Ulimi Lokuhlela Lwe-Cobol: Uhlolojikelele Oluphelele

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Ezweni elishintsha njalo lezinhlelo, into eyodwa ihlala ingashintshi: ubukhona obuqhubekayo nokubaluleka koLimi Lokuhlela Lwe-Cobol. Lolu limi, olwaklanywa okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-50, luye lwamelana nesikhathi futhi lusasebenza nanamuhla. Kodwa kungani lolu limi lubaluleke kangaka? Ikwazile kanjani ukuhlala emdlalweni kuyilapho ezinye izilimi zokuhlela sezifike zedlula?

Luyini Ulimi Lohlelo Lwe-Cobol?

I-Cobol isifinyezo se-Common Business-Oriented Language, iwulimi lokuhlela oluqondiswe emhlabeni webhizinisi. Yasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-50 yiKomidi le-CODASYL ngombono wokudala ulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu olungamukeleka emhlabeni wonke ezinhlelweni zebhizinisi.

Kungani i-Cobol yathuthukiswa?

Umqondo wokwakhiwa kwe-Cobol kwakuwukwenza lula inqubo yokuhlela, eyayizovumela abantu abaningi ukuba babambe iqhaza kukho. I-Cobol ekuqaleni yadalelwa ukuthi ibe ulimi olusebenziseka kalula noluqondakalayo, ngisho nakulabo ababengebona abahleli bezinhlelo abangochwepheshe.

Umlando we-Cobol Programming Language

I-Cobol inomlando ocebile futhi othakazelisayo. Yakhelwe okokuqala eMnyangweni Wezokuvikela wase-US, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwanda kwaba nezimboni nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Kwaqala kanjani konke?

Umsuka we-Cobol

Ngo-1959, iqembu lososayensi bamakhompiyutha abavela embonini nakuhulumeni bahlangana ukuze bathuthukise ulimi lwezinhlelo zebhizinisi jikelele. Umphumela waba uCobol. Umgomo wabo wawuwukunikeza ulimi olungasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhiqizi wayo ungubani.

Cobol phakathi neminyaka

Naphezu kweminyaka yayo, i-Cobol imele uvivinyo lwesikhathi futhi isasetshenziswa kabanzi embonini. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kudinge i-Cobol ukuthi iguquke ukuze ihlale ibalulekile. Izibuyekezo nezibuyekezo zivumele i-Cobol ukuthi ihambisane nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimfuno zemakethe.

I-Cobol Emhlabeni Wanamuhla

I-COBOL isalokhu iyitshe lesisekelo emhlabeni wohlelo . Naphezu kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvela kwezilimi ezintsha zohlelo, i-COBOL iyaqhubeka nokuba yisisekelo ezimbonini eziningi.

Isetshenziswa kuphi i-Cobol namuhla?

I-COBOL isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amabhange, umshwalense, kanye nohulumeni. Ingxenye enkulu yengqalasizinda yezezimali emhlabeni isekelwe ku-COBOL ngenxa yokuqina kwayo nokuthembeka kwayo. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokufaneleka kwayo esihlokweni mayelana nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-COBOL.

Kungani i-Cobol isabalulekile?

Ifa le-COBOL kanye nokusabalala kwayo ezinhlelweni zebhizinisi ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni umsebenzi kuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwayo okuqhubekayo. Izinhlelo eziningi ezindala kakhulu ezisetshenziswa namuhla zabhalwa ekuqaleni nge-COBOL futhi zisasebenza kahle, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-COBOL kunokubhala kabusha lezi zinhlelo ngolimi lwesimanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indaba kaGrace Hopper ihlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwezilimi zokuhlela njenge-COBOL, okwengeza inani elibalulekile lomlando.

Ukufunda I-Cobol Programming Language

Nakuba i-Cobol ingase ingadumile njengezinye izilimi zokuhlela zesimanje, ukuyifunda kungaba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Nasi isizathu.

Kungani kufanele ngifunde i-Cobol?

Kunesidingo esiqhubekayo sabahleli bezinhlelo ze-COBOL ngenxa yesidingo sokugcina nokuvuselela izinhlelo ezindala. Ukufunda i-COBOL kungavula amathuba emisebenzi angatholakali kulabo abazi izilimi zokuhlela zesimanje kuphela. Ukuze uthole izinsiza ezibalulekile zokufunda i-COBOL, ungabheka izinsiza zewebhu ze-COBOL ezinhle kakhulu.

Ngingayifunda kanjani i-Cobol?

Ukufunda i-Cobol kungaba yinselele, kodwa kunezinsiza eziningi ezitholakalayo. Kunezincwadi zokufunda, izifundo ze-inthanethi, nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezitholakalayo kulabo abafuna ukufunda lolu limi oluhloniphekile.

Isibonelo esijwayelekile sokuthi "Sawubona Umhlaba" ku-Cobol

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. HOLA-MUNDO.
AUTHOR. Tu Nombre.
DATE-WRITTEN. 4 DE JULIO DE 2023.
DATE-COMPILED.
SECURITY.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
CONFIGURATION SECTION.
SOURCE-COMPUTER. COBOL-85.
OBJECT-COMPUTER. COBOL-85.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 MENSAJE PIC X(20) VALUE '¡Hola, Mundo!'.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
INICIO.
    DISPLAY 'Mensaje: ' MENSAJE.
    STOP RUN.

Incazelo yekhodi yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Umugqa IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. ibonisa ukuthi isigaba sokuhlonza uhlelo siyaqala.
2. PROGRAM-ID. HOLA-MUNDO. ichaza igama lohlelo ngokuthi “HELLO-WORLD”. Ungayishintsha uma uthanda.
3. AUTHOR. Tu Nombre. ikuvumela ukuthi ungeze igama lakho njengombhali wohlelo.
4. DATE-WRITTEN. 4 DE JULIO DE 2023. inikeza usuku olwabhalwa ngalo uhlelo.
5. Imigqa DATE-COMPILED. y SECURITY. akunalutho kulokhu, kodwa kungase kuhlanganise ulwazi olwengeziwe njengoba kudingeka.
6. Isigaba ENVIRONMENT DIVISION. ichaza ukucushwa kwemvelo yokusebenza kohlelo.
7. CONFIGURATION SECTION. Icacisa izilungiselelo eziqondene nesistimu. Kulokhu, i-COBOL-85 isetshenziswa.
8. Imigqa SOURCE-COMPUTER. y OBJECT-COMPUTER. cacisa ukucushwa komthombo namakhompyutha okuyiwa kuwo ngokulandelana.
9. Isigaba DATA DIVISION. ichaza ukwakheka kwedatha esetshenziswa uhlelo.
10. Isigaba WORKING-STORAGE SECTION. Lapha yilapho okuguquguqukayo okusebenzayo kuchazwa khona. Kulokhu, okuguquguqukayo kuchazwa MENSAJE njengeyunithi yezinhlamvu yobude obungu-20 futhi inikezwa inani elithi 'Sawubona, Umhlaba!'.
11. Isigaba PROCEDURE DIVISION. iqukethe logic yohlelo.
12. INICIO. ilebula emaka indawo yokuqala yohlelo.
13. DISPLAY 'Mensaje: ' MENSAJE. ibonisa esibukweni umyalezo othi “Umlayezo:” kulandelwa okuqukethwe kokuguquguqukayo MENSAJE.
14. STOP RUN. iqeda ukwenziwa kohlelo.

Lolu hlelo luvele luveze umyalezo othi “Sawubona, Mhlaba!” usebenzisa isitatimende se-DISPLAY bese uqeda ukwenziwa kohlelo. Ungakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso umlayezo ngokushintsha inani lokuguquguquka MENSAJE ngokwezidingo zakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe kunzima ukufunda i-Cobol?

Akunjalo. I-Cobol yakhelwe ukuba ibe ulimi oluqondakala kalula nolusebenziseka kalula. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yiluphi ulimi lokuhlela, kuthatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza ukuzenza kahle.

2. Ingabe i-Cobol isiphelelwe yisikhathi?

Nakuba kuwulimi oludala lokuhlela, i-Cobol ayisasebenzi. Isasetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi futhi kunesidingo esiqhubekayo sabahleli bezinhlelo zeCobol.

3. Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-Cobol ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje?

Yebo, ungakwazi. Nakuba kungavamile ukusebenzisa i-COBOL ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha, kungenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo eziningi ezindala ezibhalwe ku-COBOL zidinga ukulungiswa nokubuyekezwa, okunikeza amathuba amaningi kubahleli bezinhlelo ze-COBOL. Uma unesithakazelo ekuguqukeni kolimi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngincoma ukufunda ngomlando wamakhompyutha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwawo.

4. Ingabe i-Cobol iphephile?

I-Cobol yaziwa ngokuqina kwayo nokuthembeka, okwenza kube ulimi oluphephile lokuhlela ukusetshenziswa okuningi, ikakhulukazi embonini yezezimali nakuhulumeni.

5. Yini eyenza i-Cobol ihluke?

I-Cobol ihlukile ngezindlela eziningana. Kwakungolunye lwezilimi zokuqala zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi lwaluklanywe ngokukhethekile ukuthi lube lula ukulusebenzisa nokuluqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusabalele ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zebhizinisi kuqinisekise ukuhambisana kwayo phakathi neminyaka.

6. Ingabe i-Cobol isasebenza esikhathini esizayo?

I-COBOL cishe izohlala ibalulekile esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezindala ezibalulekile ezimbonini eziningi. Ungabheka umlando wamakhompyutha nezizukulwane zawo ukuze uqonde kangcono umongo lapho lolu limi luthuthuke khona.

Isiphetho

Nakuba ulimi lohlelo lwe-Cobol ludala, lusabalulekile futhi lusetshenziswa namuhla. Naphezu kokuvela kwezilimi eziningi zesimanje zokuhlela, i-Cobol imele isikhathi eside futhi isalokhu iyinsika embonini yezinhlelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ucabangela ukufunda i-Cobol noma unentshisekelo nje kumlando wokuhlela, i-Cobol iwulimi olufanele ukuhlonishwa nokubonga.

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