- Ikhebula le-Ethernet lixhuma amadivayisi kumanethiwekhi anezintambo kusetshenziswa amapheya asontekile ethusi; kuvamile emakhaya, emahhovisi nasezimbonini.
- Izinhlobo eziyinhloko: I-Cat5e, i-Cat6, i-Cat6a (kanye ne-Cat7/Cat8); isigaba ngasinye sinikeza umkhawulokudonsa omkhulu kanye nesivinini.
- Uma ukhetha, cabangela ubude, isivinini esidingekayo kanye nendawo ezungezile; uma ufuna ukuphazamiseka noma amabanga amade, cabangela ikhebula elivikelwe noma elihlanganisiwe.
Ikhebula le-Ethernet wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwekhebula yenethiwekhi. Isetshenziswa kuwo womabili amanethiwekhi anezintambo nangenawaya ukuxhuma amadivayisi afana namakhompyutha, amaphrinta, amarutha namaswishi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi nosayizi bezintambo ze-Ethernet, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Kulesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi iyini intambo ye-Ethernet, ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani inketho engcono kakhulu yezidingo zakho.
Ikhebula le-Ethernet: Kuyini futhi zingaki izinhlobo ezikhona?
Iyini ikhebula le-Ethernet?
Ikhebula le-Ethernet uhlobo lwekhebula elisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha . Lakhiwe ngamabhangqa asontekile ezintambo zethusi futhi lingasetshenziswa emakhaya, emahhovisi nasezindaweni zezimboni.
Izinhlobo zezintambo ze-Ethernet
Uma ufuna ikhebula le-Ethernet, into yokuqala okudingeka uyicabangele ubude bokugijima. Zombili izintambo ezithi coaxial nezisontekile zisetshenziswa ezintamboni ze-Ethernet, kodwa zinezici ezihlukile ezizenza zifaneleke kangcono ubude obuhlukahlukene.
I-coaxial cabling ekuqaleni yasungulwa yiBell Labs ngeminyaka yawo-50 ukuze ithumele amasignali kumabanga amade ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa noma ukulahleka kwesignali. Iqukethe izintambo ezimbili zethusi ezivalekile ezizungezwe ungqimba olulodwa lwesivikelo sethusi esilukiwe (imvamisa i-aluminiyamu) bese zigoqwa ngokufakwa kwepulasitiki kuleyo nqwaba; Umphumela uyinto efana kakhulu nalokho esikwazi namuhla njenge-"Romex" noma ikhebula le-Romex elivela ezitolo zempahla yasekhaya njenge-Home Depot noma i-Lowe's.
Inzuzo ukuthi izintambo zamakhoaxial zingathwala amasignali ebangeni elingafika kumayela (amamitha angu-1.609) ngaphandle kwezinkinga; Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi anezendlalelo eziningi kunezintambo ezisontekile futhi ngenxa yalokho zibiza kakhulu, ungazisebenzisa kuphela uma kunesidingo (isibonelo, ekuxhumekeni okude).
Ikhebula elisontekile lafakwa kamuva emlandweni njengendlela ehlukile yokuthumela idatha phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili ebangeni elifushane (ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-30). Ngokungafani nezinhlelo ze-coaxial, ezisebenzisa izintambo eziningi ngaphakathi kwendlu enehawu ezizungeze lezo zintambo ezifanayo, amasistimu amapheya asontekile asebenzisa izintambo ezine ngazinye ngaphakathi kwezindlu zawo ngaphandle kwanoma isiphi isivikelo esengeziwe esingeziwe ngaphandle kwalokho esidingekayo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa ukushisa amashubhu ashwabene ezungeze ucingo ngalunye ngaphambi kokuluhlanganisa lube ngababili.
Ukusetshenziswa nesivinini sokudlulisa idatha
Ikhebula le-Ethernet uhlobo lwekhebula olungasetshenziswa ukuxhuma amadivayisi kunethiwekhi. Lungasetshenziswa futhi ukudlulisa idatha ngesivinini esiphezulu , kuye ngohlobo lwekhebula le-Ethernet elisetshenziswayo. Isivinini sokudlulisa idatha sincike ohlotsheni lwekhebula le-Ethernet olikhethayo kanye nobude balo; lokhu kuzothinta ukuthi idivayisi yakho ingaludlulisela ngokushesha kangakanani ulwazi kuyo yonke inethiwekhi.
Izilinganiso zejubane lekhebula le-Ethernet
Isilinganiso sesivinini sekhebuli ye-Ethernet isivinini esiphezulu esingasisekela. Uma inkulu, inethiwekhi iyashesha. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele uthenge ngokuzenzekelayo izintambo ezinezinombolo eziphakeme, njengoba zingase zenze okubi kakhulu kunalezo ezinesilinganiso esiphansi.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezintambo ze-Ethernet: i-twisted pair kanye ne-coaxial. Ipheya elisontekile lisebenzisa ipheya yezintambo ezisontekile ukuze idlulise amasignali edatha ebangeni elide; I-coaxial isebenzisa intambo ezungezwe izinto zokuvikela (ngokuvamile ipulasitiki) kanye nolunye ucingo oluphansi ukuze luvikeleke.
Lesi sihloko sizokusiza ukuthi ukhethe uhlobo olulungile lwekhebula ye-Ethernet.
Ikhebula le-Ethernet, elibizwa nangokuthi ikhebula lenethiwekhi , lisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha komunye nomunye ngenethiwekhi enezintambo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene kanye nesivinini salezi zintambo okufanele uzazi ngaphambi kokuzithenga.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-Ethernet?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezintambo ze-Ethernet emakethe namuhla, futhi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngayinye yenzani ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha leyo evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho.
Uyenza kanjani ikhebuli ye-ethernet?
Ukwenza ikhebula le-Ethernet, uzodinga izinto ezilandelayo:
- Intambo yenethiwekhi ye-Ethernet (ingaba isigaba 5e, 6 noma 6a).
- Izixhumi ze-RJ45.
- I-wire stripper noma ummese obukhali.
- Isigebengu.
Ngezansi ngizochaza izinyathelo zokwenza ikhebula le-Ethernet:
Okokuqala, sika ikhebula le-Ethernet libe ngusayizi oyifunayo bese ususa ingxenye yomgodla wangaphandle. Qinisekisa ukusika ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izintambo zangaphakathi.
Uzobona izintambo ezinemibala eyisishiyagalombili ngaphakathi kwekhebula ye-Ethernet. Zihlele ngendlela efanele ngokwezinga lezintambo olisebenzisayo. Izinga elivame kakhulu yi-T568B, enombala olandelayo: osawolintshi/omhlophe, osawolintshi, oluhlaza/omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/omhlophe, oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu/omhlophe, onsundu.
Uma usuhlele izintambo ngendlela efanele, zisike zibe ubude obufanayo, ushiye cishe u-1,5 cm kusukela ekugcineni kwe-sheath yangaphandle.
Manje, faka izintambo kusixhumi se-RJ45 ngendlela efanele. Qinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zingena ngokuphelele ezimbotsheni zokuxhuma futhi isiphetho sejakhethi yangaphandle sithinta isitobhi sesixhumi.
Ngemva kokufaka izintambo kusixhumi se-RJ45, sebenzisa i-crimper ukuze ucindezele futhi uvikele izintambo. I-crimper izofaka ingcindezi bese ihlwitha othintana nabo bensimbi endaweni.
Phinda izinyathelo ezingenhla ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekhebula ye-Ethernet.
Futhi yilokho kuphela! Manje usuzoba nekhebula le-DIY Ethernet.
Izinhlobo zezintambo ze-Ethernet
Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ze-Ethernet ezikhona, ngezansi yizona ezivame kakhulu:
Ikati 5e
Yizinga elidala kakhulu, kodwa lisasetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi endawo. Inikeza isivinini esingafika ku-1000 Mbps Inomthamo womkhawulokudonsa ongafika ku-100 MHz.
Ikati 6
Ihlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu nomthamo womkhawulokudonsa kune-Cat 5e. Ingakwazi ukusekela isivinini esifika ku-10 Gbps futhi inamandla omkhawulokudonsa ofinyelela ku-250 MHz.
Ikati 6a
Inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-Cat 6. Ingakwazi ukudlulisa isivinini esingafika ku-10 Gbps emabangeni amade. Inomthamo womkhawulokudonsa ophezulu ongafika ku-500 MHz.
Lezi ezinye nje zezinhlobo zekhebula ze-Ethernet ezivame kakhulu, kodwa ezinye izindinganiso ezifana ne -Cat 7 ne-Cat 8 zinikeza isivinini esiphezulu kanye namakhono e-bandwidth. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwekhebula olufanele kubalulekile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zakho kanye nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi.
Isiphetho
Ikhebula le-Ethernet uhlobo lwekhebula lethusi elisontekile elisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi ekhompyutha. Livame ukusetshenziswa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha namanye amadivayisi komunye nomunye, kanye ne-inthanethi. Izintambo ze-Ethernet ziza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nesivinini, okusho ukuthi zingathwala amanani ahlukene edatha ngesikhathi esisodwa.