebenzayoKudeskithophu ye-Linux, ungayivula ngezinhlanganisela ezifana I-Ctrl + Alt + T noma ngokusesha "Itheminali" kumenyu yezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Uma usebenza neseva ekude, uzovame ukuxhuma nge I-SSH evela kwenye ikhompyuthakusetshenziswa amaklayenti afana ne-PuTTY ku-Windows noma i-terminal uqobo ku-Linux kanye ne-macOS. Ukufinyelela kuvame ukuba ngale ndlela: ssh usuario@ip_del_servidorUma ungenayo i-Linux efakiwe endaweni, enye inketho ukusebenzisa I-Linux emshinini we-virtual ukuzijwayeza.
Labo abaqala nge-Linux kuseva ye-VPS bangathembela kumaphaneli okulawula anikeza i -web terminal ehlanganisiwe , okususa isidingo sokufaka noma yini emshinini wabo wendawo. Abanye abahlinzeki bafaka ama-wizard asebenzisa i-AI aphakamisa imiyalo ngokusekelwe esenzweni osithandayo, ithuluzi eliwusizo uma ungakakhululeki ngokugcwele nge-syntax. Uma ukhetha ukuzijwayeza efwini, izinketho ezifana nama- terminal e-Linux aku-inthanethi ziyatholakala.
Ngaphambi kokungena emisebenzini ethuthukile, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhululeke ukuzulazula ohlelweni lwamafayela. I-terminal inikeza imiyalo elula yokukuqondisa nokushintsha amafolda ngokushesha.
Umyalo pwd (uhlu lwemibhalo olusebenzayo lokuphrinta) lukukhombisa indlela ephelele yesikhombisi samanje, Ngokwesibonelo /home/usuario/DocumentosKuyikhampasi yakho lapho ungakhumbuli ukuthi ukuphi.
Ukubhala okuqukethwe kwifolda oyisebenzisayo ls, imibukiso amafayela kanye nezinhlu zemibhalo ezingaphansiUngangeza izinketho ezifana nokuthi -a ukubona izinto ezifihliwe noma -lh ukuze uzibuke ngosayizi ofundekayo njengo-MB noma u-GB.
Ukushintsha iziqondisi kwenziwa nge cdUngahamba usebenzisa imizila ephelele noma ehlobene, futhi usebenzise izinqamuleli ezifana cd .. ukukhuphula izinga, cd - ukubuyela kufolda yangaphambilini noma ukumane cd / cd ~ ukuze ubuyele kufolda yakho yomuntu siqu.
Uma ushintsha njalo phakathi kwezindawo ezifanayo, kuyasiza kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi igobolondo ligcina umlando womzila wangaphambiliniKuhlanganiswe nemiyalo efana pushd y popdUngaphatha "inqwaba" yezinhlu zemibhalo bese ugxuma phakathi kwazo ngokushesha, yize lokho kuyiqhinga elithuthuke kancane.
Ukuphatha izincwajana namafayela kusuka ku-console
I-Linux yakhelwe ukuze ukwazi ukudala, ukukopisha, ukuhambisa, nokususa amafayela ngokushesha ku-terminal, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvula i-graphical file explorer. Isihluthulelo siwukwazi kahle imiyalo embalwa.
Ukuze udale amafolda amasha owasebenzisayo mkdirUngacacisa umzila owodwa noma eminingana, bese uthembela ku- izinketho ezifana -p ukukhiqiza izihlahla eziphelele (ngokwesibonelo, mkdir -p Musica/2025/Album Izodala wonke amafolda aphakathi uma engekho.
Uma wenza iphutha noma ungasadingi isiqondisi esingenalutho, umyalo rmdir vumela yisuse njalo uma nje ingenalutho ngaphakathiUma inamafolda amancane noma amafayela, kuzodingeka usebenzise rm -r noma ukuhlela kabusha okuqukethwe kwayo kusengaphambili, noma ukufunda ukwenza kanjalo Ukuqamba kabusha ifolda ku-Linux uma okufunayo ukushintsha igama.
Ukususwa kwefayela kuqediwe nge rmokunamandla kodwa kuyingozi. Ungasusa into eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, uhlanganise izinketho ezifana nokuthi -i ukufuna isiqinisekiso, -f ukuphoqa ngaphandle kokubuza futhi -r ukususa izincwajana ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Ukukopisha izakhi kufezwa nge cpNgenhlanganisela elula ungakwazi phinda ifayela elilodwa noma amaningi kwenye ifolda, bhala ifayela elinegama elihlukile noma ukopishe umuthi wonke ngokungeza -R ukuze kube yinto ephindaphindayo.
Uma ufuna ukuhambisa noma ukuqamba kabusha amafayela, uzosebenzisa mvUma indawo okuyiwa kuyo ifolda ehlukile, ifayela lishintsha indawoUma indawo okuyiwa kuyo igama elingaphakathi kwesikhombisi esifanayo, umane uyiqambe kabusha ngaphandle kokuyihambisa. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi kanjani Ukuqamba kabusha amafayela ku-Linux Uneziqondiso ezithile.
Umyalo touch Kusebenza kokubili dala amafayela angenalutho njengokuvuselela izitembu zesikhathi zokufinyelela nokuguqulwa. Kuwusizo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ngokushesha amafayela noma izikripthi zokuhlola ongazihlela.
Okokugcina, uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ifayela liluhlobo luni (umbhalo, isithombe, i-binary, njll.), umyalo file ihlaziya okuqukethwe kwayo kanye chaza uhlobo lwayookukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yiliphi ithuluzi ozolisebenzisa ukuze ulivule noma ukuthi uzolicubungula kanjani.
Sesha futhi uthole amafayela
Njengoba uhlelo lukhula, ukuthola ngesandla lokho okufunayo kuba yinto engenakwenzeka. I-Linux inikeza izinsiza eziningana zokulandelela amafayela ngegama, iphethini, noma indawo ngokunemba okukhulu.
Umyalo find Idlula ezinhlotsheni zeziqondisi futhi ivumela ukuhlunga ngegama, uhlobo, usayizi, usuku lokuguqulwa, kanye nezinye izindlela eziningi. Isibonelo, ungakwazi thola wonke amaskripthi e-Python kufolda yakho yamanje ngento efana nokuthile find ./ -type f -name "*.py".
Lapho usebenzisa find Ungacacisa indlela eyisisekelo yokuqala ukusesha, izinketho ezahlukene zokuhlunga, kanye nesisho sokugcina esichaza lokho ofuna ukukuthola. Lokhu kuyindlela evamile. hlanganisa nezenzo ukuze usebenzise umyalo kumdlalo ngamunye..
Elinye ithuluzi elifanayo, kodwa lisekelwe ku- isizindalwazi esibhalwe phansi sesistimu, kunjalo locateNgemva kokubuyekeza inkomba, ikuvumela ukuthi useshe cishe ngokushesha imizila equkethe amagama athile, ngezinketho ezifana nalezi -i ukunganaki izinhlamvu ezinkulu noma amaphethini anezinkanyezi ukuze useshe ngendlela eguquguqukayo.
Ukucindezelwa, amafayela, kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha
Ezindaweni zeseva nezokuthuthukiswa, kuvamile kakhulu ukupakisha izinto eziningi, ukuzicindezela, nokuzihambisa phakathi kwemishini. I-Linux ihlanganisa amathuluzi akudala alo lonke lolu hlelo lokusebenza, angasetshenziswa ngqo kusuka ku-terminal.
Ukuhlanganisa iziqondisi namafayela esitsheni esisodwa, ngokuvamile uzosebenzisa tarUngakha ingobo yomlando, uyicindezele ngokushesha, uyikhiphe, noma ubhale okuqukethwe kwayo ohlwini, konke ngezinketho ezithile. Ngokuvamile, kuyinto hlanganisa amafulegi ukuze udale amafayela acindezelwe, Ngokwesibonelo tar -cvzf backup.tar.gz carpeta/.
Uma ufuna ukusebenza ngefomethi ye-ZIP, esetshenziswa kabanzi ngaphandle kwezwe le-Unix, imiyalo zip y unzip vumela Khiqiza futhi ukhiphe amafayela e-ZIP Kulula. Ungalungisa izinga lokucindezela, ukhethe ukuthi yini ozoyifaka, noma ukuthi uzoyisusa kuphi ingcindezi yokuqukethwe.
Uma udinga ukuletha izinsiza ezivela kwi-inthanethi ngendlela engaxhumani, wget y curl Bangabangane bakho. wget landa amafayela noma wonke amasayithi usebenzisa I-HTTP, i-HTTPS noma i-FTPKuhle kakhulu ekulayisheni ngokuzenzakalela kusuka kuzikripthi. curlNgaphezu kokulanda idatha, ungaxhumana nama-API, ushintshe izindlela ze-HTTP, uthumele ama-header ngokwezifiso, noma ulayishe amafayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi ethile kungadinga... hlela ifayela labasingathi.
Ukuze ukopishe okuqukethwe ngokuphephile phakathi kwemishini, usebenzisa scpokuhlanganisa amandla ephrothokholi ye-SSH kanye nokulula komyalo olula. Ungakwazi thumela noma wamukele amafayela nezinhlu zemibhalo okubonisa indlela yokuqala kanye nendlela yokuya endaweni ethile ngefomethi usuario@servidor:/rutafuthi ulungise imininingwane efana ne-port noma i-compression ngezinketho zayo.
Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukucindezela ngezinye izindlela esikhundleni se-gzip, kuyasiza ukwazi izinsiza ezithile: uma usebenza ne-bzip2, isibonelo, ukufunda ukuba yingcweti ye-bzip ku-Linux kuzokusiza ukulungisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nesivinini.
Ukubonisa, ukuhlunga, nokuhlela umbhalo kukhonsoli
Ku-Linux, cishe konke kuvezwa njengombhalo: ukucushwa, amalogi, izikripthi, umphumela womyalo… Yingakho ukwazi amathuluzi okubuka, ukusesha, nokuguqula umbhalo kungenye yamaqhinga anamandla kakhulu ongawafunda.
Ukuze ubuke ngokushesha okuqukethwe kwefayela, usebenzisa catokuphrinta konke ku-okukhiphayo okujwayelekile. Kuwusizo kakhulu ku- hlola amafayela amancane ngokushesha noma ukuhlanganisa eziningana zibe yinye, uqondise kabusha umphumela kwenye ifayela.
Uma ifayela likhulu, kulula kakhulu ukulincika lessIkuvumela ukuthi uskrole phezulu naphansi, useshe amaphethini, bese uphuma ngaphandle kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko. Kuyinhlanganisela ewusizo kakhulu phakathi kwesibukeli esinamakhasi kanye nomhleli olula, ofanele kakhulu hlola izingodo ezibanzi.
Uma unesifiso sokuqala noma sokugcina ifayela kuphela, ngokulandelana head y tail Baphrinta imigqa yokuqala noma yokugcina. Ngezinketho ezifana -n Ungalungisa ukuthi zingaki imigqa Bheka, okuyinto enhle kakhulu yokubheka isihloko se-CSV noma ukuqapha amarekhodi akamuva angeziwe.
Ukuthola imigqa equkethe iphethini ethile, isihluthulelo grepNgalo ungakwazi sesha amagama, izinkulumo ezivamile, noma izingxenye zombhalo kufayela elilodwa noma ngaphezulu, bala ukuthi avela kangaki, hlunga ngosonhlamvukazi abakhulu/abancane nokunye okuningi.
Uma udinga ukuhlela umbhalo ngaphandle kokuvula umhleli wezithombe, sed Kuyasebenza. Kungumhleli wokugeleza ovumela shintsha, susa noma khipha imigqa kusekelwe kumaphethini, futhi kuyasiza kakhulu ekulungiseni ngokuzenzakalela amafayela okucushwa noma inani elikhulu ledatha.
Ukuze uthole imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokukhipha nokucubungula, awk Isebenza njengolimi oluncane lokuhlela olusekelwe kumbhalo. Ikuvumela ukuthi sebenza ngamakholomu, sebenzisa imisebenzi yezibalo, sebenzisa imibandela futhi ukhiqize imibiko evela kumafayela ahlelekile.
Imiyalo efana sort, uniq, comm noma ukusetshenziswa column Zisiza ukuhlunga, ukususa amakhophi aphindaphindiwe, ukuqhathanisa amafayela umugqa nomugqa, kanye ukwethula idatha ngendlela efundeka kalula, ikakhulukazi uma zisebenza ndawonye zixhunywe ngamapayipi (|).
Izimvume, abasebenzisi, kanye nokuphepha okuyisisekelo
Enye yezinsika ze-Linux imodeli yayo yezimvume. Ifayela ngalinye linomnikazi , iqembu, kanye nesethi yezimvume ezihambisanayo ezilawula ukuthi ubani ongafunda, aguqule, noma ayisebenzise.
Umyalo chmod Isetshenziselwa ukushintsha lezo zimvume. Ungakwenza ngokubhala okungokomfanekiso (r, w, x kokufunda, ukubhala, kanye nokwenza) noma ngamanani ezinombolo afana 755 noma 644 kuye ngokuthi yini ofuna ukuyinikaUkusetshenziswa okujwayelekile ukwenza iskripthi sisebenze nge chmod +x script.sh.
Uma udinga ukushintsha ubunikazi befayela noma ifolda, chown ikuvumela ukuthi uyinikeze omunye umsebenzisi kanye/noma iqembuLokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kuphathwa izinsizakalo ezidinga ukusebenza kuma-akhawunti athile anezimvume ezilinganiselwe.
Uma izenzo zokuphatha zidinga ukwenziwa, njengokufaka amaphakheji noma ukuguqula amafayela esistimu, lokhu kuyaqala ukusebenza sudoLo myalo ukhipha umyalo olandelayo nge amalungelo superuser, ngemva kokuqinisekisa ngephasiwedi yakho, futhi kuyindlela enconywayo yokugwema ukusebenza unomphela njengempande.
Umyalo passwdNgakolunye uhlangothi, ikuvumela shintsha iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti yakho (noma abanye uma unezimvume ezifanele). Iqala ngokucela iphasiwedi yamanje bese kuba entsha, futhi kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukuvimba ukufinyelela kwabasebenzisi ababalulekile. Ngokulawulwa kokufinyelela kwenethiwekhi kanye nama-firewall, kuyasiza futhi ukwazi. iptables ku-Linux.
Ukuphathwa kwenqubo, izinsiza, kanye nokuvalwa kwesistimu
Elinye isethi ebalulekile yamaqhinga e-Linux lihilela ukuqapha ukuthi yini esebenzayo , ukuthi inqubo ngayinye idla malini, nokuthi ilawulwa kanjani uhlelo ngokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kumaseva angenayo indawo enezithombe.
Umyalo ps Inikeza isithombe sezinqubo ezisebenzayo ezihlobene neseshini yakho noma lonke uhlelo, kuye ngezinketho. Uzobona isihlonzi (i-PID), i-terminal ehlobene, isikhathi se-CPU esichithwe, kanye nomyalo oqalise inqubo ngayinye, okwenza kube lula... thola izinhlelo ezilayishiwe.
Ukuze uthole umbono wesikhathi sangempela olula kakhudlwana, top futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke htop Zibonisa izinqubo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU, inkumbulo, umthwalo omaphakathi, nezinye izinkomba. Inguqulo esebenzisana nayo ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise hlela ngokusebenzisa, hlunga futhi ubulale izinqubo ngqo kusuka ku-interface yombhalo.
Uma nje uhlelo lokusebenza luyeka ukuphendula futhi ungakwazi ukuluvala ngezindlela ezijwayelekile, kill Ikuvumela ukuthi uthumele amasignali ayo ukuze aphele. Okuvame kakhulu ukusebenzisa isignali ezenzakalelayo (efana nokuthi "ukuvala okuhlanzekile") noma, uma lokho kungasebenzi, enamandla. phoqelela ukuphela kwenqubo ngokushesha, ngengozi yokulahlekelwa izinguquko ezingalondoloziwe.
Ukuze uthole ukuthi usebenzisa isikhala esingakanani sediski, df ikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu ngayinye yefayela, kuyilapho du ukhonza linganisa usayizi wezinhlu zemibhalo kanye nezinhlu zemibhalo imininingwane ethile, kanye nezinketho zokuyibuka ku-KB, MB noma GB.
Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nohlelo nge uname, okwembula imininingwane ye-kernel, ukwakheka, kanye negama lomethuleli. Izinsiza ezifana neofetch Baveza lolu lwazi olufanayo ngendlela ekhangayo kakhulu eceleni kwelogo ye-ASCII yokusabalalisa kwakho.
Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuvala noma ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha kusuka ku-console, umyalo shutdown Kukushiya Hlela ukuvalwa ngokushesha noma ngesikhathi esithile.kanye nokukhansela ukuvalwa okulindile ngezinketho ezithile. Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza, kubalulekile ukwazisa nokuhlanganisa lezi zenzo ngempumelelo.
Inethiwekhi, ukuxhumana kanye nokudluliselwa
Kumaseva nezindawo zokusebenza ezihlala zixhunyiwe, ukuqapha inethiwekhi kuwumsebenzi wansuku zonke. Umugqa womyalo unikeza amathuluzi alula okuhlola ukuxhumana nokuhambisa idatha kunethiwekhi.
Okwakudala ping Ithumela amaphakethe kusizinda noma ekhelini le-IP futhi ibonise izikhathi zokuphendula kanye nokulahleka kwamaphakethe, into eyisisekelo thola izinkinga zokuxhuma noma ukubambezeleka okungavamile. Hlanganisa lolu lwazi neziqondiso zendlela i-ping ku-Linux ukuxilonga izinkinga zenethiwekhi.
sesishilo wget y curl kokulanda kanye nezicelo ze-HTTP, kodwa ungasebenzisa futhi scp ukudlulisa amafayela kanye nezinhlu zemibhalo yonke phakathi kwemishini ngokubethela ukuxhumana. Ndawonye, le miyalo yakha i- ikhithi yokuxhumana ephelele kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo samakhasimende okuklama imidwebo.
Uma ufuna ukwenza ukuhlola okuthile ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukuqoqa amamethrikhi enethiwekhi, umyalo watch Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu: kusebenzisa omunye umyalo ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile futhi ikhombisa umehluko kusukela ekusebenzeni okukodwa kuya kokunye, okwenza kube lula ukuqapha izinguquko.
Umlando womyalo, amagama angaziwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha
Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu nge-terminal ukuthi akudingeki ukuthi uthayiphe yonke into kusukela ekuqaleni ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uhlelo kanye negobolondo kuhlinzeka ngezindlela eziningana ezinqamulelayo zokuphinda imiyalo, ukuyilungisa, nokunciphisa amaphutha.
Umyalo history Ibonisa uhlu olunezinombolo lwazo zonke imiyalo esanda kwenziwa. Ungayisebenzisa ukuze sesha imiyalo emidala bese uyiqalisa futhi ngaphandle kokuziphinda uzibhale, uzihlanganise nophawu lokubabaza (!n) ukuphinda inombolo yokufaka n.
Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa kabusha umyalo wokugcina nge !!Indlela esheshayo yokuphinda lokho osanda kukwenza. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile yilapho ukhohlwa ukubeka sudoUma wenza umyalo ohluleka ngenxa yezimvume, vele uzame futhi sudo !! ukuyiqalisa njengomphathi ngaphandle kokukubhala kabusha ngokuphelele.
Kukhona nezinqamuleli ezingaziwa kangako, njenge !-2 ukwenza umyalo wokugcina, !string ukuphinda elokugcina eliqale ngegama elithile, noma ukufaka esikhundleni sohlobo oluthile ^texto_viejo^texto_nuevo ukuze shintsha ingxenye ye-oda langaphambilini ngokushesha bese uyiqhuba futhi.
Ama-aliase angenye ithuluzi elihle kakhulu: ngomyalo alias Ungachaza izifinyezo zemiyalo emide, noma ulungise ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo kweminye imiyalo. Isibonelo, chaza alias ll="ls -lh" ukuba nohlu olunemininingwane o alias rm="rm -i" ukuyiphoqa ukuthi ihlale icela isiqinisekiso.
Konke lokhu kuhambisana nefayela lomlando lomsebenzisi ngamunye, ngokuvamile ~/.bash_history noma okulinganayo, lapho ama-oda avela kumaseshini angaphambilini egcinwa khona. Ngokulungiselela ukuthi lowo mlando ulondolozwa futhi usulwe kanjani, ungalungisa kahle zingaki imiyalo ekhunjulwayo futhi isikhathi esingakanani.
Izinqamuleli zekhibhodi nokuhlela okusheshayo ku-terminal
Isivinini emgqeni womyalo asiveli nje ekwazini imiyalo eminingi, kodwa futhi nasekukwazini ukuhambisa nokuhlela umbhalo ngesivinini sombani ngaphandle kokususa izandla zakho kukhibhodi. Ama-emulator amaningi esiphetho athola izinqamuleli ze-Emacs, yize eziningi zikuvumela ukuthi uzishintshe.
Ukuze uzulazule emgqeni omude, izinqamuleli ezifana Ctrl + a y Ctrl + e Bakuyisa ku- ukuqala nokuphela komugqa ngokulandelana. Ungaphinde uqhubekele phambili noma emuva igama negama ngezinhlanganisela ezifana Alt + f y Alt + bngokushesha kakhulu kunokuhamba ngezinkinobho zomcibisholo wesobunxele nowesokudla.
Uma wenza iphutha ngenkathi uthayipha, Ctrl + u isusa konke kusukela kusikhombisi kuya ekuqaleni komugqa futhi Ctrl + k Susa kusukela kusikhombisi kuze kube sekupheleni. Lezi izinqamuleli eziphelele ze hlanza noma unciphise ama-oda amade ngaphandle kokususa uhlamvu ngohlamvu.
Ukuze uphathe okubonwayo esikrinini, clear kanye nokulingana kwayo nekhibhodi Ctrl + l Basusa umbono wamanje ngokusunduza okuqukethwe phezulu. Uma okufunayo setha kabusha ngokuphelele iseshini kusukela ku-emulator, umyalo reset Ize isule ngisho nokuskrola kwangaphambilini, njengokungathi uvale futhi uvule kabusha ifasitela.
Abaqalekisi ↑ y ↓ Zikuvumela ukuthi uphequlule umlando wama-oda wangaphambilini.kanye nezinhlanganisela ezifana Ctrl + Shift + PageUp o Ctrl + Shift + PageDown Ziwusizo ekuhloleni okuqukethwe okuphrintiwe, ikakhulukazi uma uhambo selude kakhulu.
Eminye imininingwane ethuthukisa kakhulu induduzo ifaka phakathi amathuba okuba vimba futhi uvule i-terminal okwesikhashana con Ctrl + s y Ctrl + qnoma shintsha ngokushesha usayizi wefonti ngezinqamuleli ezifana Ctrl + Shift + + y Ctrl + Shift + - ukulungisa ukufundeka.
Ukusebenza ngamathebhu nokufinyeleleka kwe-terminal emulator
Uma uchitha amahora amaningi kukhonsoli, kuwusizo kakhulu ukuzihlela kumathebhu noma kuma-windows amaningana , ikakhulukazi uma uqapha izinsizakalo ngenkathi uhlela amafayela noma usebenzisa izikripthi ezinde.
Kuma-emulator amaningi, inhlanganisela efana Ctrl + Shift + T vula ithebhu entsha, bese ungakwazi hamba phakathi kwazo usebenzisa izinqamuleli ezahlukene kuye ngohlelo oluthile (isibonelo, nge Ctrl + PageUp/PageDown noma izinhlobo nge-Shift).
Ukuvala ithebhu kuvame ukuba lula njengokuthayipha exit noma sebenzisa izinqamuleli ezifana Ctrl + d o Ctrl + Shift + wokuqeda iseshini yegobolondo yaleyo thebhu. Lokhu kufana nokuvala iwindi, kodwa kukuvumela ukuthi gcina ezinye izikhathi zivulekile ngasikhathi sinye.
Uma udinga ukugxila emsebenzini, ama-emulator amaningi akuvumela ukuthi ubeke itheminali kwimodi yesikrini esigcwele usebenzisa okhiye abanjengo-F11 , ukufihla amabha wamathuluzi nemihlobiso ukuze usebenzise isikhala esitholakalayo ngokugcwele. Ukusetha uhlelo lombala olufundekayo kanye nefonti ekhululekile nakho kuthuthukisa ulwazi kanye nokufinyeleleka.
Ekugcineni, imiyalo efana column Zisiza ukwethula umphumela ofundeka kalula ngokusabalalisa ulwazi kumakholomu aqondaniswe kahle. Lokhu, kuhlanganiswe nohlelo oluhle lombala, kuyenza ibe funda umphumela wemiyalo eyinkimbinkimbi kungabi nzima futhi kube sobala, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza amahora amaningi elandelanayo esigungwini.
Ngawo wonke la maqhinga e-Linux atholakala kalula—kusukela emiyalweni eyisisekelo yokuzulazula nokuphatha amafayela kuya kumathuluzi ombhalo, ukuxhumana, izinqubo, kanye nezinqamuleli zekhibhodi—uzoba nendawo yokusebenza eguquguqukayo kakhulu, esheshayo, futhi eguquguqukayo , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphatha amaseva nsuku zonke noma usanda kuqala ukushintsha nge-distro yakho yokuqala.
