- Abahlanganisi bahumusha yonke ikhodi yomthombo kukhodi esebenzisekayo ngaphambi kokwenza.
- Otolika bafunda futhi basebenzise umugqa wekhodi ngomugqa ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Izihlanganisi ngokuvamile zinikeza ukusebenza okungcono, kuyilapho otolika behlinzeka ngokuguquguquka.
- Zombili zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware futhi imisebenzi yazo iyahlukahluka kuye ngolimi olusetshenzisiwe.
Bayini abadidiyeli nabatolika?
Incazelo yabadidiyeli nabatolika
Ukuze uqonde imiqondo nomehluko phakathi kwabadidiyeli nabatolika, kubalulekile ukucaca ngencazelo yabo. Ake sibone ukuthi ngamunye wabo uyini:
Abaqambi
I-compiler uhlelo lwekhompyutha oluhumusha ikhodi yomthombo ebhalwe ngolimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphezulu ibe ulimi lokuhlela olusezingeni eliphansi, noma ikhodi yomshini. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuthatha ikhodi yomthombo ephelele bese ukhiqiza uhlelo olusebenzisekayo, olwaziwa nangokuthi ikhodi yezinto.
Abahumushi
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umhumushi wuhlelo olufunda umugqa wekhodi yomthombo ngomugqa futhi luhumushe futhi lulenze ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokungafani nabadidiyeli, otolika abakhi uhlelo olusebenzisekayo oluhlukile, kodwa kunalokho bahumusha futhi basebenzise ikhodi ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabadidiyeli nabatolika
Manje njengoba sesinombono ojwayelekile wokuthi bayini abadidiyeli nabatolika, ake sihlole umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo.
Inqubo yokuhumusha
Isici esibalulekile esihlukanisa abahlanganisi kubatoliki inqubo yokuhumusha. Ngenkathi abahlanganisi behumusha yonke ikhodi yomthombo ngesinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kokwenza, otolika bahumusha futhi basebenzise ikhodi ngomugqa ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ikhiqiza ikhodi esebenzisekayo
Omunye umehluko obalulekile usekukhiqizweni kwekhodi esebenzisekayo. Abahlanganisi bakhiqiza ifayela elisebenzisekayo elizimele lodwa elingase lisetshenziswe ngokuqondile emshinini oqondiwe, kuyilapho otolika bengakhiqizi ifayela elisebenzisekayo elihlukile.
ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle
Ngokusebenza nokusebenza kahle, izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zivame ukushesha, njengoba ikhodi ihunyushwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokwenziwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo ezihunyushiwe zingase zihambe kancane ngenxa yenqubo yokuhumusha ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukuvumelana nezimo nokuphatheka
Otolika banikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokuphatheka, njengoba bevumela ikhodi yomthombo ukuthi isetshenziswe ezinkundleni ezihlukene ngaphandle kokuyihlanganisa kabusha. Abadidiyeli, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakhiqiza ikhodi eqondene nendawo ethile futhi badinga ukuphinda kuhlanganiswe ukuze basebenze kumasistimu ahlukene.
Ukulungisa iphutha nokuthuthukiswa okusebenzisanayo
Inzuzo eyodwa yabahumushi yikhono labo lokuhlinzeka ngokuthuthukiswa okusebenzisanayo kanye nendawo yokulungisa iphutha. Ngokusebenzisa umugqa wekhodi ngomugqa, onjiniyela bangahlola futhi balungise izinkinga ngesikhathi sangempela, benze inqubo yokuthuthukisa ibe lula.
Ithini indima yabadidiyeli nabatolika ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware?
Manje njengoba sesihlole umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwabahlanganisi nabahumushi, kubalulekile ukuqonda indima yabo ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe . Bobabili abahlanganisi nabahumushi badlala indima ebalulekile enkambisweni yokuhumusha nokusebenzisa ikhodi.
Abahlanganisi: Ukuguqula ikhodi yomthombo ibe ikhodi esebenzisekayo
Abahlanganisi banesibopho sokuhumusha ikhodi yomthombo ebhalwe ngezilimi zokuhlela ezisezingeni eliphezulu , njenge-C++, i-Java, noma i-Python, ibe ikhodi yomshini engenziwa ngqo kukhompyutha. Le nqubo yokuhumusha yenziwa ngezigaba eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwamagama, ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwemisho, ukuhlaziywa kwemisho, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwekhodi.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kwamagama, umdidiyeli uhlukanisa ikhodi yomthombo ibe amathokheni, okungamayunithi esichazamazwi anengqondo njengamagama angukhiye, izihlonzi, nezimpawu. Khona-ke, phakathi nokwehlukanisa, umhlanganisi uhlola ukwakheka nohlelo lolimi lwekhodi yomthombo ngokwemithetho yolimi lohlelo.
Uma ukuhlaziya kwe-syntactic sekuqediwe, umdidiyeli wenza ukuhlaziya kwe-semantic, lapho ehlola khona ikhodi yomthombo ukuthola ukuvumelana nencazelo. Lapha, ukuhlolwa kohlobo kuyenziwa futhi izinkomba eziguquguqukayo nemisebenzi ziyaxazululwa.
Ekugcineni, umhlanganisi ukhiqiza ikhodi yomshini, okuyikhodi esebenzisekayo eqondene nendawo okuhloswe ngayo. Le khodi yomshini ingenziwa ngokuqondile yikhompyutha ngaphandle kwesidingo sohlelo olwengeziwe. Ukuze uthole ukujula kwenqubo yokwakha, ungabheka.
Otolika: Ikhodi esebenzayo ngesikhathi sangempela
Ngokungafani nabahlanganisi, otolika bahumusha futhi basebenzise ikhodi yomthombo umugqa ngomugqa ngesikhathi sangempela. Inqubo yokuhumusha iqala ngokufunda ulayini wekhodi yomthombo, iwuhumushele emiyalweni esezingeni eliphansi, bese iyenza ngokushesha. Bese uya emgqeni olandelayo bese uphinda inqubo.
Leli khono lokwenza ikhodi ngesikhathi sangempela lenza otolika babe usizo ekuthuthukisweni okusebenzisanayo nasezindaweni zokubhala. Onjiniyela bangabhala ikhodi futhi babone imiphumela ngokushesha, benze ukuhlola nokususa iphutha kube lula.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
Ngezansi eminye imibuzo evamise ukubuzwa mayelana nabadidiyeli nabatolika:
1. Uyini umehluko phakathi komdidiyeli nomhumushi?
Abahlanganisi bahumusha yonke ikhodi yomthombo ngesinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kokwenza, kuyilapho otolika behumusha futhi basebenzise ikhodi yomugqa ngomugqa ngesikhathi sangempela.
2. Yikuphi okungcono, umdidiyeli noma umhumushi?
Ukukhetha phakathi komdidiyeli nomhumushi kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi. Izihlanganisi ngokuvamile ziyashesha futhi zisebenza kahle ngokwemibandela yokusebenza, kuyilapho otolika banikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nendawo yokuthuthukisa esebenzisanayo.
3. Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa umdidiyeli notolika ndawonye?
Yebo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa umdidiyeli nomhumushi ndawonye ezimeni ezithile. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa okuxubile, lapho ikhodi ihlanganiswa ibe ifayela lezinto bese ihunyushwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
4. Yiziphi izilimi zokuhlela ezisebenzisa abahlanganisi nabatolika?
Izilimi eziningi zokuhlela zingahlanganiswa noma zihunyushwe, kuye ngokuqaliswa. Ezinye izilimi, ezifana no-C no-C++, zivame ukuhlanganiswa, kanti ezinye, njenge-Python ne-JavaScript, zivame ukuhunyushwa.
5. Ithini inqubo yokuthuthukisa yomdidiyeli noma umhumushi?
Ukuthuthukiswa komdidiyeli noma umhumushi kuhilela izigaba ezimbalwa, njengokuhlaziya isichazamazwi, ukuhlaziya i-syntactic, ukuhlaziya i-semantic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwekhodi. Isigaba ngasinye sidinga ukuqonda okujulile kolimi lohlelo kanye nemigomo yokuhumusha ikhodi.
6. Uyini umthelela womdidiyeli notolika ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo?
Izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile zenza kangcono ngoba ikhodi ihunyushwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokwenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo ezihunyushiwe zingase zihambe kancane ngenxa yenqubo yokuhumusha ngesikhathi sangempela.
Isiphetho
Ngamafuphi, abadidiyeli nabahumushi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware. Abahlanganisi bahumusha ikhodi yomthombo ohlelweni olusebenzisekayo, kuyilapho otolika behumusha futhi basebenzise ikhodi ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngamunye unezinzuzo kanye nokubi, futhi ukukhetha phakathi kwabo kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zephrojekthi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikucacisile izinto futhi sikusize ukuthi uqonde kangcono inqubo yokuhumusha nokusebenzisa ikhodi ekuhleleni. Ukuze ujule kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwenziwa kanjani ngezilimi ezahlukene, ungavakashela lo mhlahlandlela wokuqala ngolimi lwe-C.