- Isofthiwe yamahhala ivumela ukusetshenziswa okungavinjelwe, ukutadisha, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokwenza ngcono, ukukhuthaza inkululeko yabasebenzisi bayo.
- Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi nabathuthukisi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi futhi kukhuthaze ukuqamba okusha ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware.
- Izinzuzo zesofthiwe yamahhala zifaka phakathi izindleko zayo eziyiziro, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokukhanyela ekufinyeleleni ikhodi yomthombo.
- Isofthiwe yamahhala iyahambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, enikeza ukuguquguquka kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko emabhizinisini.
Isofthiwe yamahhala ithole ukuthandwa eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yezici zayo eziyingqayizivele ezikhuthaza inkululeko nokubambisana. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici zesofthiwe yamahhala nokuthi zikhuthaza kanjani inkululeko yokusebenzisa, ukutadisha, ukusabalalisa nokuthuthukisa isofthiwe. Sizophinde sixoxe ngokuthi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi besofthiwe yamahhala nabathuthukisi kuholele kanjani entuthukweni ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe. Uma unentshisekelo yokufunda okwengeziwe ngesoftware yamahhala nokuthi iwuzuzisa kanjani umphakathi wonkana, qhubeka funda!
Yini isoftware yamahhala?
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ezicini zesoftware yamahhala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini “isoftware yamahhala.” Isofthiwe yamahhala ibhekisela ezinhlelweni zekhompuyutha ezingasetshenziswa ngokukhululekile, zifundwe, zilungiswe futhi zisatshalaliswe. Ngokungafani nesofthiwe yobunikazi, isofthiwe yamahhala inikeza abasebenzisi inkululeko yokulawula nokuvumelanisa isofthiwe nezidingo zabo.
Izici zesoftware yamahhala
Inkululeko yokusebenzisa
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zesofthiwe yamahhala yinkululeko yokusebenzisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ubani angasebenzisa isofthiwe yamahhala nganoma iyiphi injongo, ngaphandle kwemingcele. Akukho mingcele enanini labasebenzisi noma amadivayisi lapho isofthiwe yamahhala ingafakwa khona. Le nkululeko inikeza abasebenzisi ukuguquguquka kokuvumelanisa isofthiwe nezidingo zabo ngabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici sisekelwa yizinzuzo nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zesofthiwe yamahhala njengoba izinhlelo zayo ezimweni ezahlukene zihlolwa.
Inkululeko yokufunda
Isofthiwe yamahhala iphinde inikeze inkululeko yokufunda. Abasebenzisi banelungelo lokufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo yesofthiwe futhi bafunde ukuthi isebenza kanjani. Lokhu kuvumela ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kokuthi isofthiwe yaklanywa kanjani, okungaba wusizo kulabo abafuna ukufunda ngokuhlela noma ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo obuchwepheshe. Inkululeko yokufunda ikhuthaza ukufunda nokucaca ezweni lesofthiwe. Ukuqonda lezi zici kubalulekile ekusebenziseni kahle amathuluzi okufundisa atholakalayo.
Inkululeko yokusabalalisa
Esinye isici esibalulekile sesofthiwe yamahhala yinkululeko yokusabalalisa. Abasebenzisi banekhono lokwabelana ngamakhophi esofthiwe yamahhala nabanye, kungaba mahhala noma ngemali ethile. Lokhu kuvumela isofthiwe ukuthi ifinyelele izilaleli eziningi, okube sekukhuthaza ukubambisana kanye nokushintshana ngemibono. Inkululeko yokusabalalisa ibalulekile ekusabalalisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwesofthiwe yamahhala. Lokhu kusebenzisana kufana nalokho okubonwa kusofthiwe yohlelo lokusebenza ekhuthaza ukusebenza ngokubambisana.
Inkululeko yokuthuthukisa
Inkululeko yokuthuthukisa iyisici esichaza isofthiwe yamahhala. Abasebenzisi banelungelo lokushintsha nokuthuthukisa isofthiwe yamahhala ngokwezidingo zabo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isofthiwe yamahhala ingathuthuka ngokubambisana, njengoba noma ubani engafaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwekhodi yomthombo. Inkululeko yokuthuthukisa ikhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha futhi ivumela isofthiwe ukuthi izivumelanise ngokushesha nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kucatshangelwa izinqubo zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi nabathuthukisi
Enye yezinto ezishukumisa impumelelo yesofthiwe yamahhala ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi nabathuthukisi. Abasebenzisi besofthiwe yamahhala banekhono lokubika amaphutha, baphakamise ukuthuthukiswa, futhi banikele ikhodi kuphrojekthi. Lokhu kubambisana okusebenzayo kusiza ukuhlonza nokulungisa izinkinga ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yesofthiwe. Umphakathi wesofthiwe yamahhala waziwa ngomoya wawo wokubambisana nokubambisana, okuholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwesofthiwe. Lokhu kuguquguquka kufana nalokho okwenzekayo emkhakheni wesofthiwe yezemfundo , lapho yonke iminikelo ibalulekile.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zesofthiwe yamahhala?
Isofthiwe yamahhala inezinzuzo eziningi eziyenza ikhange kubo bobabili abasebenzisi ngabanye nezinhlangano. Ezinye zezinzuzo eziyinhloko zesofthiwe yamahhala zihlanganisa:
- Izindleko: Isofthiwe yamahhala isatshalaliswa mahhala, okwenza kube inketho ethengekayo kulabo abafuna ukunciphisa izindleko kubhajethi yabo yesofthiwe.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo: Inkululeko yokuguqula nokuvumelanisa isofthiwe yamahhala ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bayenze ngendlela oyifisayo ngezidingo zabo kanye nezidingo zabo ezithile.
- Ukuphawula: Ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo yesofthiwe yamahhala kunikeza ukucaca kanye nekhono lokuhlola isofthiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nobumfihlo.
- Umphakathi: Umphakathi wama-software wamahhala uyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile lapho abasebenzisi bengathola khona ukwesekwa, babelane ngolwazi futhi bahlanganyele kumaphrojekthi ahlanganyelwe.
- Innovation: Imvelo yokuhlanganyela yesofthiwe yamahhala ikhuthaza ukuqamba okusha ngokuvumela noma ubani ukuthi anikele ngemibono kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Kumabhizinisi, lokhu kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma kucutshungulwa isofthiwe yokuphatha edinga ukulungiswa okuthile.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
1. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesofthiwe yamahhala nesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile?
Isofthiwe yamahhala kanye nesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile yimigomo evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kodwa kukhona umehluko omncane phakathi kwawo. Ngenkathi isofthiwe yamahhala igxile enkululekweni namalungelo abasebenzisi, isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile igxila kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwekhodi yomthombo. Ngokuvamile, isofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile ivumela ukufinyelela ikhodi yomthombo, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ngempela inkululeko efanayo yokusebenzisa, yokufunda, yokusabalalisa, kanye nentuthuko enikezwa yisofthiwe yamahhala. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalokhu, ungabheka amalayisense esofthiwe achaza lo mehluko.
2. Isiphi isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu sesoftware yamahhala?
Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu zesofthiwe yamahhala uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-GNU/Linux. I-GNU/Linux uhlelo lokusebenza oluvulekile olunikeza ububanzi bokusatshalaliswa, njenge-Ubuntu, i-Fedora , ne-Debian, phakathi kwezinye. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kuthuthukiswa yimiphakathi yesofthiwe yamahhala futhi kunikeza isethi yezinhlelo namathuluzi wamahhala abasebenzisi abangawasebenzisa mahhala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izici zalokhu kusatshalaliswa ziyahlukahluka, ngakho ukuqonda izidingo nezici ze-Ubuntu kungaba usizo kubasebenzisi abasha.
3. Ngingafaka kanjani isandla ku-software yamahhala?
Kunezindlela eziningana onganikela ngazo kusofthiwe yamahhala. Ungabika amaphutha (aziwa nangokuthi "amaphutha") kubathuthukisi, unikeze impendulo kusofthiwe, usize ngamadokhumenti, uhumushe isofthiwe kwezinye izilimi, ubhale futhi uthuthukise ikhodi yomthombo, futhi ubambisane nabanye abasebenzisi emphakathini wesofthiwe yamahhala. Ngisho noma ungeyena umhleli wezinhlelo onolwazi, kunezindlela eziningi zokubamba iqhaza nokufaka isandla kusofthiwe yamahhala. Uma unesifiso sokufaka isandla endaweni ethile, ngincoma ukuthi ubheke ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani ilayisensi efanele yephrojekthi yakho.
4. Ingabe isofthiwe yamahhala iyahambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso?
Yebo, isofthiwe yamahhala iyahambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano. Izinkampani eziningi zisebenzisa isofthiwe yamahhala emisebenzini yazo yansuku zonke futhi zingazuza enkululekweni nasekuguquguqukeni ekunikezayo. Ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yamahhala, izinkampani zingavumelanisa isofthiwe nezidingo zazo ezithile, zinciphise izindleko, futhi zizuze ekubambisaneni nomphakathi wesofthiwe yamahhala. Lo mkhuba ubonakala ekusetshenzisweni kwesofthiwe yokukhokha , esetshenziswa yizinkampani eziningi ukuze zithuthukise izinsiza zazo.
5. Imaphi amalayisensi asetshenziswa kakhulu kwisoftware yamahhala?
Kusofthiwe yamahhala, kusetshenziswa amalayisense ambalwa, kodwa amanye avame kakhulu i-GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), i-GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), kanye ne-MIT License. Lawa malayisensi aqinisekisa inkululeko namalungelo abasebenzisi futhi asungula izimo lapho isofthiwe yamahhala ingasatshalaliswa futhi ilungiswe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukugwema izinkinga zomthetho.
6. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesofthiwe yamahhala nesofthiwe yamahhala?
Umehluko phakathi kwesofthiwe yamahhala ne-freeware usezinkhululekweni namalungelo anikezwa abasebenzisi. I-Freeware ibhekisela ezinhlelweni ezingadingi inkokhelo, kodwa ayiqinisekisi ngempela inkululeko namalungelo afanayo nesofthiwe yamahhala. Isofthiwe yamahhala, ngaphezu kokuba mahhala, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise, batadishe, bashintshe, futhi basabalalise isofthiwe ngokwezidingo zabo. Ngakho-ke, kuyasiza ukuhlola izinhlelo zokusebenza zeseva yamahhala ezihlangabezana nalezi zidingo.
Isiphetho
Isofthiwe yamahhala ingenye enamandla kunesofthiwe yokuphathelene, enikeza abasebenzisi inkululeko nokuguquguquka. Izici zayo, njengenkululeko yokusebenzisa, ukutadisha, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokwenza ngcono, zikhuthaza indawo yokusebenzelana futhi zikhuthaze ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Ngokubambisana phakathi kwabasebenzisi nabathuthukisi, isofthiwe yamahhala ibonise ikhono layo lokudala izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukile ezizuzisa umphakathi wonkana. Uma ungathanda ukuthola okuningi ngesofthiwe yamahhala, hlola izinketho ezahlukene ezitholakalayo futhi ujoyine umphakathi wesofthiwe yamahhala!