- Ukwebiwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu kuhlanganisa amaphutha ezobuchwepheshe nawomuntu, futhi kunemiphumela engathi sína kwezomnotho, ezomthetho kanye nesithunzi.
- Imikhuba efana namaphasiwedi aqinile, i-MFA, izibuyekezo, izipele, nokuqapha kwenethiwekhi kunciphisa ubungozi obuningi.
- Izinkampani kufanele zibethele idatha, zikhawulele ukufinyelela, ziqeqeshe abasebenzi bazo, futhi zichaze impendulo futhi zivikele izinqubo zokususa.
- Isiko le-Cybersecurity kanye nemfundo eqhubekayo yomsebenzisi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ngokumelene nobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nokunye ukuhlaselwa.
Ezweni lapho ukuchofoza ngakunye kushiya umkhondo, ukwebiwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu sekungenye yezingozi ezinkulu kakhulu kubantu ngabanye kanye namabhizinisi. Akukhona nje ngemali: ubuwena bakho bedijithali, idumela lakho, ngisho nokuthula kwakho kwengqondo kusengozini lapho uthola ukuthi othile wenza egameni lakho.
Imiphumela yezezimali yokwephulwa kwedatha ingaba yingozi kakhulu, kodwa umthelela udlulela ngalé kwalokho. Isigebengu se-inthanethi singantshontsha ubuwena bakho , sivule ama-akhawunti asebhange, sithathe imali mboleko egameni lakho, sebe idatha yezokwelapha, noma sibeke engcupheni ulwazi oluyimfihlo lwenkampani. Ngenhlanhla, ngemikhuba emihle kanye nezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuphepha ezisetshenziswe kahle, kungenzeka ukuvimbela iningi lezehlakalo.
Kuyini ukwebiwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu futhi kungani kufanele ube nendaba?
Uma sikhuluma ngokwebiwa kwedatha, sibhekisela ekuthengweni okungekho emthethweni kolwazi oluyimfihlo — kungaba olomuntu siqu, olwezezimali, olwenkampani, noma olwezokwelapha — olugcinwe kumakhompyutha, kumadivayisi eselula, kumaseva, noma kumasevisi efu. Umhlaseli akadingi ukuthatha noma yini ngokoqobo; ukukopisha noma ukuphinda ulwazi kwanele ukulusebenzisa kabi noma ukuluthengisa.
Idatha eyebiwe ingafaka konke kusukela kumaphasiwedi, izinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu, imininingwane ye-akhawunti yasebhange , amakhadi omazisi, namapasipoti kuya kumarekhodi ezokwelapha, izizindalwazi zamakhasimende, ama-algorithms , kanye nezinqubo zangaphakathi zenkampani. Ngokuvamile, lolu lwazi luphelela ezimakethe ezingekho emthethweni lapho luthengwa futhi luthengiswa khona ngemikhankaso yokukhwabanisa, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane eminingi, kanye nokwebiwa kobunikazi.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuvuza kwedatha nokwephulwa kwedatha . Ukuvuza kuvame ukuba ngengozi: idokhumenti elabiwe kabi, i-hard drive elahlekile, isizindalwazi esingalungiselelwe kahle. Ukuphulwa kwedatha kubhekisela kakhulu ekuhlaselweni ngamabomu , lapho othile esebenzisa khona ubuthakathaka bobuchwepheshe noma bomuntu ukuze afinyelele izinhlelo zabanye abantu.
Enkampanini, isigameko salolu hlobo singabandakanya amacala, izinhlawulo, izindleko zokubuyisa , ukulahlekelwa amakhasimende, kanye nokumiswa kokusebenza. Kumuntu ngamunye, ingozi eshesha kakhulu ukwebiwa kobunikazi , kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezimali okuqondile kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngenxa yokufakazela ukuthi awuzange wenze ukuthengiselana okuthile.
Indlela ukwebiwa kwedatha okwenzeka ngayo: amasu avamile namaphutha
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa kwengqondo ukuze zithole ulwazi. Nakuba amathuluzi eshintsha, izindlela zokuhlasela ziyaziphinda njalo.
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo . Isibonelo esivamile ukuphinga: ama-imeyili, imiyalezo ye-SMS, noma okuthunyelwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana okuzenza ibhange lakho, inkampani eyaziwayo, noma ngisho ne-ejensi kahulumeni, okukukhohlisela ukuthi uchofoze isixhumanisi, ulande ifayela, noma unikeze iziqinisekiso zakho. Uma uwela kukho, umhlaseli uthola ukufinyelela okuqondile kudatha yakho.
Okunye ukusengozini okusetshenziswa kaningi amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka noma asetshenziswa kabusha . Uma usebenzisa iphasiwedi efanayo kukho konke noma ukhetha inhlanganisela esobala (izinsuku zokuzalwa, 123456, igama lesilwane), ukwephulwa kwewebhusayithi okukodwa yikho kuphela okudingekayo kumhlaseli ukuze azame leyo phasiwedi kuwo wonke amanye ama-akhawunti akho.
Ubuthakathaka bobuchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile: izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingahlelwanga kahle, izinhlelo ezingenazo iziqeshana zokuphepha, ama-router anezilungiselelo zasefekthri, isofthiwe ye-antivirus esiphelelwe yisikhathi... Konke lokhu kuvula iminyango umhlaseli angayiskena futhi ayisebenzise ngamathuluzi azenzakalelayo.
Asikwazi ukukhohlwa izinsongo zangaphakathi . Abasebenzi abanganelisekile, abasebenzi bangaphambilini, noma abahlinzeki abanokufinyelela okungakasuswa ngesikhathi bangakopisha, bashintshe, noma bakhiphe ulwazi olubalulekile. Kulokhu kuneziphambeko zabantu : ukuthumela idokhumenti eyimfihlo koxhumana naye ongalungile, ukwabelana ngesixhumanisi somphakathi ngephutha, ukuthumela okuningi kakhulu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, noma ukusebenzisa amadivayisi omuntu siqu ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha.
Kukhona nezingozi eziningi ezingokomzimba: ukwebiwa kwama-laptop, omakhalekhukhwini, noma ama-USB drive; ukubhekwa esitolo sekhofi; noma ukufakwa kwamadivayisi kuma-ATM nama-POS terminals ukuze kuhlanganiswe amakhadi . Ngisho nokulandwa okuvela kumawebhusayithi angathembekile noma isofthiwe "yamahhala" kungaqukatha i-malware efihliwe evula umnyango wokwebiwa kwedatha.
Iyiphi idatha abavame ukuyintshontsha futhi bayisebenzisela ini?
Empeleni, cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi lungaba wusizo, kuye ngokuthi umhlaseli uhlose ukuthini. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu ezihlosiwe kukhona amarekhodi amakhasimende , izizindalwazi eziqukethe amagama, amakheli, izinombolo zocingo, ama-imeyili, kanye nemikhuba yokuthenga—konke lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu emikhankasweni yogaxekile noma ukukhwabanisa okuhlosiwe.
Idatha yezezimali nayo iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu : izinombolo zamakhadi, ama-akhawunti asebhange, ama-IBAN, iziqinisekiso zasebhange eziku-inthanethi, kanye nemibhalo yomazisi evumela umuntu ukuthi avule imikhiqizo yezezimali egameni lakho. Ngolwazi olwanele, isigebengu singathatha imali mboleko, sithenge, noma sihlanze imali sisebenzisa umazisi wakho.
Ezweni lezinkampani, ikhodi yomthombo, ama-algorithms, nezinqubo zangaphakathi , kanye nemibhalo yamasu, imiklamo, izabelomali, kanye neziphakamiso zebhizinisi, zibaluleke kakhulu . Yilapho ubunhloli bezimboni kanye nenzuzo yokuncintisana ngaphezu kwezinye izinkampani emkhakheni kudlala khona indima.
Ngaphakathi, bafuna futhi amarekhodi e-HR kanye nedatha yabasebenzi : ukukhokhelwa, ukuhlolwa, idatha yezokwelapha, amakheli ayimfihlo, konke okungasetshenziselwa ukusongela, ukukhwabanisa okuqondiwe noma imikhankaso emisha yobunjiniyela bezenhlalo.
Okokugcina, kunemibhalo yomuntu siqu esiyigcina kumakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, kanye nasefwini: izinkontileka, amatayitela, imibiko yezokwelapha, izithombe zangasese, noma izingxoxo ezibucayi. Akuyona kakhulu idokhumenti ngokwayo, kodwa yini engenziwa ngayo: ukwebiwa kobunikazi, ukuphanga, noma ukonakalisa idumela lakho.
Imiphumela yokwebiwa kwedatha yabantu ngabanye nezinkampani
Uma inhlangano ihlushwa ukwephulwa kwedatha noma ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber, inkinga ayigcini nje ngokushaqeka kokuqala. Imiphumela ihumusha ibe yizindleko eziqondile nezingaqondile ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza iminyaka eminingi.
Phakathi kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu ezinkampanini kukhona amacala angaba khona avela kumakhasimende anedatha encishisiwe, izimfuno zokukhokha ezivela kumaqembu e-ransomware, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokubuyisa: ukubuyisela ama-backups, ukwakha kabusha izinhlelo, ukuqinisa ingqalasizinda, ukuqasha ochwepheshe nabameli.
Kukhona futhi ingxenye enkulu yomonakalo odabeni . Ukwephulwa kokuphepha kungabangela amakhasimende amaningi ukuba alahlekelwe ukwethenjwa futhi ashintshele kubancintisani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngemithethonqubo esebenzayo, izinhlawulo kanye nezijeziso zomthetho zingase zibekwe uma kungaboniswanga izinyathelo zokuvikela idatha ezanele.
Lokhu kwandiswa yizinkathi zokungasebenzi ngesikhathi kuphenywa lesi sigameko futhi kwenziwa imizamo yokubuyisela ukusebenza okuvamile. Ihora ngalinye ngaphandle kwesevisi kusho ukulahlekelwa ukuthengisa, ukubambezeleka kwephrojekthi, kanye nomthelela ekukhiqizeni kwenhlangano yonke.
Kubantu ngabanye, ingozi enkulu ukwebiwa kobunikazi . Uma umuntu ezifanisa nawe, angakufaka ezikweletini, enze ubugebengu egameni lakho, ahlukumeze abanye, noma asayine izivumelwano okuzodingeka uziphikisane nazo kamuva. Ukuxazulula konke lokhu kuhilela isikhathi, imali, kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo, kanye namacala, izimangalo, kanye nenqubo ende yokuhlanza igama lakho.
Imikhuba ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukwebiwa kwedatha empilweni yakho yedijithali
Ukugwema ukuba yisisulu esilula kuhilela ukushintsha imikhuba yansuku zonke lapho usebenzisa i-inthanethi, ifoni ephathekayo, noma ikhompyutha. Lezi yizinyathelo ezilula, lapho zisetshenziswa kahle, ezivimba ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwe-inthanethi okubhekiswe kubasebenzisi ngabanye.
Insika yokuqala amaphasiwedi . Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi ahlukene kusevisi ngayinye, okwenza abe made futhi abe yinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganisa izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu. Umqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa amagama okungena ongawakhumbula futhi angahlobene nolwazi lomuntu siqu olusobala.
Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, vumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili noma eziningi (i-MFA). Ngale ndlela, noma ngabe othile uthola iphasiwedi yakho, angadinga nefoni yakho ephathekayo, izigxivizo zeminwe, noma ikhodi eyengeziwe ukuze afinyelele. Lesi sinyathelo esilula siphumelela ekuvimbeleni imizamo eminingi yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe.
Omunye umkhuba oyinhloko ukuqaphela ama-imeyili, imiyalezo, noma imiyalezo esolisayo . Ungachofozi izixhumanisi ezingalindelekile, ungalandi izinamathiselo ezivela kubathumeli abangabazisayo, futhi usole noma yimuphi umyalezo okucindezelayo noma ocela ulwazi oluyimfihlo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi lungaba semthethweni, vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ngokwakho ngokuthayipha ikheli kusiphequluli sakho.
Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukunciphisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu owabelana ngalo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nakwezinye izinsizakalo. Uma kunemininingwane eminingi yomphakathi ngawe, kuba lula ngomuntu ukwakha iphrofayela enemininingwane eminingi ukuze akhohlise noma azenze ongeyena. Buyekeza izilungiselelo zobumfihlo zama-akhawunti akho futhi unciphise lokho umuntu angakubona.
Okokugcina, gwema imikhuba eyingozi njengokuthumelelana imiyalezo yocansi noma ukuthumela okuqukethwe okuyimfihlo . Uma lokho kuqukethwe kuphelela ezandleni ezingafanele, kungasetshenziswa ukukusongela noma ukukulimaza wena mathupha nangokomsebenzi.
Izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile: i-antivirus, izibuyekezo nezipele
Ngaphezu kwemikhuba emihle, kubalulekile ukuthembela kumathuluzi ayisisekelo okuphepha kwe-inthanethi asebenza njengenethi yokuphepha lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Akudingeki ube uchwepheshe; ukuba namathuluzi ambalwa ayisisekelo ahlelwe kahle kwanele.
I- antivirus yakamuva ibalulekile kumakhompyutha futhi inconywa kakhulu kumaselula namathebulethi. Lezi zixazululo zibona i-malware, i-ransomware, i-spyware, nezinye izinhlelo ezinonya ezizama ukungena ezinhlelweni ngama-imeyili, okulandwayo, amawebhusayithi, noma amadrayivu e-USB.
Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukugcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathini . Izibuyekezo azigcini nje ngokuthuthukiswa okubonakalayo: zifaka phakathi ama-patches okuphepha avala ubuthakathaka obaziwayo. Uma uhlehlisa izaziso zokuvuselelwa unomphela, ushiya iminyango ivulekile ezaziwa kahle yizigebengu ze-inthanethi.
Asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngama -backup avamile . Ukulondoloza amafayela akho abalulekile ku-hard drive yangaphandle, i-USB flash drive, noma isevisi yamafu kukuvikela uma kwenzeka ukwebiwa kwedivayisi, ukwehluleka kwediski, noma ukuhlaselwa kwe-ransomware. Ezimweni eziningi, i-backup iyindlela ethembekile engu-100% yokuthola idatha yakho.
Kunconywa futhi ukuthi usebenzise futhi ulungiselele kahle i -firewall eyakhelwe ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza noma i-router. Lesi sivimbeli silawula ukuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana okungenayo nokuphumayo kukhompyutha yakho, sivimba imizamo yokufinyelela kude esolisayo.
Uma wabelana ngekhompyutha nabanye abantu, dala ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi ahlukene anezimvume ezilinganiselwe zemisebenzi yansuku zonke, ugcine i-akhawunti yomphathi kuphela ukuze ifake izinhlelo noma ishintshe izilungiselelo ezibalulekile. Ngale ndlela, uma i-akhawunti eyodwa isengozini, umonakalo uyavinjelwa.
Ukuvikelwa kweselula, amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi namadivayisi axhunyiwe
Namuhla sisebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini bethu cishe kukho konke : ukubhenka ku-inthanethi, ukuyothenga, izinkundla zokuxhumana, umsebenzi, izithombe zomuntu siqu… Lokhu kubenza bakhangeke njengabahlaseli, uma kungenjalo kakhulu, njengekhompyutha.
Qiniseka ukuthi i-smartphone noma ithebhulethi yakho inokukhiya isikrini okune-PIN, iphethini, izigxivizo zeminwe, noma ukubonwa kobuso , bese unika amandla inketho yokuthola idivayisi nokusula idatha yayo ukude. Faka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisemthethweni kuphela futhi uqaphele izixhumanisi ezikucela ukuthi ulande izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwalezo ziteshi.
Ngokuphathelene namanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi omphakathi (izikhumulo zezindiza, ama-cafe, amahhotela), kufanele uwaphathe njengezindawo ezingaphephile . Gwema ukufinyelela ebhange eliku-inthanethi, i-imeyili yenkampani, noma izinsizakalo ezinedatha ebucayi evela kubo. Uma ungenayo enye indlela, sebenzisa njalo ukuxhumana okubethelwe (HTTPS) kanye, okungcono kakhulu, i-VPN ukuvikela yonke ithrafikhi.
Ekhaya noma ebhizinisini lakho, shintsha amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo e-router yakho , vumela ukubethela kwe-WPA2 noma i-WPA3, bese usebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile. Cabanga ngokudala inethiwekhi ehlukile yezivakashi kanye namadivayisi e-Internet of Things (izipikha ezihlakaniphile, amakhamera e-IP, ama-TV, amawashi, izilandeli zokufaneleka, njll.), njengoba lezi zivame ukuba nokuphepha okuqinile okwakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Buyekeza njalo izinhlelo zokusebenza nezandiso ozigunyazile kusiphequluli sakho kanye nama-akhawunti ezinkundla zokuxhumana. Imidlalo, imibuzo, kanye nezinye izinsizakalo "ezingavamile" ezicela ukufinyelela koxhumana nabo, umlando wokuphequlula, noma okuthunyelwe kungaba umthombo wokuvuza kwedatha.
Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu eziqondile zezinkampani nezinhlangano
Emvelweni yenkampani, ukuvikela idatha yomuntu siqu neyimfihlo kudinga ukuya phambili nokuhlanganisa izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe, zenhlangano, kanye nezokuqeqesha . Ukufaka nje isofthiwe ye-antivirus akwanele: kudingeka isu elicacile.
Iphuzu elibalulekile ukubethela kolwazi olubucayi olugcinwe kumaseva, ama-laptop, amadivayisi eselula, kanye nemidiya yokugcina yangaphandle. Uma idivayisi ilahleka noma yebiwe, ukubethela kuvimbela abantu besithathu ekufundeni idatha ngaphandle kokhiye ofanele.
Kubalulekile ukukhawulela ukuthi ubani ongafinyelela ini. Ukusebenzisa isimiso samalungelo aphansi kanye nokulawula ukufinyelela okusekelwe ezindimeni kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi: isisebenzi ngasinye kufanele sibone futhi sishintshe ulwazi oludingekayo endimeni yaso. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amadivayisi avikela iphasiwedi kanye nenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, kanye nokubuyekeza ama-akhawunti ngezikhathi ezithile anamalungelo aphezulu.
Izinkampani kumele zisebenzise izixazululo zokuphepha ezizungezile kanye nezindawo zokugcina : i-antivirus yenkampani, i-firewall, izinhlelo zokuthola ukungena, ukuvikelwa ku-malware ethuthukisiwe kanye ne-ransomware, kanye namathuluzi okuqapha ukuthola ukuziphatha okungavamile.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuqeqeshwa kokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kwabo bonke abasebenzi . Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kakhulu ngokuvamile umuntu ochofoza lapho kungafanele khona, abelane ngephasiwedi yakhe, noma athumele ifayela elibucayi kumamukeli ongalungile. Izinhlelo zokuqwashisa, ukulingisa i-phishing, kanye nezinqubo zesenzo ezicacile zenza umehluko omkhulu.
Uma usebenzisa izinsizakalo zezinkampani zangaphandle njenge- cloud computing, i-SaaS noma isitoreji samafu , kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele nokuthi izinkontileka zichaza ngokucacile imithwalo yemfanelo yeqembu ngalinye mayelana nokuvikelwa kwedatha.
Okufanele ukwenze uma inkampani yakho ihlangabezana nokuphulwa kwedatha
Uma inhlangano ithola ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okudalule idatha yomuntu siqu yamakhasimende, abasebenzisi, noma abasebenzi , isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukusabela ngokushesha nangokuhambisana nohlelo oluchazwe kusengaphambili.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvimbela lesi sigameko : ukuhlukanisa izinhlelo ezithintekile, ukushintsha iziqinisekiso, ukunqamula izinsizakalo ezithintekile, nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa ukuthi kungasabalali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithimba lobuchwepheshe nelezomthetho kumele lisebenze ukuze lihlele impendulo.
Endabeni yeSpain kanye ne-General Data Protection Regulation, uma ulwazi olufakwe engcupheni luhlanganisa idatha yomuntu siqu engabethelwe , kuyimpoqo ukwazisa i-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ngokwephulwa komthetho kungakapheli isikhathi esingamahora angu-72, kanye nokwazisa izinhlangothi ezithintekile lapho ingozi yamalungelo nenkululeko yazo ibalulekile.
Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kube nokuhlaziywa kwe-forensic kwesigameko okwenziwa ochwepheshe ukuze kutholakale umsuka wokuhlaselwa, ubuthakathaka obusetshenziswe kabi, uhlobo lwedatha etholiwe, kanye nomthelela wangempela. Lo msebenzi awusebenzi nje njengobufakazi ezinqubweni zomthetho kodwa futhi uvumela ukuqinisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo.
Ngaphezu kokulandela izindlela zokuphatha kanye nezokusebenzisana nabasebenzi, kubalulekile ukufaka umbiko ezikhungweni zomthetho ezifanele , unikeze lonke ulwazi lobuchwepheshe olutholakalayo. Ukuhlaselwa okuningi kuyingxenye yemikhankaso ebanzi, futhi ukubambisana nezinye izisulu kanye neziphathimandla kusiza ekuqedeni amanethiwekhi obugebengu.
Vikela ukuphathwa kwephasiwedi ezingeni lomuntu siqu nelebhizinisi
Ukuphepha kwama-akhawunti amaningi kuncike ochungechungeni lwamaphasiwedi , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi aphethwe kahle noma cha . Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imikhuba emihle yakamuva, ngokusekelwe ezincomweni zesimanje ezifana nalezo ezivela ku-NIST noma amanyuvesi nezinhlangano ezikhethekile.
Ngokuvamile, kunconywa ukuthi amaphasiwedi abe nobude obuyizinhlamvu ezingu-8 kuma-akhawunti ajwayelekile , kanye nezinhlamvu ezingu-12-15 noma ngaphezulu kuma-akhawunti abucayi noma okuphatha. Ubude buyisici esibalulekile ekuqineni kokuphepha, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa amagama okungena okulula ukuwakhumbula kodwa okunzima ukuwaqagela.
Akusenangqondo ukubeka imithetho eqinile ngendlela engenangqondo "yohlamvu olulodwa olukhulu, inombolo eyodwa, kanye nophawu olulodwa" uma lokhu kuholela ekutheni wonke umuntu aphinde iphethini efanayo. Kungcono ukuvumela amaphasiwedi amade, anohlamvu oluphrintekayo (kufaka phakathi izikhala nezimpawu), bese uvimba lawo aziwayo ukuthi aphucwe ekuphulweni kwemithetho kwangaphambilini.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukugwema ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi kabusha kuzo zonke izinsizakalo ezahlukene . Uma iphasiwedi yakho yezokuxhumana ivela ohlwini oluvuvukile, umhlaseli uzozama leyo nhlanganisela efanayo ku-imeyili yakho, ebhange eliku-inthanethi, isitoreji samafu, nanoma iyiphi enye ipulatifomu ethandwayo. Iphutha elilodwa lingaholela ekuyekethiseni okwengeziwe.
Njengoba ukukhumbula amaphasiwedi amaningi aqinile ahlukene kungenzeki kulezi zinsuku, ithuluzi eliwusizo neliphephile kakhulu umphathi wephasiwedi . Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zigcina iziqinisekiso zakho kudathabheyisi ebethelwe, evikelwe yiphasiwedi eyodwa eyinhloko (futhi okungcono nge-MFA). Zikuvumela futhi ukuthi ukhiqize ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphasiwedi aqinile kakhulu ngaphandle kokuwakhumbula.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi: umgoqo owengeziwe owenza umehluko
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi (i-MFA) kunezela ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuphepha kumaphasiwedi ngokudinga okungaphezu nje kokuthi "lokho okwaziyo." Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa isici solwazi (ukhiye), isici sokuba ne-possession (idivayisi yeselula, ithokheni, ukhiye ongokoqobo), futhi, kwezinye izimo, isici esingokwemvelo (iminwe, ubuso, izwi).
Le ndlela isho ukuthi noma umhlaseli ethola iphasiwedi yakho ngandlela thile, usashoda leso sinyathelo sesibili sokuqedela ukufinyelela. Yingakho izinhlangano eziningi zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi zithi ukuvumela i-MFA kumasevisi abalulekile kungavimbela iningi lama-hacks e-akhawunti ngokusekelwe ekwebiweni kweziqinisekiso noma ukuvuza.
Ezingeni lebhizinisi, kunengqondo ukubeka phambili ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kokufinyelela kokuphatha, i-imeyili yenkampani, ama-VPN, amathuluzi okuphatha, kanye nezinhlelo ezisingatha idatha ebucayi . Uma isimisiwe kulezi zimo, ingadluliselwa kwabanye abasebenzisi.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izici ezimelana kakhulu ne-phishing , njengezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugunyaza, izaziso zokucindezela eziqinisekisiwe, noma okhiye bokuphepha abangokoqobo, ukugwema imiyalezo ye-SMS ngangokunokwenzeka, okungaba ngaphansi kokukhwabanisa njengokushintshana kwe-SIM.
Ukuze konke lokhu kusebenze, udinga ukuchaza izinqubomgomo zokubuyisa i-akhawunti ezicacile , izinqubo zokushintsha amadivayisi noma ukufaka esikhundleni sesici sesibili esilahlekile, futhi uqaphe imizamo yokuqinisekisa ehlulekile ukuthola amaphethini asolisayo.
Izinqubomgomo zokulahla kanye nokwelashwa kwemishini engasasebenzi
Njalo lapho inkampani ithuthukisa amakhompyutha ayo, omakhalekhukhwini, noma amaseva, ibhekene nengozi ethule: ulwazi olushiywe kumadivayisi amadala . Uma lungaphathwa kahle, le mishini ingaba yimayini yegolide kunoma ubani oyitholayo noma oyitholayo.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusungula inqubomgomo yangaphakathi yokuphathwa nokulahla idatha ehlanganisa uhlu lwakamuva lwemishini, izinqubo ezithile ngokohlobo lwedivayisi, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ecacile mayelana nokuthi ubani onquma ukuthi kwenziwani ngayo ngayinye.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ayitholakali, izindlela zokubhubhisa eziphephile ziyadingeka . Lokhu kungasukela ekusulweni okunengqondo kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ebhala ngaphezulu ulwazi izikhathi eziningi, kuya ekubhujisweni okungokoqobo kwamadiski kanye nemidiya yokugcina lapho izinga lokuzwela lidinga lokho.
Uma kwenzeka ama-laptop, omakhalekhukhwini kanye namathebulethi asetshenziswa emsebenzini wokuxhumana noma umsebenzi oxubile, kubalulekile ukuba nezixazululo zokuphathwa kwamadivayisi (i-MDM) ezivumela ukususwa kolwazi lwenkampani kude uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa, ukwebiwa noma ukuxoshwa kwabasebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke le mikhuba kumele ihambisane nezibopho zomthetho zokuvikela idatha ezisebenza ezweni ngalinye noma emkhakheni, ukuze inhlangano ikwazi ukubonisa ukucophelela okufanele uma kwenzeka ukuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa.
Okokugcina, kuyalulekwa ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zokususa nokubhubhisa zenziwa kahle, ukuhlonza ubuthakathaka, nokulungisa izinqubomgomo njengoba ubuchwepheshe nezingozi zishintsha.
Ukuqeqeshwa kweCybersecurity namasiko: indima yesici somuntu
Ingxenye enkulu yokwephulwa kwezokuphepha ivela, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, emaphutheni abantu . Lokhu akukhona ukusola umsebenzisi, kodwa kunalokho ukuvuma ukuthi ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa kwezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi kanye nesiko eliqinile lezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, noma iyiphi inhlangano isengozini.
Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kumele zidlulele ngale kwesifundo esivamile esiqhutshwa kanye kuphela futhi zibe inqubo eqhubekayo . Kubalulekile ukuthi amaqembu afunde ukuhlonza izimpawu zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, aphathe amaphasiwedi awo ngempumelelo, aphequlule ngokuphephile, futhi aqonde izinqubomgomo zokusebenzisa amadivayisi omuntu siqu nawenkampani.
Ukulingisa njalo ukuhlaselwa , ikakhulukazi imikhankaso yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, kuyithuluzi eliphumelela kakhulu lokuhlola lokho okufundiwe nokuhlonza ubuthakathaka. Isihluthulelo ukuhambisana nalezi zivivinyo ngempendulo eyakhayo, hhayi isijeziso.
Abaphathi abaphezulu kumele bahileleke futhi bahole ngesibonelo , banamathele ezindinganisweni ezifanayo ezidingekayo kubo bonke abanye, basekele izinhlelo zokuphepha, futhi bazinike ukubonakala. Uma labo abaphethe bengayinaki izinqubo, umyalezo oyimfihlo uwukuthi ukuphepha akubalulekile kangako.
Ukudala indawo lapho noma ubani angabika khona izehlakalo noma izinsolo ngaphandle kokwesaba kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, umehluko phakathi kokwethusa nenhlekelele ulele kothile obika i-imeyili engavamile, iwebhusayithi engavamile, noma ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwekhompyutha ngesikhathi.
Ngezinyathelo zobuchwepheshe ezifanele, imikhuba yedijithali ethembekile, kanye nesiko elibeka ukuphepha njengento eza kuqala, kungenzeka ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokwebiwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu futhi kwenze abasebenzisi nezinkampani bangabi sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi okwenzeka nsuku zonke.
