- I-Android iyi-ecosystem yeselula esekelwe ku-kernel ye-Linux kanye nekhodi yomthombo ovulekile, okuvumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi.
- Ukwakhiwa kwayo kusekelwe endaweni yokusebenza ye-ART kanye nohlaka lwe-Java, okwenza kube lula ukudalwa kwezigidi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakala ezitolo ezahlukene.
- Nakuba ivelele ngokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nenkululeko yayo, ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nokuqhekeka kwesofthiwe kanye nobuthakathaka bokuphepha obuhambisana nobuntu bayo obuvulekile.
Uma sikhuluma ngamaselula, cishe akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa eye-Android. Lolu hlelo, oluye lwaba yiphrojekthi enkulu lwaya ekubuseni imakethe yomhlaba wonke, empeleni luyingqondo yezigidi zamadivayisi esiwaphethe emaphaketheni ethu. Akukhona nje ukuthi luyi-interface enhle, kodwa luyipulatifomu eqinile evumela konke kusukela ku-smartwatch kuya ohlelweni lokusebenza lwemoto ukuthi kusebenze ngaphansi komqondo ofanayo.
Okwenza i-Android ibe ekhethekile kangaka ukuthi ayiyona isistimu evaliwe. Njengoba isekelwe ku -Linux kernel kanye nesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile , ivumele abakhiqizi emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bayihlele futhi bayivumelanise nothando lwabo. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ifoni ye-Samsung izizwa ihlukile kunefoni ye-Xiaomi, yize zombili zisebenzisa isistimu yokusebenza efanayo.
Imishini yangaphakathi: Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Nezingxenye
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-Android isebenza kanjani, kufanele ubheke ngaphansi kwe-hood. Konke kuqala nge- Linux kernel , ephatha imisebenzi enzima kakhulu, njengokuphatha imemori, ukuphepha, kanye nabashayeli behadiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona i-Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), esebenza njengomhumushi ukuze uhlelo lukwazi ukuxhumana nezingxenye zomzimba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, kube noshintsho olukhulu. Ngaphambilini, kwakusetshenziswa umshini we-Dalvik virtual, kodwa kusukela kunguqulo 5.0, i- Android Runtime (ART) isetshenzisiwe . Umehluko ukuthi i-ART ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okuholela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwedivayisi okubushelelezi kakhulu, ukusebenza okulungiselelwe , kanye nokusetshenziswa kwebhethri okuncishisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luthembele kuhlaka lohlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-Java ne-Kotlin, okuvumela abathuthukisi ukuthi basebenzise ama-API ajwayelekile ukufinyelela ikhamera noma i-GPS.
Ngobuchwepheshe, uhlelo luyisilo. Lwakhiwe yizigidi zemigqa yekhodi ebhalwe ngo -C, C++, Java, kanye ne-XML . Ukuze igcine idatha endaweni, isebenzisa i-SQLite, isizindalwazi esilula esisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukuthi oxhumana nabo kanye nezilungiselelo zakho zigcinwa ngaphandle kokunciphisa ijubane lekhompyutha yakho.
Izinzuzo: Inkululeko Nokuguquguquka
Uma kukhona into eyodwa ekhathaza abasebenzisi bezinhlelo ezivaliwe, ukuntuleka kokulawula, futhi yilapho i-Android ikhanya khona. Izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ziyamangalisa; ungashintsha konke kusukela kusiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza (njenge-Nova Launcher) kuya ekufakeni ama-ROM ahlukile njenge-LineageOS noma i-GrapheneOS uma ufuna ukususa ubukhona be-Google.
- Ukwehlukahlukana kwehadiwe: Kukhona omakhalekhukhwini abazosebenzisa yonke imali, kusukela kumamodeli asezingeni eliphansi kuya kwanamandla kakhulu aphezulu.
- Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwemvelo: I-Google Play Store inkulu kakhulu, yize ungafaka namafayela e-APK lapho. Ezinye izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ze-Google Play Store noma sebenzisa izitolo ezifana ne-F-Droid ukuthola isofthiwe yamahhala.
- Ukuvumelanisa okugcwele: Ukuhlanganisa ne izinsiza ze-google I-Gmail, iDrayivu, kanye neKhalenda kwenza konke kuhambe kahle phakathi kwamadivayisi akho.
- Ukwenza izinto eziningi kwangempela: I-Android ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, uthuthukise inkumbulo ukuze ungadingi ukuvala yonke into njalo uma ushintsha imisebenzi.
Olunye uhlangothi lwemali: Ububi Nezingozi
Akusikho konke ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nothingo. Njengoba kuyisistimu evulekile kangaka, i-Android ihlushwa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlukana . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngenkathi i-Google ikhipha inguqulo entsha, abakhiqizi bathatha izinyanga (noma iminyaka) ukuyivumelanisa namadivayisi abo, okushiya abasebenzisi abaningi benezinguqulo ezindala kanye nobuthakathaka bokuphepha obungalungiswanga.
Obunye ubuthakathaka ubuthakathaka. Ngokuvumela ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela ngaphandle kwesitolo esisemthethweni, kulula kubasebenzisi abangaqaphile ukufaka i-malware noma i-Trojans . Ngakho-ke, ukuba nesofthiwe ye-antivirus nokukhetha ngama-APK kubalulekile ukuvikela ubumfihlo bakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokusebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi, nakuba luwusizo, lungaba usizo uma amathuluzi okwenza ngcono ibhethri engasetshenziswa ku-Android.
Ubumfihlo buyindaba eshisayo. Abagxeki abaningi bakhomba ukuthi i-Android iyithuluzi lokuqoqwa kwedatha le-Google. Nakuba kunezinketho zokunciphisa lokhu, izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukuphakamisa ukudluliselwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu enkampanini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhangisa nezinsizakalo.
Ukuvela Kwesistimu kanye Nezinguqulo
I-Android ibilokhu inohambo oluyinqaba. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, izinguqulo ziqanjwe ngama-dessert ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama, njenge-Cupcake, i-Jelly Bean, noma i-Oreo. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ku-Android 10, i-Google yanquma ukushintshela esimisweni sokuqamba amagama ngezinombolo ukuze kube lula izinto, yize ngaphakathi beqhubeka nokusebenzisa amagama amnandi njenge-Baklava noma i-Cinnamon Bun.
Namuhla, uhlelo selunwebe ngale kwamafoni. Sine -Wear OS yamawashi, i-Android TV yamathelevishini, kanye ne-Android Auto yezimoto. Lokhu kwanda kubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-Google kuyaguquguquka ngokwanele ukwenza ngcono i-Android Auto ohambweni olude futhi kuvumelane nanoma yisiphi isikrini nenzwa.
Indlela eya kwisofthiwe yamahhala
Kulabo abafuna ukulawula okuphelele, kunezinhlelo ezifana ne-/e/OS noma umkhankaso we-FSFE wokukhulula i-Android. Umgomo uwukususa izingxenye eziyimfihlo ze-Google bese uzishintsha ngezinketho zomthombo ovulekile . Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ubumfihlo kodwa futhi kuvimbela abakhiqizi ekunqumeni ukuthi ifoni yakho izophelelwa yisikhathi nini ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisikhathi okuhleliwe.
Le ndlela yokusebenza yeselula ihlala ingumholi ongaphikiswana ngaye ngoba ihlanganisa amandla obuchwepheshe e-Linux nokuguquguquka okuvumela noma ubani, kusukela kumsebenzisi osafufusa kuya kumhleli wezinhlelo ochwepheshe, ukuthi ahlele idivayisi ngokwezidingo zakhe, alinganisele ukusebenziseka kalula kwezinsizakalo zamafu nekhono lokugcina ubukhosi phezu kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
