Izibuyekezo zokuphepha kwesofthiwe: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuvikela izinhlelo zakho

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Izibuyekezo zokuphepha kwesofthiwe: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuvikela izinhlelo zakho

Empilweni yansuku zonke, kulula ukuchofoza okuthi "ngikhumbuze kamuva" lapho isaziso sesibuyekezo sivela kukhompyutha yakho, ifoni, noma ngisho naku-smart TV yakho. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlehlisa lokhu kubuyekezwa unomphela kungenye yamaphutha amakhulu okuphepha ongawenza, kokubili ekhaya nasebhizinisini, okushiya amadivayisi akho engavikelekile.

Lokho abantu abaningi abakubona njengesiphazamiso, empeleni, kuyisithiyo esibalulekile ekuhlaselweni kwe-cyber, ukwebiwa kwedatha, kanye nezinkinga zokusebenza. Ukugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-firmware, kanye namathuluzi ezinkampani kusesikhathini akuyona into efunwa abakhiqizi, kodwa yingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yiliphi isu lokuphepha kwe-cyber elingathi sína.

Ziyini izibuyekezo zesofthiwe futhi kungani zidlulela ngale "kokushintsha izinguqulo"?

Uma sikhuluma ngokubuyekeza isofthiwe, sisho ukufaka izinguquko, ukulungiswa, noma ukuthuthukiswa ohlelweni lokusebenza olukhona, uhlelo, noma uhlelo lokusebenza , ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha ngokuphelele umkhiqizo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthuthukisa kusuka ku-Windows 10 kuya ku-Windows 11 (igxathu elikhulu noma ukuthuthukiswa ) akufani nokufaka ama-patch okuphepha anyanga zonke e-Windows 10.

Lezi zibuyekezo zingagxila ezindaweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuphepha, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza , kanye nezici ezintsha . Ngokuvamile, zonke ezintathu ziyahlanganiswa, kodwa umshayeli oyinhloko, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zobungcweti, ngokuvamile ukuphepha.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isofthiwe ingabuyekezwa ngokuphelele noma ngabe akuyona inguqulo yakamuva emakethe . Isibonelo, izinhlangano eziningi zisasebenzisa i-Windows 10 esikhundleni se-Windows 11, kodwa uma nje i-Microsoft ikhipha ama-patches futhi esetshenziswa ngokushesha, leso simiso singahlala siphephile futhi sisekelwa.

Esimweni sanamuhla, lapho sisebenza khona ngokushintshana namakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, amathebhulethi, ama-consoles emidlalo, ama-smart TV, kanye namadivayisi e-IoT , wonke lawa madivayisi abelana ngeqiniso elifanayo: isofthiwe yawo ineziphazamiso futhi idinga ama-patches avamile . Ukungayinaki le mjikelezo yokuvuselela kushiya umnyango uvulekele noma ubani onamakhono afanele.

Ubani odala futhi ashicilele izibuyekezo zokuphepha nama-patches

Ngemuva kwesibuyekezo ngasinye kunomsebenzi obalulekile owenziwa abakhiqizi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, abathuthukisi bezinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nabathengisi behadiwe. Yibo ababona ubuthakathaka, balungise amaphutha, futhi bapakishe ama-patches abese efinyelela kubasebenzisi nge-Windows Update, i-App Store, i-Google Play, noma izindlela ezifanayo.

Uma kutholakala iphutha elikhulu lokuphepha, isikhathi siyashesha. Abakhiqizi bangakhipha ama-patches aphuthumayo zingakapheli amahora noma izinsuku ukuze bavale ubuthakathaka ngokushesha okukhulu. Phakathi naleli windi, noma ubani owaziyo ngobuthakathaka angabusebenzisa, ngakho-ke iwashi lishaya labo abangabuyekezi.

Ezinkampanini, ngaphezu kwabakhiqizi, amathuluzi okuphatha ama-patch kanye namaqembu e-IT angaphakathi noma abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo abaphethwe bayabandakanyeka , abanomthwalo wokusabalalisa lezi zibuyekezo ngendlela elawulwayo kumadivayisi angamakhulu noma ezinkulungwane, bebeka phambili ngokokubaluleka.

Umehluko phakathi kwama-patches okuphepha kanye nezibuyekezo ezijwayelekile

Ezweni lokuphepha kwe-cyber, umehluko uvame ukwenziwa phakathi kwama -patches nezibuyekezo , yize ngokombono womsebenzisi zombili zifika ngesaziso esifanayo.

I-patch ngokuvamile iyisisombululo esithile esiklanyelwe ukubhekana nobuthakathaka, i-bug, noma iphutha . Ngokuvamile incane, iyaphuthuma, futhi igxile enkingeni echazwe kahle. Ama-patch okuphepha, empeleni, ayimigqa yokuqala yokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni okwaziwayo.

Izibuyekezo ezibanzi zinhle kakhulu: zifaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, izici ezintsha, izinguquko zesixhumi esibonakalayo, ukulungiswa kokuhambisana, kanye nama-patch okuphepha ahlanganisiwe . Ngakho-ke, athatha isikhala esiningi, adinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele, futhi akhishwa ngesheduli ehlelwe kakhulu (njalo ngenyanga, njalo ngekota, njalo ngonyaka, njll.).

Ezingeni lokuphatha, ama-patch okuphepha abalulekile ngokuvamile abaluleke kakhulu futhi kufanele asetshenziswe ngokushesha okukhulu , kuyilapho izibuyekezo ezinkulu ngezinye izikhathi zihlelwa ngesikhathi samafasitela okulungisa ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamisa imisebenzi.

Izinhlobo zesofthiwe okumele zigcinwe zisesikhathini

Enhlanganweni, kanye nasekhaya, akwanele ukucabanga nje "ngekhompyutha." Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesofthiwe ezidinga ukuqapha njalo uma ufuna ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle yokuphepha.

Okokuqala kuza uhlelo lokusebenza : iWindows kanye nezinhlelo zayo , i-macOS, i-Linux (Ubuntu, i-Red Hat…), i-Android, i-iOS, njll. Luyingqimba eyisisekelo, futhi uma lusengozini, umhlaseli angathola ukulawula okubanzi kwedivayisi . Izibuyekezo zokuphepha azixoxiswani lapha.

Ngenhla kwalezi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke , ikakhulukazi lezo ezivuliwe usuku lonke: iziphequluli zewebhu, ama-office suites, amaklayenti e-imeyili, amathuluzi okuxhumana kanye nanoma iyiphi isofthiwe ecubungula amadokhumenti noma izixhumanisi zangaphandle.

• Isofthiwe eyenziwe ngokwezifiso noma ethuthukiswe ngaphakathiAkunazo izinkinga. Uma usebenzisa imitapo yolwazi evela eceleni (uhlaka, amamojula, ama-SDK), kuyimpoqo. futhi qapha izibuyekezo zaleyo minyango.
• Izicelo ezinamalungelo aphezuluKonke okusebenza njengomlawuli noma impande kumele kulungiswe kahle kakhulu, ngoba Ukusebenza kwayo kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela uhlelo ngokugcwele..

Esinye isici esivame ukunganakwa yi -firmware , isofthiwe esezingeni eliphansi elawula ama-router, ama-switch, izindawo zokufinyelela ze-Wi-Fi, amaphrinta, amakhamera e-IP, i-PC BIOS/UEFI , namanye amadivayisi. Ukubuyekeza i-firmware kulungisa amaphutha athinta ngqo ukulawulwa kwehadiwe , ngakho-ke, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi iyonke.

Ukubaluleka kokubuyekezwa kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwanamuhla

Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ziphila ngokuthola izikhala zokuphepha. Njalo lapho kukhishwa i-patch bulletin, iveza esidlangalaleni ukuthi yikuphi ubuthakathaka obulungisiwe . Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, noma ubani angafunda iphutha futhi athuthukise indlela yokulisebenzisa.

Uma inhlangano ingasebenzisi lesi sici, ihlala isengozini yokuhlaselwa okukhona kakade izixazululo zazo . Izehlakalo eziningi ze-ransomware kanye nokwephulwa kwedatha kungachazwa kalula ngokuba khona kwesofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi kwezinye izinhlelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibuyekezo zisiza ukuvimba ama-vector okuhlasela avamile, ukunciphisa ingozi ye-malware, nokuvikela idatha ebucayi (yomuntu siqu, yezezimali, yezinkampani). Ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, njengalezo eziphatha idatha yomuntu siqu ngaphansi kwe-GDPR, ukwehluleka ukuphinda kungabhekwa njengobudedengu obucacile.

Amacala afana ne-WannaCry abonise ukuthi i-patch yokuphepha enganakwa izinyanga ingagcina ibiza izigidi ngokulahlekelwa, umonakalo wedumela, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi . Ubuthakathaka bulungisiwe, kodwa izinkulungwane zezinkampani azizange zibuyekezwe. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba nezinyathelo ezifana nokuvikelwa kwe-ransomware.

Izinzuzo ezengeziwe: ukusebenza, ukuzinza, kanye nokuhambisana

Akukhona nje kuphela ngokuphepha. Izibuyekezo ziletha nezinzuzo ezibonakalayo ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke. Zithuthukisa ukusebenza, zinciphisa amaphutha, futhi zenze izinhlelo zokusebenza zizinze kakhudlwana , okuholela ekuphahlazekeni okumbalwa, amathikithi okusekela ambalwa, kanye nokukhiqiza okukhulu.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uhlelo lwezobuchwepheshe luhlala lushintsha : ihadiwe entsha, izinguqulo ezintsha zezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinguquko kumasevisi efu, iziphequluli, amaphrothokholi, njalo njalo. Ngaphandle kwezibuyekezo, isofthiwe iba yisikhathi futhi izinkinga zokuhambisana ziqala ukuvela.

Ngokuvamile, isibuyekezo esilula silungisa amaphutha acasulayo abasebenzisi abebelokhu behlushwa yiwo isikhathi eside (amaphutha angahleliwe, ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza, ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile) futhi alungiswa njengoba umenzi ethola imibiko.

Ngakho-ke, ukugcina isofthiwe isesikhathini nakho kuyisinqumo mayelana nokusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi , hhayi nje indaba yokuphepha kwe-inthanethi noma ukuthobela imithetho.

Izibuyekezo kumakhompyutha: iWindows ne-macOS

Ezweni ledeskithophu, iWindows ne-macOS zithathe izindlela ezihlukile uma kukhulunywa ngokuphatha izibuyekezo zohlelo lokusebenza. IWindows ithembele kakhulu kuhlelo ngalunye olusebenzisa indlela yalo yokuvuselela ; ezindaweni zezinkampani, ukuphepha kweWindows Pro kunezela izilawuli ezenza kube lula ukuphathwa okuphakathi, kuyilapho ku-macOS, i-App Store ihlanganisa le nqubo kakhulu.

Ku-Windows, uhlelo lokusebenza lubuyekezwa kusukela kuzilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo Nokuphepha > Isibuyekezo se-Windows . Yilapho kokubili ama-patch okuphepha kanye nezibuyekezo eziqongelelekayo ziphathwa khona. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zezinkampani zangaphandle zibuyekezwa kuphela uma umsebenzisi evula uhlelo futhi amukela isaziso, noma uma kusetshenziswa amathuluzi athile okuphatha ama-patch.

Ku-macOS, ngaphezu kokuvuselelwa kwesistimu okuvela ku -System Preferences > Software Update , izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezifakiwe kusuka ku-App Store zibuyekezwa maphakathi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandwe ngaphandle kwe-App Store zivame ukufaka uhlelo lwazo lokwazisa abasebenzisi nokulanda izinguqulo ezintsha.

Kulabo abafuna ukuya phambili, kunezinsiza ezifana ne -MacUpdater ku-macOS noma izixazululo ezifana ne-Patch My PC ku-Windows, ezihlaziya yonke isofthiwe efakiwe futhi zibonise ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezinezinguqulo ezisalindile , okuvumela ukuthi zibuyekezwe ngobuningi.

Amathuluzi namasu okuvuselela amabhizinisi amancane

Ebhizinisini elincane, ukuhlola izibuyekezo kudivayisi ngayinye akunakwenzeka. Ukuphathwa kwe-patch kudinga izinga elithile lokuzenzakalela kanye nombono ophelele walokho okufakiwe kanye nokuthi iyiphi inguqulo.

Ezindaweni ezinamakhompyutha ambalwa e-Windows, amathuluzi alula njenge- Patch My PC enza umsebenzi ube lula kakhulu. Athola isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi asebenzise izibuyekezo buthule , ngaphandle kokufaka umsebenzisi ama-pop-up, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukungqubuzana.

Njengoba inani lamadivayisi likhula (amahhovisi anamadivayisi ayi-10, 20, noma ngaphezulu), amapulatifomu amaningi aphelele njenge- ManageEngine's Patch Manager Plus noma izixazululo ezifanayo ziyaqala ukusebenza . Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi:

• Sabalalisa ama-patching agents ku-Windows, macOS, kanye ne-Linuxkungaba nge-Active Directory noma ukufakwa ngesandla.
• Chaza izinqubomgomo ezisetshenziswa kuma-patches, kumaphi amaqembu, futhi ngasiphi isikhathi.
• Hlanganisa ukulanda izibuyekezo ukuze wonge umkhawulokudonsa kumanethiwekhi anamadivayisi amaningi.

Lawa mathuluzi anikeza inkampani umbono ocacile ngesimo sokuvuselelwa kwemikhumbi yonke , okuyisihluthulelo sokuphendula ekuhlolweni kwezokuphepha noma ezidingweni zomthetho ezifana ne-PCI DSS noma amazinga angaphakathi.

Izibuyekezo zeselula: i-iOS ne-Android

Amafoni aphathwayo asephenduke amakhompyutha atholakala kalula, anikeza ukufinyelela ku-imeyili yenkampani, izinhlelo zokusebenza zasebhange, kanye namadokhumenti abucayi; ama-smartphone ezindaweni zebhizinisi adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukunganaki izibuyekezo zama-smartphone kufana nokuvula umnyango oqondile kunethiwekhi yenhlangano kanye nedatha.

Ku-iPhone, inqubo ilula: Izilungiselelo > Okuvamile > Isibuyekezo Sesofthiwe . I-iOS ikwazisa ngezinguqulo ezintsha, futhi i-Apple ivame ukusekela amadivayisi amadala iminyaka eminingana ngama-patches okuphepha.

Ku-Android, le mbono iyafana (Izilungiselelo > Uhlelo > Isibuyekezo sesofthiwe), kodwa iqiniso lincike kakhulu kumenzi wedivayisi kanye nemodeli . Amafoni amaningi athola ama-patches okuphepha avela ku-Google iminyaka emibili noma emithathu kuphela, okushiya amadivayisi amadala engavikelekile ekungcoleni okusha.

Ukuze uhlole isimo, kuyasiza ukubuyekeza "izinga le-security patch" kuzilungiselelo ze-Android . Uma lolo suku luphelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu futhi kungekho zibuyekezo ezikhishwayo, kufanele ucabangele ngokungathi sína ukuthi idivayisi isafanelekela ukusetshenziswa okubucayi noma ukuthi kungcono yini ukuyishintsha.

Ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo zokusebenza, i-iOS ne-Android zigcina isiteshi esihlala njalo nezitolo zazo (i-App Store ne-Play Store) . Izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukusebenza uma idivayisi ixhuma ku-Wi-Fi, kodwa kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisele zingalungiswanga.

Izingozi zokufaka isofthiwe nezibuyekezo ezivela emithonjeni engathembekile

Akuzona zonke "izibuyekezo" ezitholakala ku-inthanethi ezisemthethweni. Izingosi eziningi zokulanda ezigebengu noma ezingabazisayo zinikeza abafaki abakhohlisiwe abaqukethe i-malware, noma ngabe bathi iyinguqulo yakamuva yohlelo oludumile.

Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa ukusesha kwabantu imifantu, amalayisense amahhala, noma izinguqulo ezishibhile zesofthiwe ekhokhelwayo ukuze zingene ngemfihlo kuma-Trojans, ama-ransomware, noma ama-backdoors . Kulezi zimo, "isibuyekezo" esicatshangelwayo empeleni siyimbangela yokutheleleka.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukulanda isofthiwe nama-patches kuphela eziteshini ezisemthethweni : amawebhusayithi abakhiqizi, izindawo zokugcina eziqinisekisiwe, izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni, noma amapulatifomu okusabalalisa aqashelwayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uhlelo lokusebenza lucela izimvume noma amalungelo aphezulu, kubalulekile ukubukeza ngokucophelela lokho olukucelayo . Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lwethoshi lucela ukufinyelela koxhumana nabo, imiyalezo ye-SMS, kanye nendawo ngemuva, kukhona okubonakala kungahambi kahle. Ukunciphisa izimvume ezingeni eliphansi elifanele kunciphisa umthelela uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kokuphepha.

Ukubuyekezwa kobungozi kanye nohlelo lokuphatha lwezinkampani

Ezinhlanganweni ezinamaseva amaningi, izindawo zokusebenza, namadivayisi eselula, ukwenza ngcono akuyona inketho. Uhlelo lokubuyekeza uhlelo oluchazwe kahle lubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukulawula nokubeka phambili ngokusekelwe engcupheni.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuqoqwa okuphelele kwehadiwe nesofthiwe efakiwe , okuhlanganisa izinguqulo kanye nezinsuku zokuphela kokusekelwa. Uma umkhiqizo ungasasekelwa umenzi, kusho ukuthi, ngemva kwephuzu elithile, ngeke usathola ama-patches, noma ngabe kutholakala ubuthakathaka obusha.

Inqubo yokuhlaziya ubungozi yakhelwe phezu kwalolu hlu lwezinto ezigciniwe , kungaba ngamathuluzi azenzakalelayo noma ngokulandela izexwayiso zokuphepha ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezikhethekile. Umgomo uwukunquma ukuthi yimaphi amaphutha athinta ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo nokuthi zibucayi kangakanani.

Uma ubuthakathaka sebutholakele, umzamo wobungozi kanye nokunciphisa uyahlukaniswa . Ukwehluleka okukhulu kuseva evezwe ku-inthanethi akufani nenkinga encane emshinini ohlukanisiwe. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa ukubeka phambili ama-patches nokunquma amafasitela okulungisa.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isibuyekezo esikhulu, kuyalulekwa ukwenza izivivinyo ezilawulwayo ezindaweni zangaphambi kokukhiqiza noma neqembu elincane lamaqembu . Lokhu kusiza ekuboneni ukungalingani, imiphumela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zebhizinisi, noma izinguquko ezingafuneki.

Okulandelayo kuza ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe kwama-patches , kusetshenziswa, isibonelo, amafasitela asebusuku noma izimpelasonto ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka. Lapho sekuqediwe, kuyadingeka ukuhlola kabusha izimpahla nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuthakathaka bulungisiwe ngempela nokuthi izinhlelo ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza njengoba bekulindelekile.

Ukuzenzakalela, ukuqapha, kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu yokuphathwa kwe-patch

Njengoba inani lamadivayisi likhula, ukuphathwa ngesandla kuba yinto engasebenzi. Ukuthola, ukulanda, kanye nokusabalalisa izibuyekezo ngokuzenzakalelayo kubalulekile ekugwemeni ukuthembela kumsebenzisi ngamunye ukuthi achofoze okuthi "faka manje."

Izixazululo zokuphathwa kwama-patch zobungcweti zikuvumela ukuthi uchaze izinqubomgomo ngokusekelwe ekubalulekeni (ama-patch okuphepha abalulekile asetshenziswa ngokushesha, amanye aqoqwa ngama-windows avamile), kanye nokukhiqiza imibiko yokuthobela imithetho ukuze wazi ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu anolwazi lwakamuva nokuthi yimaphi anganolwazi lwakamuva.

Omunye umkhuba omuhle ukusungula inqubomgomo yokuphathwa kwe-patch esemthethweni ngaphakathi kwenhlangano: ukuvama kokubuyekezwa, izikhathi eziphezulu zokufaka isicelo ngokuya ngobunzima, izinhlangothi ezinesibopho, izinqubo zokuhlola, izinhlelo zokubuyisela emuva, njll.

Kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukuqeqesha nokukhulisa ulwazi phakathi kwabasebenzi . Abasebenzisi abaningi bavame ukunganaki izaziso zokuvuselelwa ukuze kube lula. Ukuchaza umthelela wesofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi ngezibonelo zangempela kusiza ukushintsha leso simo sengqondo.

Okokugcina, kuyalulekwa ukulandela eduze ama-newsletter ezokuphepha avela kubakhiqizi kanye nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni ukuze kuqashwe izinsongo ezivelayo kanye nama-patches abalulekile asanda kukhishwa adinga impendulo esheshayo.

Kunini lapho kunengqondo ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo zokuthuthukisa zobungcweti?

Nakuba izibuyekezo eziningi zilula kakhulu, izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zingaholela ezinkingeni zokuhambisana, ukuncika kohlelo, izidingo zomthetho, noma amafasitela esevisi aqinile kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, ukunikeza ochwepheshe ukuphathwa kwama-patch kungaba ngcono kakhulu.

Isevisi yobungcweti ivame ukufaka ukuhlaziywa kokuhambisana, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuhlela ukuthunyelwa, kanye nokuqapha ngemuva kokuhlolwa , ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa amathuba okuba isibuyekezo sibangele ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, la maqembu avame ukusebenza namapulatifomu ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa ukuphathwa kwamadivayisi akude kanye nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo , okuvumela amanethiwekhi asatshalaliswayo, abasebenzi bezingcingo, noma amahhovisi akude ukuthi agcinwe esesikhathini ngaphandle kokuhamba njalo.

Ezinkampanini eziningi, ukunikeza le ngxenye umsebenzi ngaphandle kubavumela ukuthi bagxile ebhizinisini labo eliyinhloko ngenkathi beqinisekisa ukuthi ingqalasizinda kanye nesofthiwe zivikelwe futhi zilungiselelwe kahle , into eyigugu kakhulu uma bengenawo umnyango omkhulu we-IT.

Ukugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye ne-firmware kusesikhathini, ukusebenzisa ama-patches ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ezifanele, ukugwema imithombo engathembekile, kanye nokuthembela kumathuluzi nezinqubomgomo zokuphatha ama-patch eziqinile, kokubili ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezokuhlela, yikho okwenza umehluko phakathi kwengqalasizinda evikelwe kahle kanye nendawo egcwele iminyango evulekile yokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber, izehlakalo zokutholakala, kanye nezinkinga zokuthobela imithetho.