Indlela yokubuyisa amafayela kusuka ku-hard drive eyonakele noma efomethwe

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Ukulahlekelwa amakhulu ama-gigabyte ezithombe, amadokhumenti omsebenzi, noma amaphrojekthi akho siqu ngokuzumayo ngoba i-hard drive yakho yehlulekile kuyiphutha elikhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ezimweni eziningi, leyo datha isekhona futhi ingabuyiselwa . Isibonelo, ungabuyisa izithombe ezisusiwe uma uqhubeka ngokuthula, ngendlela ehlelekile, nangamathuluzi afanele, ku-Windows, macOS, kanye ne-Linux.

Kule migqa elandelayo, sizobheka kabanzi futhi ngendlela eqondile ukuthi ungawabuyisa kanjani amafayela kusuka ku-hard drive eyonakele, eyonakele, efomethiwe, noma ngisho engekho . Uzofunda umehluko phakathi kokwehluleka okunengqondo nokungokoqobo, ukuthi yini ongayenza wena ngesofthiwe yamahhala noma ekhokhelwayo, ukuthi ungayimisa nini futhi uyiyise nini idatha yakho esitolo sokulungisa esingochwepheshe, nokuthi yimaphi amasu okufanele uwalandele ukugwema le nkinga esikhathini esizayo.

Ukwehluleka okunengqondo vs. ukwehluleka ngokomzimba: yini engalungile ngempela nge-hard drive yakho

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufaka izinhlelo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lwenkinga olunayo i-hard drive yakho: enengqondo (isofthiwe) noma engokwenyama (ihadiwe) . Lokhu kuzonquma ukuthi yimaphi amasu azosebenza nokuthi yimaphi angase enze isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.

Uma sikhuluma ngomonakalo onengqondo, sibhekisela ezinkingeni ngesistimu yamafayela (isibonelo, izinhlelo ezifana ne-exFAT ), ithebula lokuhlukanisa, noma indlela uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlela ngayo idatha kudiski. Ihadiwe ayiphelele, idiski iyajikeleza, futhi itholakele, kodwa iWindows noma i-macOS ayikwazi ukufunda isakhiwo ngendlela efanele , futhi kuvela imiyalezo efana nokuthi "idiski ayifomethiwe," "idrayivu ye-RAW," "isigaba esibi," noma nje "awukwazi ukubona amafolda akho".

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehluleka ngokomzimba kuhilela inkinga yangempela ngezingxenye: amakhanda, amapuleti, injini, i-PCB (ibhodi lesifunda), izixhumi, njll. Ngokuvamile, idrayivu izokwenza imisindo yokuchofoza engavamile, imisindo engavamile yokubhonga, ishise ngokweqile, noma ingase ingajikelezi nhlobo . Umonakalo ovela emiphumeleni, umswakama, umlilo, noma ukukhuphuka kwamandla nawo uwela kulesi sigaba.

Imbangela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka kwe-hard drive ekhaya noma ehhovisi umonakalo onengqondo obangelwa ukuvala okungazelelwe, ukufometha ngengozi, ukuhlukaniswa okususiwe, igciwane, noma imikhakha emibi ehlukanisiwe . Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, isofthiwe yokutakula idatha ivame ukuveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu uma uthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma i-hard drive iwele kanzima, ivezwe emanzini, noma yenza imisindo eqhubekayo yemishini, cishe sibhekene necala lehadiwe eyonakele edinga ilabhorethri ekhethekile . Ukuvula i-drive ekhaya, ukuyishaya, noma ukuzama "amaqhinga amangalisayo" njengokuyifaka efrijini kuzokwenza kube nzima (futhi kwandise izindleko) zokulungisa kochwepheshe.

Izinyathelo zokuqala ezibalulekile: okufanele ukwenze nokuthi UNGAKWENZI uma i-hard drive yakho yehluleka

Uma nje usola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle (amafayela angavuli, isivinini sediski esihamba kancane kakhulu, imiyalezo yamaphutha, imisindo, njll.), into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukusebenzisa idiski ngokushesha . Njalo ngomzuzwana lapho iqhubeka nokubhala idatha kwandisa amathuba okubhala kabusha ulwazi olwalusakwazi ukutholakala.

Uma i-hard drive ingaphakathi, kungcono ukuthi uyisuse ngokucophelela kukhompyutha bese uyixhuma njenge-drive yesibili noma nge-USB enclosure kwenye ikhompyutha lapho uzokwenza khona ukuhlaziya nokubuyisa. Ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini, khipha noma yimuphi ugesi ongaguquki (sebenzisa ibhande lesihlakala elilwa nokuguquguquka noma uthinte indawo yensimbi engaphansi komhlaba).

Kuma-hard drive omshini, qaphela ukuthi idiski iyajikeleza yini nokuthi yenza umsindo onjani. Uma ingajikelezi noma ingenzanga umsindo, hlola amandla nezintambo zedatha, zama ama-port ahlukene, kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukile . Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga akuyona i-hard drive ngokwayo, kodwa ukunikezwa kwamandla noma ikhebula le-PC.

Uma i-hard drive ivuliwe kodwa ikhipha ukuchofoza okuphindaphindiwe noma umsindo wokuklinya ongavamile, lokho kuyisibonakaliso esibi: mhlawumbe kunenkinga ngamakhanda noma amapuleti . Kuleli qophelo, ukuzama ukuyivula ngokuphindaphindiwe kungasakaza umonakalo. Kungcono ukuyicisha bese ucabanga ngokujulile ngokuthumela i-drive esitolo sokulungisa sochwepheshe.

Umthetho wegolide: uma ukwazile ukwenza idiski iqale ngesikhumba samazinyo akho futhi usengakwazi ukufinyelela idatha, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlanganisa yonke i-disk sector nge-sector kwenye idrayivu . Ngemuva kwalokho, konke ukuhlolwa nokubuyiselwa kufanele kwenziwe kukhophi, hhayi kowokuqala, ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa umthombo wedatha owukuphela kwawo osebenzayo.

Izimo ezijwayelekile zokulahleka kwedatha kuma-hard drive

Izinkinga ezivame kakhulu ze-hard drive azihlali ziyinhlekelele. Ngokuvamile, ziyizimo ezithile ezinezixazululo ezihlukene kakhulu kuye ngesimo . Nazi ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu:

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukususwa ngengozi kwamafayela noma amafolda , ngezinye izikhathi ngenhlanhla embi yokuthi usuvele ukhiphe i-Recycle Bin. Eqinisweni, uma ususa ifayela, uhlelo luphawula leso sikhala njengesikhulu: idatha ihlala kudiski kuze kube yilapho ibhalwa kabusha . Uma uthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha, kunethuba elihle lokuthi ungazithola ziphelele.

Elinye iphutha elivamile ukufometha idiski noma i-partition ngaphandle kwe-backup . Lokhu kungaba ifomethi esheshayo, ifomethi egcwele, noma ukufaka kabusha uhlelo lokusebenza kudrayivu efanayo. Ngefomethi esheshayo, ithebula lokwabiwa liyadalwa kabusha, kodwa idatha ihlala kuma-sector ; ngefomethi egcwele, nokho, ama-sector agcwele o-zero, okwenza ukululama kube nzima kakhulu noma kungenzeki, ikakhulukazi kuma-SSD ane-TRIM evuliwe.

Kuma-hard drive omshini (ama-HDD), ifomethi esheshayo ivame ukudala isakhiwo esisha sohlelo lwefayela futhi imaka wonke amaqoqo njengamahhala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iningi ledatha lihlala emikhakheni njengoba linjalo, kuze kube yilapho kubhalwa okusha phezu kwawo . Ngesofthiwe enhle yokutakula, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukwakha kabusha amafolda, izithombe, amadokhumenti, nokuningi; futhi kuyasiza nokwazi ukuthi iyini i-FAT32 uma usebenza ngamafomethi amadala.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ifomethi ephelele (ikakhulukazi ngamathuluzi abhala o-zero) idlula kuzo zonke izinhlaka, iwaqalise. Kulesi simo, amandla okutakula ehla afinyelele cishe ku-zero ngoba ulwazi lwangaphambilini lubhalwe phansi ngokoqobo.

Uma kukhulunywa ngama-SSD, izinto ziba nzima kakhulu. Lawa ma-drive aphatha ukubhala kusetshenziswa umyalo we-TRIM kanye nama-algorithms okulinganisa ukuguguleka kwangaphakathi . Uma usula noma ufometha, amabhlogo amakwa ukuthi ahlanzwe, futhi ezimweni eziningi, isilawuli ngokwaso sisula leyo datha unomphela ngemuva. Lokhu kwenza ukubuyisa idatha kuma-SSD afomethiwe kube nzima kakhulu kunakuma-HDD , futhi kuvame ukusebenza kuphela uma i-TRIM ikhutshaziwe noma kungekho isikhathi esanele sokuba inqubo yokuhlanza isebenze.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sakho sinjani, uma ufomethe idrayivu yakho ngephutha futhi wakubona ngokushesha, isincomo siyafana: yeka ukusebenzisa leyo drayivu ngokushesha, ungafaki lutho kuyo, bese usebenzisa isofthiwe yokutakula kusuka kwenye idrayivu . Uma unesithombe esiyisipele sangaphambilini (Umlando Wefayela, Umshini Wesikhathi, isipele samafu, ama-clone ohlobo lwe-Acronis, njll.), lokho kuzohlala kuyindlela esheshayo nehlanzekile yokubuyisa idatha yakho.

Amathuluzi ohlelo ahlanganisiwe: i-CHKDSK kanye nosizo lokuqala

Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene ezinhlelweni ezithuthukisiwe, kungumqondo omuhle ukuzijwayeza ngezinsiza zokuxilonga nokulungisa ezihambisana neWindows kanye ne-macOS . Lawa akuwona amathuluzi endabuko okubuyisa idatha, kodwa angasiza ekulungiseni amaphutha anengqondo avimbela ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe kwakho.

Ku-Windows, i-CHKDSK (Check Disk) yakudala inesibopho sokuqinisekisa ubuqotho besistimu yamafayela nokuthola imikhakha emibi . Izama futhi ukulungisa ukungalingani kwesakhiwo, futhi ngendlela enolaka kakhulu, imaka imikhakha enephutha ukuze uhlelo luyeke ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukuze uyiqalise ngamalungelo okuphatha, cindezela u-Win + X bese ukhetha u-"Command Prompt (Admin)" noma u-"Terminal/PowerShell (Admin)" . Uma usuvele use-console, ungaqala ngokuthi:

i-chkdsk X: (esikhundleni se-X ngohlamvu lwedrayivu) ukuze kuhlaziywe iphutha eliyisisekelo.

Uma ufuna ukuthi izame ukulungisa, ngokuvamile uzosebenzisa: chkdsk X: /r /x . Isilungisi se-/r sifuna imikhakha emibi futhi siphinde sithole ulwazi olufundekayo; i-/x iphoqa idrayivu ukuthi ihlukaniswe ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi kuyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-CHKDSK "ingalungisa" uhlelo lwefayela, kodwa kule nqubo, ingase yenze idatha ethile eyonakele ingafinyeleleki . Ngakho-ke, kumadiski alimele kakhulu, kungaba ngcono ukuphinda idiski kuqala bese usebenzisa i-CHKDSK (noma amanye amathuluzi) kukhophi.

Ku-macOS, okulingana nezinga lomsebenzisi yi- First Aid ngaphakathi kwe-Disk Utility . Lesi sici sihlola kokubili imephu yokuhlukanisa kanye nesakhiwo sesistimu yamafayela futhi silungisa amaphutha e-common directory, imvume, kanye ne-block; kumafomethi amadala, kuyasiza ukuqonda uhlelo lwefayela le-HFS kanye nemikhawulo yalo.

Ukuze uyisebenzise, ​​vula i-Spotlight ene -Command + Space, thayipha "Disk Utility," cindezela u-Enter, bese ukhetha idiski noma ivolumu ethintekile . Bese uchofoza okuthi "First Aid" bese ulandela imiyalelo. Uhlelo luzokutshela ukuthi luthole futhi/noma lulungise noma yiziphi izinkinga.

Uma i-First Aid ithi ivolumu ilungile kodwa ungakaboni amafayela athile, sekuyisikhathi sokuthembela kusofthiwe ekhethekile yokutakula idatha , edlula lokho okunikezwa yilezi zinsiza.

Izinhlelo zokubuyisa amafayela asusiwe noma amadiski anengqondo alimele

Uhlelo lwesofthiwe yokutakula lukhulu. Kunamathuluzi akhokhelwayo anamandla, izinhlelo zamahhala eziyisisekelo kodwa eziwusizo, kanye namaphrojekthi omthombo ovulekile asebenza kahle kakhulu ezandleni zochwepheshe . Isihluthulelo ukukhetha efanele izidingo zakho ezithile, uhlelo lokusebenza, kanye nezinga lamakhono.

Esinye sezixazululo zezentengiselwano ezidumile kakhulu yi- EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard . Itholakala ku-Windows naku-Mac, ine-interface elula kakhulu futhi ingabuyisa idatha esusiwe, izingxenye ezilahlekile, amadiski e-RAW, amadiski afomethiwe, noma amadiski angafinyeleleki . Isekela izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zamafayela futhi isebenza nama-hard drive angaphakathi nangaphandle, ama-USB drive, amakhadi ememori, nokuningi.

I-EaseUS inikeza inguqulo yamahhala enemikhawulo ethile yevolumu, kanye nezinguqulo ezikhokhelwayo ezivula ukubuyiswa kwedatha okungenamkhawulo, ukuskena okujulile, kanye nokusekelwa kwamacala ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu . Isebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni zokususa kanye nokufometha okusheshayo, uma nje isikhala singakabhalwa phansi.

Elinye ithuluzi elikhokhelwayo elidumile yi -Disk Drill , elitholakala kokubili ku-Windows naku-macOS. Ngaphezu kokubuyisa idatha uqobo, lifaka okunye okuwusizo kakhulu: ukudalwa kwesithombe sediski nge-byte ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usebenza njalo kusuka kukhophi, ukuqapha impilo yediski ye-SMART, kanye nezici zokuvikela idatha ezisebenzayo.

Inguqulo yamahhala ye-Disk Drill ye-Windows ikuvumela ukuthi uthole idatha elinganiselwe (isibonelo, ama-megabyte angamakhulu ambalwa), kodwa ikuvumela ukuthi ubuke kuqala amafayela atholakalayo ngaphandle komkhawulo . Inguqulo ekhokhelwayo isusa lo mkhawulo futhi ivumela zonke izici. Ivelele nge-interface yayo ecacile lapho ungahlunga khona imiphumela ngohlobo, usuku, usayizi, nokuningi.

Uma ufuna into yamahhala engu-100% futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa ku-Windows, i-Recuva isalokhu iyithuluzi elidala. I-wizard yayo ibuza imibuzo (uhlobo luni lwefayela olifunayo, ukuthi litholakala kuphi) futhi yenza ukuskena okusheshayo noma okujulile kuye ngokuthi ukhetha ini. Akukho mkhawulo enanini ledatha engatholakala enguqulweni yayo ejwayelekile, yize injini yayo ingathuthukile njengeyezixazululo ezikhokhelwayo.

Futhi emkhakheni we-freeware ye-Windows kukhona i-Wise Data Recovery , ekwazi ukubuyisa izithombe, amadokhumenti, amavidiyo, nezinye izinhlobo zamafayela kusuka kuzinhlelo zamafayela ze-FAT, exFAT, kanye ne-NTFS. Inikeza ukuskena okusheshayo, inguqulo ephathekayo, kanye nokuhlunga ngesigaba . Kodwa-ke, inguqulo yamahhala ayivumeli ukuskena okujulile noma ukusebenza ngamavolumu e-RAW; ngalokho, udinga uhlelo lwe-Pro.

Phakathi kwezinketho zokubuyisa ezikhokhelwayo ezisekelwe kakhulu, i-Ontrack EasyRecovery ivelele ngolwazi lwayo kokubili ekuhlolweni kwesofthiwe kanye nelebhu. Uhlelo lwayo lubuyisa amafayela asusiwe, amadiski afomethiwe, amavolumu alimele, futhi, ezinhlelweni eziphezulu, ngisho nokulungiselelwa kwe-RAID . Idemo yamahhala ivame ukukuvumela ukuthi ubuyise kufika ku-1 GB, okwanele ukuhlola ukuthi kufanelekile yini ukuthenga ilayisensi.

Elinye ithuluzi elidala yi- Recover My Files , eklanyelwe i-Windows. Nakuba isikhombikubona sayo sesiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi ingasatholi izibuyekezo ezinkulu, injini yayo yokusika amafayela isasebenza , ikakhulukazi kumadokhumenti, izithombe, nama-imeyili. Uma udinga ukubuyisa, isibonelo, ifayela le-Word , kufanelekile ukuzama inguqulo yamahhala.

Uma usebenza ezindaweni ezixubile (i-Windows, i-macOS, i-Linux) noma ubheka kakhulu i-open source njengeyakho, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamagama okufanele uzazi: i-PhotoRec kanye ne-TestDisk . Zombili zikhululekile, zisebenzisana kakhulu, futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu, yize isikhombikubona sazo esisekelwe kumbhalo singase sivimbele abasebenzisi abasafufusa.

I-PhotoRec, naphezu kwegama layo, ayigcini nje ngokubuyisa izithombe: isekela izandiso zamafayela ezingaphezu kuka-480 futhi igxile endleleni yokubuyisa i-RAW esezingeni eliphansi, esekelwe esigneni. Ilungele uma uhlelo lwamafayela lonakele kakhulu futhi ludinga ukuskena umkhakha wediski ngomkhakha. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ayigcini amagama noma isakhiwo samafolda ; kuzodingeka uhlele kabusha amafayela atholiwe ngemuva kwalokho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-TestDisk ihloselwe ukubuyisa ama-partition alahlekile, ukulungisa amatafula okuhlukanisa awonakele, nokulungisa ama-boot sectors . Ingasiza futhi ekwenzeni ama-disk angaqalwa kabusha aqalise ukusebenza futhi. Akuyona ithuluzi elifanele lokusindisa ifayela elithile, kodwa liwusizo kakhulu lapho i-partition yonke isinyamalele; ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza kahle kakhulu nezinhlelo zamafayela ze-ext4 ku-Linux.

Ukuze uthole indawo esekhaya, kanye ne-Windows, kukhona nezinketho ezifana ne- Orion File Recovery , ehlanganisa i-wizard ukuze ibuyise amafayela asusiwe nemisebenzi yokususa ngokuphephile, noma i-utility esemthethweni ye-Microsoft Windows File Recovery , ithuluzi lomugqa wemiyalo elenzelwe i-Windows 10/11 elikwazi ukusindisa izinhlobo ezithile zamafayela (i-JPEG, i-PDF, i-Office, i-MP3, i-MP4, i-ZIP, njll.).

Ukubuyisa idatha kusuka kumadiski afomethiwe: okungenzeka nokuthi yini engenjalo

Ukufometha idiski ngaphandle kwesipele kungaba nzima kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukucacisa: akuwona wonke amafometha asula idatha ngendlela efanayo , futhi ezimweni eziningi kungenzeka ukuthola ingxenye enkulu yolwazi.

Kuma-hard drive omshini (ama-HDD), ifomethi esheshayo ivame ukudala isakhiwo esisha sohlelo lwamafayela futhi imaka wonke amaqoqo njengamahhala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iningi ledatha lihlala emikhakheni njengoba linjalo, kuze kube yilapho kubhalwa okusha phezu kwawo . Ngohlelo oluhle lokutakula, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukwakha kabusha amafolda, izithombe, amadokhumenti, nokuningi.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ifomethi ephelele (ikakhulukazi ngamathuluzi abhala o-zero) idlula kuzo zonke izinhlaka, iwaqalise. Kulesi simo, amandla okutakula ehla afinyelele cishe ku-zero ngoba ulwazi lwangaphambilini lubhalwe phansi ngokoqobo.

Uma kukhulunywa ngama-SSD, izinto ziba nzima kakhulu. Lawa ma-drive aphatha ukubhala kusetshenziswa umyalo we-TRIM kanye nama-algorithms okulinganisa ukuguguleka kwangaphakathi . Uma usula noma ufometha, amabhlogo amakwa ukuthi ahlanzwe, futhi ezimweni eziningi, isilawuli ngokwaso sisula leyo datha unomphela ngemuva. Lokhu kwenza ukubuyisa idatha kuma-SSD afomethiwe kube nzima kakhulu kunakuma-HDD , futhi kuvame ukusebenza kuphela uma i-TRIM ikhutshaziwe noma kungekho isikhathi esanele sokuba inqubo yokuhlanza isebenze.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sakho sinjani, uma ufomethe idrayivu yakho ngephutha futhi wakubona ngokushesha, isincomo siyafana: yeka ukusebenzisa leyo drayivu ngokushesha, ungafaki lutho kuyo, bese usebenzisa isofthiwe yokutakula kusuka kwenye idrayivu . Uma unesithombe esiyisipele sangaphambilini (Umlando Wefayela, Umshini Wesikhathi, isipele samafu, ama-clone ohlobo lwe-Acronis, njll.), lokho kuzohlala kuyindlela esheshayo nehlanzekile yokubuyisa idatha yakho.

Ama-hard drive angaphandle: izingozi ezengeziwe kanye nezindlela zokubuyisa

Ama-hard drive angaphandle ayisisombululo esifanele sokwandisa isitoreji, ukuhambisa idatha eningi, noma ukudala ama-backups ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okukhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi ayaphatheka kalula, asengozini enkulu yokubhajwa, ukunqamuka okungazelelwe, kanye nezinguquko zemvelo kune-drive yangaphakathi.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokulahleka kwedatha kuma-hard drive angaphandle zifaka phakathi ukususwa noma ukufometha ngengozi, ukunqanyulwa okushisa ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, ukonakala kwethebula lokuhlukanisa, ukutheleleka nge-malware, ukuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware, ukwanda kwamandla noma ukucima, kanye nomonakalo ongokwenyama ovela ekuweni noma ekushayweni.

Uma i-hard drive yangaphandle iyeka ukusebenza kahle, into yokuqala okufanele uyihlole yizinto eziyisisekelo: zama ikhebula le-USB elihlukile, ichweba elihlukile, ikhompyutha ehlukile, noma ngisho nohlelo oluhlukile lokusebenza . Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga itholakala ku-USB hub, i-adaptha ye-SATA-to-USB, noma abashayeli, hhayi idrayivu uqobo. Uma idrayivu iziphatha ngendlela efanayo kwenye ikhompyutha, ungacabanga ukuthi iphutha lisedrayivu noma kuma-elekthronikhi ayo.

Ku-Windows, inketho ethuthukisiwe kodwa yamahhala yi -Windows File Recovery . Nakuba iwumugqa womyalo futhi ingeyona elula ukuyisebenzisa, ikuvumela ukuthi useshe futhi ubuyisele amafayela asusiwe kuma-drive angaphandle usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene (okuzenzakalelayo, ingxenye, kanye nesiginesha). Imodi ngayinye ivumelanisa usesho ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwefayela (i-NTFS, i-FAT, i-exFAT, i-ReFS) kanye nobudala bokususwa.

Ku-macOS, ngaphezu kwe-First Aid kanye ne-Trash, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi avela eceleni njenge-Acronis Cyber ​​​​Protect Home Office (eyayikade i-Acronis True Image), i-Disk Drill, i-Wondershare Recoveryit, noma okufanayo , okusekela amadrayivu e-USB angaphandle futhi angabuyisa idatha ngisho noma ivolumu ingakhuphuki kahle.

Ku-Linux, uma uxhume i-hard drive yangaphandle nesistimu yamafayela e-NTFS futhi ufuna ukuya ngale kwalokho okunikezwa yi-CHKDSK ku-Windows, amathuluzi afana ne-TestDisk, i-PhotoRec, noma i-ddrescue ayigugu kakhulu . Isibonelo, i-ddrescue ikuvumela ukuthi ukopishe idiski eyonakele kakhulu, weqe imikhakha enephutha futhi uzame kabusha ngobuhlakani, ukuze ukwazi ukuhlaziya ikhophi nge-PhotoRec noma izinhlelo zezithombe ezifana ne-R-Studio, i-UFS Explorer, noma izinhlelo ezifanayo ezivela ku-Linux noma ngisho naku-USB ebukhoma.

Nini ukusebenzisa isevisi yobuchwepheshe yokutakula idatha

Nakuba isofthiwe yamanje ithuthuke kakhulu, kunezimo lapho into ebalulekile okufanele uyenze ukuyeka ukuzama bese ubeka idiski ezandleni zenkampani ekhethekile . Kungase kungabi yishibhile, kodwa yiyona ndlela kuphela enethuba langempela lokuphumelela.

Kufanele ucabangele ngokungathi sína ukusebenzisa ilebhu uma i-hard drive yenza umsindo ocacile wemishini, ingajikelezi, ithinteke kakhulu, ilimele ngamanzi noma ngomlilo, i-PCB ishile, noma uma ukuyixhuma kubangela ukuthi ikhompyutha iqine noma ingaqali ngisho nokuqala . Futhi, cabanga ngokusebenzisa ilebhu uma usuvele uzame amathuluzi amaningana kodwa ungaphumeleli futhi idatha engekho ibalulekile.

Inqubo evamile ngesevisi yobungcweti ilandela lezi zinyathelo: ugcwalisa ifomu lesigameko ngemodeli ye-hard drive nokuthi kwenzekeni, upakisha ngokucophelela i-hard drive (isikhwama esingasebenzi kahle, i-padding enhle) bese uyithumela . Uma sebeyitholile, benza ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga elabhorethri yabo bese bekuthumelela umbiko onethuba lokuphumelela kanye nesilinganiso.

Uma uvuma, ochwepheshe bazosebenza ku-hard drive emakamelweni ahlanzekile, besebenzisa izingxenye ezihambisanayo zokufaka esikhundleni namathuluzi aphansi ukulungisa okwesikhashana ihadiwe (amakhanda, ama-plate, i-firmware) nokukhipha idatha eningi ngangokunokwenzeka . Uma bephumelela, bazokubuyisela idatha kwenye indawo yokugcina (enye i-hard drive, i-USB drive, ukulanda okuphephile, njll.).

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma i-hard drive eyonakele iphathwa kakhulu ngaphambi kokufika endaweni yokulungisa, kulapho ukulungisa kuzoba nzima futhi kubize khona . Ukuzama okukodwa ukuyivula ekhaya noma ukushintsha i-PCB ngaphandle kolwazi olufanele kungalimaza ngokuphelele noma yiliphi ithuba lokululama.

Amasu okugwema ukulahlekelwa idatha futhi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isofthiwe namalebhu amahle kangakanani, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuzivikela eqinile ekulahlekelweni kwedatha ukuba nama-backups amahle . Lokhu kusebenza kuma-hard drive angaphakathi nangaphandle, ama-SSD, amadivayisi e-NAS, nanoma iyiphi imidiya equkethe ulwazi olubalulekile.

Umkhuba onconywa kakhulu umthetho we-3-2-1 : gcina okungenani amakhophi amathathu edatha yakho (eyokuqala kanye namakhophi amabili okusekelayo), okungenani ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezahlukene zemidiya, futhi okungenani nekhophi eyodwa ngaphandle kwekhaya lakho noma ihhovisi (isb., efwini).

Ukuze usebenzise lokhu, ungahlanganisa ama-backup endawo kuma-drive angaphandle (usebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana ne-Acronis, i-Time Machine, amathuluzi okusekelayo e-Windows noma e-Linux) nezinsizakalo zokusekelayo zamafu . Eziningi zalezi zixazululo zikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ama-backup ngokuzenzakalela, ubhale ngemfihlo idatha, futhi ubuyisele amafayela ngamanye noma izinhlelo zonke ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje.

Ngaphezu kokwenza ama-backup, kuyalulekwa ukulandela uchungechunge lwemikhuba emihle eyisisekelo : gwema ukushaqeka nokudlidliza kuma-laptop, ungavimbi izindawo zokungenisa umoya, sebenzisa i-UPS (izinhlelo zikagesi ezingenakunqamuka) lapho ugesi uvama khona, gcina isofthiwe ye-antivirus ibuyekeziwe futhi uqaphele izinamathiselo noma abafaki abasolisayo.

Okokugcina, qalisa umkhuba wokucabanga kabili ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa izenzo ezibhubhisayo njengokuthi "ifomethi," "susa ukwahlukanisa," noma "idiski ehlanzekile ." Ukulahlekelwa kwedatha okuningi kubangelwa ukushesha noma ukunganaki, okungagwenywa ngokuphelele uma uhlola kabili uhlamvu lwedrayivu, ivolumu, noma ifolda.

Nakuba ukulahlekelwa idatha kusuka ku-hard drive kuyisimo esicindezelayo, ukuqonda okucacile kokuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kokwehluleka okunengqondo nokungokoqobo, ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi okufanele uwasebenzise esimweni ngasinye, nokuthi ungalufuna nini usizo lochwepheshe kukubeka esimweni esingcono kakhulu sokunciphisa umonakalo. Uma uhlanganisa lokhu nesu elihle lokusekela kanye nokugcinwa kahle kwehadiwe, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi esizayo idrayivu iphela, kuyoba ukwehluleka okuncane kunokuba kube yinhlekelele yedijithali.