I-Agile Software Development Methodology

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Emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe kuyinkambu ehlala ivela. Izinhlangano ziya ngokuya zifuna izindlela ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo namasevisi edijithali. Ngalo mqondo, indlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware eshesha kakhulu iqhamuke njengendlela emisha ethembisa ukuletha imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu ngesikhathi esincane nangokuvumelana nezimo okukhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile indlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware egugile, imigomo yayo ewumongo, nokuthi ingashintsha kanjani indlela amaphrojekthi wesoftware athuthukiswa ngayo. Sizothola ukuthi le ndlela yokusebenza izuze kanjani ukuthandwa nokwethenjwa embonini, futhi sinikeze umhlahlandlela ophelele walabo abathanda ukuyithatha ngempumelelo.

I-Agile Software Development Methodology: Iyini futhi isebenza kanjani?

Indlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ye-Agile iyindlela ephindaphindayo neyandisayo yokuphatha nokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi esofthiwe. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko, njengemodeli ye-waterfall, ezincike ekuhleleni okuningiliziwe kanye nendlela elandelanayo, indlela ye-agile igxile ekubambisaneni, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokulethwa okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe esebenzayo.

Izimiso Eziyisisekelo ze-Agile Methodology

I-agile methodology isuselwe ezimisweni ezine eziyisisekelo:

1. Umuntu ngamunye kanye nokusebenzisana ngezinqubo namathuluzi: Kunokugxila kuphela kumathuluzi nezinqubo, indlela egugile ibeka phambili ukuxhumana nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamalungu ethimba lokuthuthukisa isofthiwe. Ukusebenzisana kwabantu kubaluleka kakhulu ukuze kutholwe imiphumela engcono.
2. Isoftware esebenzayo ngaphezu kwamadokhumenti aphelele: Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko, lapho imibhalo idlala indima ebalulekile, indlela yokusebenza edala igcizelela ukulethwa okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe esebenzayo. Lokhu kuvumela impendulo yangaphambi kwesikhathi nesheshayo evela kubasebenzisi bokugcina futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa ukuthi kwenziwe ngokushesha.
3. Ukusebenzisana neklayenti ekuxoxisaneni kwenkontileka: Indlela ye-Agile ikhuthaza ukusebenzisana okuseduze nokuqhubekayo namakhasimende, okuwabandakanya kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Lokhu kubambisana kusiza ukuqonda okwengeziwe kwezidingo futhi kuvumela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokushesha njengoba izinguquko zivela.
4. Ukuphendula izinguquko ngokulandela uhlelo oluqinileIndlela ye-Agile ibona ukuthi izidingo nezinto eziza kuqala zingashintsha kuyo yonke iphrojekthi. Kunokuba ubambelele ngokuqinile ohlelweni lokuqala, indlela yokusebenza eguquguqukayo ivumelana nezimo futhi iphendule izinguquko ngendlela esheshayo, evumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokusabela.

Amanani e-Agile Manifesto

I-Agile Manifesto iyisethi yamagugu nemigomo ehlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wokusebenzisa indlela ye-Agile. Amanani amane ayisisekelo e-Agile Manifesto yilawa:

• Umuntu ngamunye kanye nokusebenzisana ngezinqubo namathuluzi
• Isofthiwe esebenza kumadokhumenti aphelele
• Ukusebenzisana neklayenti ekuxoxisaneni kwenkontileka
• Ukuphendula izinguquko ngokulandela uhlelo oluqinile

Lezi zindinganiso zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokugxila kubantu, ukulethwa okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe esebenzayo, ukusebenzisana eduze namakhasimende, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze ushintshe.

Izinzuzo ze-Agile Software Development Methodology

Indlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware ye-Agile inikeza izinzuzo eziningi zezinhlangano namaqembu okuthuthukisa isoftware. Lezi zinzuzo zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuguquguquka okukhulu: Indlela ye-Agile ivumela izinguquko ukuthi zenziwe ezidingweni zephrojekthi kanye nezinto eziza kuqala ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Lokhu kunikeza izinhlangano ikhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo njengoba kuvela amathuba amasha noma izinselelo.
2. Ukulethwa kwevelu okuqhubekayoNgokugxila ekulethweni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuqhubekayo kwesoftware esebenzayo, indlela yokusebenza eshesha kakhulu yenza izinhlangano zilethe inani kumakhasimende ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amakhasimende anelisekile futhi athole impendulo ebalulekile ngcono umkhiqizo.
3. Ukwaneliseka okukhulu kwamakhasimendeNgokubandakanya amakhasimende ngokuqhubekayo nokuvumela ukubamba iqhaza kwawo ngenkuthalo enqubweni yokuthuthukisa, indlela yokusebenza eshesha kakhulu ikhuthaza ukwaneliseka okukhulu kwamakhasimende. Amakhasimende azizwa eyingxenye ebalulekile yephrojekthi futhi anethuba lokuthonya isiqondiso somkhiqizo.
4. Mayor ikhwalithi yesofthiweIndlela ye-Agile igcizelela ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kanye nempendulo esheshayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlonza nokulungisa iziphazamisi kusenesikhathi, okuholela kukhwalithi ephezulu nesofthiwe ethembeke kakhulu.
5. Ukubonakala okungcono nokulawulwa kwephrojekthi: Indlela ye-Agile inikeza ukucaca okukhulu nokubonakala ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwephrojekthi. Amaqembu asebenzisa amabhodi abonakalayo, njengamabhodi e-Kanban, ukuze alandelele ukuqhubeka komsebenzi futhi anike amandla ukuhlela okungcono nokwenza izinqumo.

Ukusebenzisa i-Agile Software Development Methodology

Ukusebenzisa ngempumelelo izindlela zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ye-agile kudinga indlela ehlelekile kanye nokuqonda okucacile kwezimiso nemikhuba ye-agile. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa indlela ye-agile kuphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe:

1. Yakha iqembu elisheshayo

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekusebenziseni indlela ye-agile ukwakha iqembu elizinikele, elinamakhono amaningi. Ithimba kufanele lifake amalungu anamakhono ahambisanayo, njengabathuthukisi, abahloli, abaklami, kanye nochwepheshe be -UX. Ukubambisana kanye nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo kubalulekile empumelelweni yeqembu le-agile.

2. Sungula ukusilela emuva komkhiqizo

I-backlog yomkhiqizo uhlu olubekwe phambili lwezidingo nezici zesofthiwe . Ithimba le-agile lisebenzisana eduze namakhasimende kanye nababambiqhaza ukuhlonza nokuchaza izinto ze-backlog yomkhiqizo. Izinto ze-backlog zihlelwa ngokubaluleka futhi zibuyekezwa njalo njengoba izidingo zishintsha.

3. Ukuhlela ukuphindaphinda

Indlela ye-Agile isuselwe ekwengezeni nasekulethweni okuvamile kwesoftware esebenzayo. Ukuphindaphinda, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ama-sprints, yizikhathi ezimisiwe lapho isethi yezici ithuthukiswa futhi ilethwa. Ithimba le-agile lenza ukuhlela okuningiliziwe ekuqaleni kokuphindaphinda ngakunye, lichaza imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe futhi lilinganisele isikhathi esidingekayo.

4. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuhlola

Ngesikhathi sokuphindaphinda ngakunye, ithimba elisheshayo lisebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza okuchazwe ku-backlog yomkhiqizo. Amasu anjengokuhlelwa kwamapheya nokuhlolwa kweyunithi asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yekhodi. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kwenziwa njengoba isofthiwe ithuthukiswa ukukhomba nokulungisa iziphazamisi kusenesikhathi.

5. Imihlangano yokulandelela yansuku zonke (Daily Stand-ups)

Ukuma kwansuku zonke, okwaziwa nangokuthi imihlangano yansuku zonke, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokusebenza ye-Agile. Kule mihlangano emifushane, ithimba liyahlangana ukuze labelane ngezibuyekezo ngenqubekelaphambili, izithiyo, nemisebenzi ezayo. Le mihlangano ikhuthaza ukubambisana futhi isiza ukugcina wonke amalungu eqembu enolwazi mayelana nesimo sephrojekthi.

6. Impendulo kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo

Impendulo iyisici esibalulekile sendlela yokusebenza ye-agile. Ngemva kokuphindaphinda ngakunye, impendulo ifunwa kubasebenzisi bokugcina kanye namakhasimende ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza okulethiwe. Le mpendulo isetshenziselwa ukwenza intuthuko kanye nokulungiswa kwesofthiwe ekuphindaphindweni okulandelayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware egugile

Nayi eminye imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukisa isoftware egugile:

1. Yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlela egugayo kanye nezindlela zendabuko zokuthuthukisa isoftware?

Indlela ye-Agile ihluka ezindleleni zendabuko zokuthuthukisa isoftware ngezindlela eziningi. Izindlela zendabuko, njengemodeli yempophoma, zithembele ekuhleleni okuningiliziwe kanye nendlela elandelanayo, kuyilapho indlela eguquguqukayo igxile ekulethweni okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe esebenzayo, ukusebenzisana eduze namakhasimende, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo.

2. Yiziphi ezinye zezinhlaka ezishesha kakhulu ezaziwa kakhulu?

Ezinye zezinhlaka ze-agile ezithandwa kakhulu zifaka phakathi i-Scrum, i-Kanban, kanye ne-Extreme Programming (XP). Lezi zinhlaka zinikeza izakhiwo nemikhuba ethile yokusebenzisa izindlela ze-agile kumaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa isofthiwe .

3. Ingabe indlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe esheshayo ilungele zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi?

Ngenkathi indlela yokusebenza eshesha kakhulu isetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ifakazele ukuthi isebenza ngempumelelo kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene wokuthuthukisa isoftware, kungenzeka ingazifanele zonke izinhlobo zamaphrojekthi. Indlela ye-Agile isebenza kahle kakhulu kumaphrojekthi lapho izidingo zingaqinisekile noma zishintsha futhi ukulethwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuqhubekayo kwesoftware esebenzayo kuyaziswa.

4. Kungenzeka yini ukuhlanganisa indlela yokusebenza egugile nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa isoftware?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa indlela egugile nezinye izindlela zokuthuthukisa isoftware, kuye ngezidingo kanye nezidingo zephrojekthi. Ezinye izinhlangano zithatha indlela exubile, zisebenzisa izici zendlela edala kanye nemikhuba yendabuko eyengeziwe.

5. Ithini indima yeScrum Master endleleni yokusebenza eshesha kakhulu?

I- Scrum Master inesibopho sokusiza nokuqondisa ithimba le-agile ekusebenziseni indlela ye-Scrum. Indima yabo ihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhuba nezimiso ze-agile ziyalandelwa, ukususa izithiyo, nokukhuthaza ukubambisana nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo ngaphakathi kwethimba.

6. Yimaphi amanye amathiphu oshintsho oluyimpumelelo endleleni yokusebenza eshesha kakhulu?

Amanye amathiphu oshintsho oluyimpumelelo ku-agile methodology ahlanganisa:

• Qeqesha futhi ufundise wonke amalungu eqembu ngezimiso nezinqubo ezishesha kakhulu.
• Qala ngephrojekthi yokuhlola ngaphambi kokusebenzisa indlela ye-agile kuyo yonke inhlangano.
• Gqugquzela isiko lokusebenzisana nokufunda okuqhubekayo.
• Sungula amamethrikhi namasistimu wempendulo ukuze uhlole ukuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono.

Isiphetho

Indlela yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ye-Agile ishintshe indlela amaphrojekthi esofthiwe athuthukiswa ngayo. Ngokugxila ekubambisaneni, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokulethwa okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe esebenzayo, i-Agile inikeza indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokwenza amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa isofthiwe. Izimiso eziyinhloko kanye namagugu e-Agile anikeza isiqondiso esicacile kulabo abafisa ukuyisebenzisa ngempumelelo. Uma ufuna indlela entsha yokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi akho okuthuthukisa isofthiwe , i-Agile ikufanele ngempela ukuyicabangela.