- Ukuhlanganisa kuguqula ikhodi yomthombo ibe ikhodi yomshini osebenzisekayo.
- Umdidiyeli wenza ukuhlaziya kwe-lexical, syntactic kanye nesemantic.
- Kukhona i-AOT, i-JIT, ama-cross compilers nama-transpilers.
- Ikhodi ehlanganisiwe ishesha kunekhodi ehunyushiwe.
Uma uke wangena ezweni lokuhlela, cishe uke wezwa igama elithi " compile ." Lo mqondo uyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, njengoba uchaza inqubo lapho ikhodi yomthombo ebhalwe ngolimi lokuhlela iguqulwa ibe yifomethi ikhompyutha engayenza isebenze.
Ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuhlanganisa nokuthi umdidiyeli usebenza kanjani kubalulekile kunoma yimuphi umhleli ofuna ukuthuthukisa ikhodi yakhe futhi aqonde kangcono ukuthi izilimi zokuhlela zisebenza kanjani. Ngezansi sichaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi le nqubo ihlanganisani, izinhlobo zabahlanganisi ezikhona, kanye nomehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwekhodi ehlanganisiwe netolikwa.
Yini ukuhlanganiswa?
Ukuhlanganisa kuyinqubo yokuhumusha ikhodi yomthombo kusuka olimini olusezingeni eliphezulu (njenge-C++, i-Java, noma i-Rust) ibe ikhodi enama-binary noma ikhodi yomshini, okuyinto iprosesa yekhompyutha engayenza ngqo.
Ikhodi yomthombo ibhalwe ngolimi abantu abangalufunda futhi baluqonde, kodwa amakhompyutha angachaza ikhodi ye-binary kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo oluthile olubizwa ngokuthi i-compiler luyadingeka ukuguqula ikhodi yomthombo ibe ikhodi esebenzisekayo. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko, ungabheka umhlahlandlela wethu ngemibono nomehluko phakathi kwabahlanganisi nabahumushi.
Iyini i-compiler futhi isebenza kanjani?
I -compiler uhlelo olukhethekile ekuguquleni ikhodi yomthombo ibe ikhodi yezinto noma ikhodi esebenzisekayo. Le nqubo yokuguqula inezigaba eziningana:
1. Ukucubungula kusengaphambili
Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, ikhodi yomthombo idlula esigabeni sokucutshungulwa ngaphambili lapho ama-macros anwetshwa, amafayela adingekayo afakiwe, futhi ezinye izinguquko zenziwa ngaphambi kokukhiqiza ikhodi ehlanganiswe ngempela.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-lexical
Umhlanganisi uskena ikhodi yomthombo bese eyihlukanisa ibe amathokheni , okuyizinto ezincane kakhulu ezisho ulimi lokuhlela, njengegama elingukhiye, izihlonzi, kanye nama-opharetha.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-syntactic
Kulesi sigaba, ukwakheka kwekhodi kuyaqinisekiswa ukuthi ilungile ngokuya ngohlelo lolimi lohlelo. Uma kukhona amaphutha e-syntax, umdidiyeli uzowathola futhi atshele umhleli ukuthi akuphi ukuze alungiswe.
4. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-semantic
Umhlanganisi uhlola ukuthi imisebenzi kanye nezinkulumo ezikukhodi zinengqondo yini. Uqinisekisa ukuthi iziguquguquko kanye nemisebenzi kuchazwe kahle nokuthi imisebenzi esebenzayo iyenziwa. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhodi yakho ihlanganiswa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
5. Ukukhiqizwa kwekhodi okuphakathi
Ngemva kokuqinisekisa i-syntax kanye ne-semantics yekhodi, i-compiler ikhiqiza ikhodi ephakathi , isethulo esilula esingalungiswa ngaphambi kokuhumusha kokugcina kube ikhodi yomshini.
6. Ukwenza ikhodi ngokugcwele
Kulesi sigaba, umqoqi uthuthukisa ikhodi ekhiqiziwe ukuze ayenze isebenze kahle futhi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwememori nesikhathi sokucubungula.
7. Ukukhiqiza ikhodi yomshini
Okokugcina, ikhodi ephakathi iguqulwa ibe yimiyalelo yekhodi yomshini eqondene nokwakhiwa kweprosesa yekhompyutha. Le ngxenye yenqubo ibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luzosebenza kahle kwihadiwe.
8. Ukuxhumanisa
Ikhodi yezinto ekhiqiziwe ihlanganiswe namalayibrari kanye namanye amamojula adingekayo ukukhiqiza ifayela lokugcina elisebenzisekayo. Indlela lawa malayibrari aphathwa ngayo iyathakazelisa, futhi kulokhu, i-compiler ekhethekile ingaba usizo, njengaleyo ongayithola esigabeni sethu sama- compiler olimi lwe-C.
Izinhlobo zabadidiyeli
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabahlanganisi ngokuya ngokusebenza kwazo nenjongo:
- Abahlanganisi be-AOT (Ahead-Of-Time).: Bahlanganisa yonke ikhodi ngaphambi kokuyenza. Izibonelo: GCC, Clang.
- Abahlanganisi be-JIT (Just-In-Time).: Bahlanganisa ikhodi ngesikhathi sokwenza ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza. Izibonelo: I-JVM ye-Java, i-V8 ye-JavaScript. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kwalolu hlobo, siphakamisa umhlahlandlela wethu kokuthi Abahlanganisi be-Just-In-Time.
- Abahlanganisi besiphambano: Bakhiqiza ikhodi esebenzisekayo yesikhulumi ngaphandle kwaleyo abayisebenzisayo. Uma unentshisekelo, ungafunda mayelana Abahlanganisi besiphambano ngokuningiliziwe.
- Ama-Transpilers: Baguqula ikhodi isuke kolunye ulimi lwezinga eliphezulu iye kolunye, njenge-TypeScript iye ku-JavaScript.
Ikhodi ehlanganisiwe iqhathaniswa nekhodi ehunyushiwe
Omunye wemehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kohlelo ukuthi ikhodi ihlanganisiwe noma ihunyushwe :
- Ikhodi ehlanganisiwe: Ihunyushwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokusebenza futhi ngokuvamile iyashesha. Isibonelo: C, C++.
- Ikhodi ehunyushiwe: Kuhunyushwe umugqa ngomugqa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kusiza ukuphatheka kodwa kunciphisa ukusebenza. Isibonelo: I-Python, i-JavaScript.
Isibonelo esisebenzayo sokuhlanganisa
Ake sithi ubhala uhlelo ngo-C:
#faka int main() {printf("Sawubona, mhlaba!\n"); buyisela 0; }
Ukuze uhlanganise le khodi ne-GCC kutheminali, uzosebenzisa:
gcc program.c -o uhlelo
Kuso sonke isiqephu sendatshana sihlole inqubo yokuhlanganisa ngokujula, kusukela encazelweni yayo kuya ekubalulekeni kwayo ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware. Nakuba izilimi ezihunyushwayo zinikeza ukuguquguquka, izilimi ezihlanganisiwe ziphawuleka ngokusebenza kahle kwazo. Ukuqonda indlela umdidiyeli osebenza ngayo kanye nezigaba zenqubo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ethu njengabahleli bohlelo.
