Ukulungiswa kwe-CPU cache kanye nokusebenza kahle ku-Windows

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Ukulungiswa kwe-CPU cache kungenye yalezo zihloko ezihlukanisa ikhodi "esebenza" kukhodi "endizayo." Uma siqonda ukuthi imemori ihlelwe kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi izikhathi zokufinyelela ezingeni ngalinye, nokuthi ihadiwe iziphatha kanjani, singafinyelela ukuthuthuka okukhulu kokusebenza ngaphandle kokushintsha imishini.

Okwamanje, inani elikhulu labasebenzisi beWindows libhekene nenkinga evamile: ama-PC abo ahamba kancane. Futhi ngokuvamile impande yenkinga ikhona lapho, ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwememori, i-cache, kanye ne-CPU uqobo. Ngokuhlanganiswa komklamo omuhle wezinga eliphansi (izakhiwo zedatha, amaphethini okufinyelela imemori) kanye nokulungiswa okusebenzayo ku-Windows (ukuhlanza, izibuyekezo, izindlela zamandla, njll.), intuthuko ephawulekayo ingafinyelelwa, kusukela ekukhuleni okuncane okungu-5% kuya ekukhuphukeni okungu-30-40% ezimweni ezithile.

Ukuhlelwa kwememori kanye nokubambezeleka: kungani imithetho ye-cache

Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale ukulungisa ikhodi noma ukumisa iWindows, kubalulekile ukuqonda into eyodwa: akuyona yonke imemori edalwe ilingana. Umehluko phakathi kokufinyelela ama-cache e-L1, L2, L3, i-RAM, noma idiski mkhulu kakhulu, futhi ukulungiswa okuningi kwe-cache kusekelwe, ngokoqobo, ekugwemeni ukufinyelela amazinga ahamba kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kuprosesa yesimanje, izikhathi zokufinyelela ezijwayelekile (uhlelo lobukhulu) zicishe zibe kanje: ukufinyelela ku- cache ye-L1 kuthatha cishe isigamu se-nanosecond, ukuhluleka kokubikezela kwegatsha kuthatha ama-nanosecond amaningana, i-L2 cishe ingama-7 ns, kuyilapho ukufinyelela imemori eyinhloko kungadlula ama-100 ns. Uma siphuma ngaphandle kwekhompyutha (inethiwekhi, i-SSD, i-hard drive yomshini), izinombolo ziyakhuphuka ziye emakhulwini ezinkulungwane noma ezigidini zama-nanosecond.

Lo mehluko omkhulu yiwona owenza ukuhlela idatha kahle, ukunciphisa ukungaphumeleli kwe-cache, kanye nokuklama amaphethini okufinyelela alandelanayo kubaluleke kakhulu. I-loop ehlala ku-cache ye-L1 izoshesha kakhulu kuneyo ehlala ifinyelela i-RAM noma i-SSD, noma ngabe yenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokunengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CPU cache ihlelwe ngamazinga amaningana: i-L1, encane kakhulu futhi esheshayo kakhulu; i-L2, enkulu futhi ehamba kancane; kanye ne-L3, enkulu nakakhulu futhi evame ukwabelwana phakathi kwama-cores. Umqondo uwukugcina idatha efinyelelwa kakhulu ("idatha" eshisayo) iseduze bese wehlisela okunye emazingeni ahamba kancane. Njengabathuthukisi, singasiza ekwenzeni lokhu kwenzeke ngokwemvelo ngokuklama okuhle kwesakhiwo sedatha kanye nokufinyelela okubikezelwayo.

Iyini i-cache futhi kungani ithinta ukusebenza kwayo?

I-cache, kunoma yimuphi umongo (i-CPU, idiski, iwebhu, njll.), iyisitoreji esisheshayo sedatha esetshenziswe muva nje . Esikhundleni sokufinyelela njalo umthombo ohamba kancane, sigcina ikhophi yalokho okungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphendula futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezinsizakusebenza eziyinhloko.

Ngokuvamile, i-caching isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukufinyelela nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Empeleni, ivumela uhlelo ukuthi lwenze umsebenzi omningi ngehadiwe efanayo: ukulinda okuncane, amabhlogo ambalwa, kanye nemigqa embalwa. Yingakho isetshenziswa kuma-CPU, kumadiski, ezipheqululini, ezinhlelweni ezisatshalaliswa, kanye nanoma iyiphi isofthiwe ephatha idatha ngokujulile.

I-PC evamile inezinhlobo eziningana ze-cache: i-disk cache (i-RAM egcina idatha kusuka ku-hard drive), i-web cache (izinsiza zesiphequluli esingaguquki), kanye ne -CPU cache (L1, L2, L3). Zonke zisebenza ngesimiso esifanayo esiyisisekelo: ukugcina lokho okungase kudingeke kamuva, ukugwema ukuphinda imisebenzi ehamba kancane.

Izinhlobo ze-cache: i-disk, i-web, kanye ne-CPU cache

Ngaphakathi kwesistimu yangempela, izindlela eziningana zokulondoloza idatha ziyahlangana, ngayinye ngezinga layo. Ukuziqonda kusiza kokubili ekuhleleni izinhlelo kangcono nasekuhloleni ukuthi kungani i-PC isebenza kabi kunalokho obekulindelwe.

Inqolobane yediski

I-disk cache iyindawo yememori (ngokuvamile i-RAM) lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lugcina khona idatha efundwe noma ebhalwe kudiski muva nje . Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lucela leyo datha futhi, uhlelo luqala ngokubheka i-cache: uma idatha ikhona, ukufinyelela kushesha kakhulu kunokuya kudiski, ikakhulukazi ngama-hard drive emishini.

Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokulayisha, inciphisa inani lemisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala ngokomzimba, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, yandisa impilo yediski . Ezimweni ezinokufinyelela okuphindaphindiwe kumafayela afanayo (izizindalwazi, amaseva, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa izinsiza eziningi), ukugcinwa kwe-disk caching kwenza umehluko omkhulu.

Inqolobane yewebhu

Kusiphequluli sakho, i-web cache igcina okwesikhashana izithombe, amashidi esitayela, i-JavaScript, nezinye izinsiza. Lokhu kuvumela isiphequluli sakho ukufinyelela ulwazi olugciniwe uma uvakashela ikhasi noma uzulazula phakathi kwezigaba ngaphakathi kwewebhusayithi efanayo, esikhundleni sokulucela futhi kunethiwekhi.

Umphumela ukabili: izikhathi zokulayisha ezimfushane zomsebenzisi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-bandwidth, kokubili ekuxhumekeni kwakho kanye nakuseva ekhonza okuqukethwe. Kodwa-ke, uma i-cache ingaphathwa kahle, izinsiza eziphelelwe yisikhathi zingavela, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kunconywa ukuyisusa.

I-CPU cache: amazinga e-L1, L2, kanye ne-L3

Igugu lomqhele maqondana nokusebenza yi-CPU cache. Amaprosesa anamuhla afaka amazinga amaningana okulandelana aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka kokufinyelela kwedatha kanye nemiyalelo. Ngokuvamile, i-L1 incane kakhulu futhi ishesha kakhulu, i-L2 iphakathi nendawo, kanti i-L3 inkulu kakhulu futhi ihamba kancane, evame ukwabelwana ngayo.

I -cache ye-L1 ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba zemiyalelo kanye nedatha, ngosayizi ojwayelekile wamashumi ambalwa e-KB nge-core ngayinye. Ishesha kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ukucubungula ngokushesha. I -cache ye-L2 inomthamo omkhulu (amakhulu e-KB kuya kuma-MB amaningana) futhi isebenza njengesipele se-L1. I -cache ye-L3 ingafinyelela ama-MB amaningana noma amashumi e-MB, yabelwana ngama-core amaningi, futhi isebenza njengezinga lokugcina ngaphambi kokufinyelela i-RAM.

Uma iphethini yokufinyelela imemori ilandelana kahle noma ibikezelwa, ihadiwe ingakulindela futhi ilethe idatha emazingeni e-cache afanele. Uma ididekile, igcwele ukugxuma okungahleliwe nezakhiwo ezihlakazekile, iprosesa ichitha isikhathi esiningi ilinde imemori bese i-CPU "iba nesithukuthezi." Yilapho-ke ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinga lekhodi kungena khona.

Lungiselela izakhiwo zedatha ze-CPU caching

Ukusebenza okuningi kuncike endleleni esiklama ngayo izakhiwo zethu zedatha. Akufani nokuba nento enkulu enamasimu ashisayo nabandayo ahlanganiswe ndawonye njengoba kunjalo ukuhlukanisa okusetshenziswa njalo kulokho okungajwayelekile ukusetshenziswa. Yonke imigqa ye-cache elethwa ku-processor inezindleko; uma sigcwalisa leyo migqa ngedatha engenamsebenzi, sichitha i-bandwidth.

Hlanganisa idatha eshisayo bese uhlukanisa idatha ebandayo

Isu elibalulekile ukuhlonza ukuthi yiziphi izinkambu esakhiweni ezifinyelelwa cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi (“idatha eshisayo”) nokuthi yiziphi ezisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela (“idatha ebandayo”). Eyokuqala kufanele igcinwe ndawonye enkumbulweni futhi, uma kungenzeka, ilingane nomugqa owodwa noma embalwa we-cache. Eyokugcina ingagcinwa esakhiweni esihlukile, esibhekiselwe kukhombisi noma inkomba.

Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokuba nento yomsebenzisi enezintambo ezinde (igama, umlando, i-imeyili) ixutshwe namafulegi noma omaka abahlolwa njalo, kungcono ukuhlanganisa idatha "eshisayo" (id, ukungena ngemvume kokugcina, isimo esisebenzayo) ibe yisakhiwo esihlanganisiwe bese ushiya lonke ulwazi ngesakhiwo "semininingwane" esihlukile. Ngale ndlela, lapho ikhodi iphindaphinda ohlwini lwabasebenzisi ukuhlola isimo noma umaka, imigqa ye-cache cishe igcwele idatha efanele.

Nciphisa ukugcwalisa bese usebenzisa kangcono umugqa ngamunye

Enye indawo yokulwa isekuklanyweni okungokoqobo kwezakhiwo: ukuhleleka kwamasimu nezinhlobo zawo. Ngenxa yezinkinga zokuqondanisa, ukuxuba izinhlobo zobukhulu obuhlukene ngokungahleliwe kungaletha ama-padding byte asebenza kuphela ekuchitheni inkumbulo, futhi okubi nakakhulu, imigqa ye-cache.

Uma sihlela kabusha isakhiwo sedatha ukuze siqoqe izinhlobo ezinkulu kuqala (isb., ama-double noma i-int64_t), bese kuba izinhlobo eziphakathi, bese ekugcineni izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu (i-bool, i-char), sivame ukunciphisa noma ukususa ingxenye enkulu ye-padding. Lokhu kuvumela izakhi eziningi ukuthi zilingane ngomugqa ngamunye we-cache, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka ku-hierarchy yememori kanye namathuba okuphuthelwa kwememori.

Khetha izitsha eziseduze

Iziqukathi ezigcina izinto kwimemori ehambisanayo , njenge-vectors, ngokuvamile zinobungani kakhulu ne-cache kunezakhiwo ezisekelwe kuma-node angavamile axhunywe yizikhombisi (izihlahla, uhlu oluxhunyiwe lwakudala, njll.). Uma udlula ku-vector, ihadiwe ingabikezela ngokuphelele ukufinyelela okulandelayo futhi ilayishe kusengaphambili imigqa ye-cache elandelayo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, izakhiwo ezifana namamephu asekelwe esihlahleni noma uhlu oluxhunyiwe zisabalalisa ama-node azo kuyo yonke inqwaba, okuphoqa i-CPU ukuthi yenze ukujaha okuqhubekayo kwe-pointer. Ukugxuma ngakunye kungabangela ukulahleka kwe-cache kanye nokubuyela emuva okubizayo kwimemori eyinhloko. Yingakho imitapo yolwazi eminingi yanamuhla inikeza amamephu e-hash aminyene , amatafula avulekile, nezinye iziqukathi ezizama ukugcina idatha incane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isitoreji esiku-inthanethi samaqoqo amancane

Ama-algorithm amaningi ahilela amaqoqo amancane kakhulu (ama-integer ambalwa, izakhiwo ezimbalwa) adalwa futhi abhujiswa njalo. Uma ngalinye lala maqoqo liqala ukwabiwa kwenqwaba, asigcini nje ngokufaka izindleko zokuphathwa kwememori kodwa futhi sigcina nedatha ehlakazekile ku-RAM. Isixazululo ukusebenzisa izitsha ezinesitoreji esiku-inthanethi sosayizi abancane.

Lolu hlobo lwesitsha lugcina isikhala sezinto ezingu-8 noma ezingu-16 ngqo ngaphakathi kwento ngokwayo. Uma nje lo mkhawulo ungadluli, asikho isidingo sokufinyelela inqwaba, futhi idatha ihlala inamathele kulo lonke umsebenzi noma isimo sekilasi, okuwusizo kakhulu ekugcinweni kwesikhashana.

Amaphethini okufinyelela: kusukela ku-AoS kuya ku-SoA kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-bitset

Ngisho noma kunezinqolobane ezihlelwe kahle, iphethini yokufinyelela idatha inquma kakhulu ukusebenza. Akufani nokudlula ku-array ngokulandelana njengoba kunjalo nokugxuma usuka kwelinye ikheli uye kwelinye ngokusekelwe ohlwini lwezinkomba. Kunezindlela ezithile eziphindaphindayo zokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwenqolobane.

Uhlu Lwezakhiwo (i-AoS) vs Uhlaka Lwezakhiwo (i-SoA)

Iphethini yakudala ukushintsha kusuka kumklamo "wezakhiwo" (AoS) kuya "kusakhiwo sezakhiwo" (SoA). Ku-AoS, into ngayinye iyinto enezinkambu eziningi (isibonelo, isikhundla kanye nobunzima benhlayiya), futhi lezi zinto zigcinwa ngokulandelana. Uma udinga ukufunda ingxenye yalezi zinkambu kuphela (isibonelo, isikhundla), uphoqeleka ukulayisha imigqa yenqolobane ephethe nedatha engasetshenziswanga.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ku-SoA, izimfanelo ezahlukene zihlukaniswe ngama-parallel arrays: eyodwa ka-x, enye ka-y, enye ka-z, enye ka-mass, njalo njalo. Ngakho-ke, uma i-algorithm ibuyekeza izikhundla kuphela, ifinyelela kuphela ama-coordinate arrays, futhi i- cache ayingcoliswanga ngolwazi olungabalulekile . Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mklamo uthanda i-vectorization kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalelo ye-SIMD.

Ama-Bitset kanye nezinkomba ngenkomba

Kuma-domain amancane (isb., amafulegi asukela ku-0 kuya ku-255), ukusebenzisa i-bitset kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunesakhiwo sesethi esisekelwe ku-hash. I-bitset enezikhundla ezingu-256 ithatha amashumi ambalwa ama-byte futhi ivumela imisebenzi esheshayo kakhulu, ehambisana ngokugcwele, futhi enobungani ne-cache, esikhundleni sokuxazulula ukungqubuzana etafuleni le-hash.

Ngokufanayo, ukufaka esikhundleni ama-pointers ngama -indices kuma-array ahambisanayo kunganciphisa usayizi wezakhiwo (ama-indices angu-32-bit esikhundleni sama-pointers angu-64-bit) futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana kwe-cache. Esikhundleni sama-node asakazeke kuyo yonke inqwaba, i-vector yama-node igcinwa futhi ifinyelelwe yisikhundla sawo, okwenza kube lula ukuwela ngokulandelana.

Ukulanda kusengaphambili: nini okufanele siqale ngaso umsebenzi

Ngaphezu kokulanda kusengaphambili ihadiwe, okuzama ukulindela amaphethini okufinyelela alandelanayo, sinemiyalelo yokulanda kusengaphambili isofthiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulayisha idatha ezimweni ezithile. Lokhu kunengqondo lapho iphethini ibikezelwa kodwa ingekho emgqeni oqondile, njengoba kwenzeka kumathebula e-hash noma ohlwini oluxhunyiwe.

Umqondo ojwayelekile ulula: ngenkathi ucubungula i-element i, uyala i-hardware ukuthi ilethe i-element i+1 (noma i-block ethile yesikhathi esizayo) ku-cache. Uma ufika kuleyo element, amathuba okuthi isivele iku-L1 noma ku-L2 aphezulu, futhi isikhathi sokulinda sincishisiwe. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa nge-compiler prefetch primitives noma imitapo yolwazi ethile.

Kodwa-ke, akunangqondo ukusebenzisa i-prefetching ecacile ekufinyeleleni okulandelanayo ngokuphelele, ngoba ihadiwe isivele iyisingatha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Eqinisweni, ukwengeza i-prefetching engadingekile kungaphazamisa i-cache futhi kube kubi kakhulu ukusebenza. Njengoba kunjalo cishe njalo ngokusebenza, kungcono ukukala ngaphambi nangemva.

Izinqubomgomo zendawo egciniwe, ukufaka esikhundleni, kanye nokulanda kusengaphambili

Ezingeni elingokwemfundiso, izinhlelo ze-cache zisekelwe ezinqubweni zokuthi kufanele zigcinwe kuphi idatha, ukuthi zilandwe nini, nokuthi iyiphi idatha okufanele ikhishwe uma kungekho ndawo eyanele. Nakuba le mininingwane iphathwa yihadiwe noma uhlelo lokusebenza, ukuyiqonda kusiza ekuchazeni ukuziphatha okuthile okungavamile.

Ngokuphathelene nendawo, ukuhlukaniswa kwememori noma izinhlelo zokwabiwa kwe-set-associative zingasetshenziswa, lapho ikheli ngalinye lememori eliyinhloko lingafakwa kuphela ku-subset ye-cache. Lokhu kuthonya inani lezingxabano kanye namathuba amakheli amabili ahlangana ngaphakathi kwe-cache.

Ngokuphathelene nokususa idatha ye-cache (okwenzekayo uma kukhona iphutha le-cache), izinqubomgomo zokufaka esikhundleni ziyasetshenziswa: i-LRU (Engasetshenziswa Kancane Kancane), i-FIFO, noma ngisho nokufaka esikhundleni okungahleliwe. I-LRU izama ukugcina idatha esetshenziswe muva nje ku-cache, icabanga ukuthi izodingeka futhi, kuyilapho i-FIFO imane ilahle idatha endala. Inqubomgomo ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kuye ngephethini yokufinyelela yangempela.

Esigabeni sokulanda kusengaphambili, kunezindlela ezisekelwe kumaphethini omlando: uma ihadiwe ithola ukuthi ukufinyelela ngakunye kuyashintsha, isibonelo, njalo amabhayithi angu-64, kuzothambekela ekulandeni kusengaphambili amabhulokhi ahambisanayo . Kwezinye izimo, ukulanda kusengaphambili isikhala (ukulanda ibhulokhi lonke noma ngabe kuceliwe ingxenye kuphela) kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inani lohambo oluya kwimemori eyinhloko.

Ukulinganisa nokufaka iphrofayili yokuziphatha kwe-cache

Ukwenza ngcono ngaphandle kokulinganisa kufana nokungazi ukuthi kwenzekani. Kukhona amathuluzi okuhlaziya ukusebenza akuvumela ukuthi ubone ama-metrics athile e-cache: izinkomba, ama-misses e-L1, ama-misses e-cache (LLC) e-last-level, ama-miss percentage, njll. Lawa ma-metrics abonisa ukuthi izinguquko zakho ziyasithuthukisa yini isimo.

Uma, isibonelo, izinga lokuphutha kwe-L1 cache licishe libe ngu-2–3%, ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokufanelekile, kuyilapho amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuphutha kwi-cache yezinga lokugcina angabonisa izinkinga zendawo noma zesikhashana . Ukuhlanganisa lezi zibalo namaphrofayili e-CPU kanye nememori kusiza ukuhlonza ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zekhodi ezibeka ukucindezeleka okukhulu kuhlu lwememori.

I-Cache kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza ku-Windows

Ngale kwekhodi ngokwayo, abasebenzisi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani i-Windows PC yabo isebenza kancane uma, "ngokombono," ine-CPU ne-RAM enhle. Ingxenye yempendulo ilele eqinisweni lokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlala khona, kanye nodoti wedijithali oqoqiwe kuhlala kudla i-CPU, imemori, kanye ne-cache , okushiya izinsiza ezimbalwa zemisebenzi ebalulekile. Ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuningana okuqondile ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-Windows 11, kungenzeka ukukhulula izinsiza ze-CPU kanye ne-RAM ( isibonelo, ngokuhlela imemori ebonakalayo ), ukunciphisa izinqubo zangemuva, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono lesistimu lokugcina idatha efanele. Kuye ngesimo sokuqala, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungasukela ekushintsheni okuncane kuya ekushintsheni okukhulu ekusebenzeni okuphelele.

Buyekeza iWindows nabashayeli

Isinyathelo esilula kakhulu abantu abaningi abangasinaki ukugcina kokubili uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nabashayeli kusesikhathini. Izibuyekezo ze-Windows azigcini nje ngokuletha ama-patch okuphepha: zivame ukufaka ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwezinsiza , ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwememori, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-kernel.

Kusukela kuphaneli yezilungiselelo ze-Windows (Qala > Izilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo Nokuphepha > Isibuyekezo se-Windows), ungasesha kokubili izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile kanye namaphakheji ongakhetha kuwo, kufaka phakathi abashayeli abangabalulekile abangathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-CPU yakho, i-GPU, noma i-chipset. Ukufaka lezi zingxenye kungaxazulula izinkinga zokungalungi noma zokuzinza ezithinta ngqo indlela i-cache nememori ezisetshenziswa ngayo.

Khubaza ukusatshalaliswa kwezibuyekezo ze-P2P

Kusukela ku-Windows 10, uhlelo lungalanda futhi lwabelane ngezibuyekezo lusebenzisa indlela ye-P2P namanye amakhompyutha. Nakuba luhlakaniphile, lolu hlelo lusho ukuthi ikhompyutha isebenzisa i-CPU, inethiwekhi, kanye nesikhala sediski ukusiza ukusabalalisa izibuyekezo, okuyinto engathandeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukukhubaza i-"Delivery Optimization" ku-Windows Update kuvimbela i-PC yakho ukuthi inikeze noma ilande izingcezu zokuvuselela kwamanye amakhompyutha. Lokhu kukhulula izinsiza, kunciphisa umsebenzi wangemuva, futhi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezingenamandla kakhulu.

Khulula isikhala sediski bese ususa amafayela angafuneki

Uma i-hard drive yakho igcwele noma icishe igcwele, i-Windows inesikhala esincane sokufaka ama-paging nokudala amafayela esikhashana, okugcina kuthinta ukusebenza. Ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlanza i-Disk elakhelwe ngaphakathi kukuvumela ukuthi ususe amafayela esikhashana, ubuyekeze izinsalela, izinto ku-Recycle Bin, kanye neminye imininingwane engadingekile.

Ngaphezu kwaleli thuluzi lokuhlanza, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uchithe njalo i-Recycle Bin bese usebenzisa izinketho zesitoreji se-Windows ukuze ususe amafayela esikhashana aqoqiwe. Uma isikhala sincane kudrayivu yesistimu, kulapho uhlelo lwememori oluzosebenza kahle khona kanye ne-disk cache izosebenza kahle khona.

Lungiselela izinhlelo zokuqala nezingemuva

Esinye sezitha ezinkulu ze-CPU kanye ne-cache ku-PC esetshenziswa nsuku zonke izinhlelo eziqala ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi zisebenze ngemuva: ama-synchronizer, ama-updaters, izinsiza ezincane esizisebenzisa kancane, njll. Nakuba zingase zibonakale zilula, ngayinye inezela imicu, imemori, ukufinyelela kuma-disk, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-cache.

Kusukela ku-Task Manager noma usebenzisa i-Sysinternals ukuqapha izinqubo , kuthebhu ethi Ukuqalisa, ungakhubaza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingadingekile ekulayisheni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ungalawula futhi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivunyelwe ukusebenza ngemuva ngaphansi kwezilungiselelo Zobumfihlo. Ukunciphisa lolu hlu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuqalisa kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthwalo oqhubekayo ku-CPU kanye ne-RAM.

Nciphisa imiphumela yezithombe nezaziso

Izithombe ezinyakazayo zamafasitela, ukucaca, kanye nokunye ukuhlotshiswa okubonakalayo kusebenzisa izinsiza. Kumakhompyutha amadala noma angenamandla kangako, kungaba yinzuzo ukulungisa izilungiselelo ze-Windows ukuze kubekwe phambili ukusebenza kunokubukeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinketho ezithuthukisiwe zesistimu, esigabeni sokusebenza, ngokukhetha ukucushwa okuthanda isivinini.

Ngokufanayo, izaziso eziningi kakhulu zingamqeda amandla umsebenzisi kanye nedivayisi . Ukukhubaza izaziso ezingadingekile akugcini nje ngokwenza kube lula ulwazi lomsebenzisi kodwa futhi kuvimbela izinqubo zangemuva kanye nokuhlola ukuthi kusebenze kaningi.

Izindlela zamandla, ubusika, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu

I-Windows ifaka izinhlelo eziningana zamandla ezithinta ngqo indlela i-CPU ephathwa ngayo: ukuthi impilo yebhethri noma ukusebenza okumsulwa kubekwa phambili. Kuma-desktop nama-laptop axhunyiwe, ngokuvamile kungumqondo omuhle ukubuyekeza lezi zilungiselelo.

I-Fast Startup ihlanganisa izici zokuvala kanye nokuvala ukuze kusheshiswe izikhathi zokuqalisa ngokulayisha kusengaphambili ingxenye ye-kernel kanye nabashayeli ngaphambi kokuvala. Ukuyivumela kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuqalisa, yize kunconywa ukuyikhubaza okwesikhashana uma ibangela izinkinga ngezibuyekezo noma ukufinyelela kwe-BIOS.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemodi efihliwe "yokusebenza okuphezulu" ephoqa i-CPU nezinye izingxenye ukuthi zisebenze ngaphandle kokucabangela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ukuyisebenzisa kunganikeza isikhala esengeziwe semisebenzi enzima, kodwa ngezindleko zokushisa okwandisiwe, umsindo wabalandeli, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ukuphathwa kahle kwesikhala nenkumbulo ohlelweni

Ngaphezu kokuhlanza nokulawula izinhlelo zokuhlala njalo, kunezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa kangcono izinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha, kanye ne-CPU kanye ne-disk cache.

Ukuba nedeskithophu egcwele izithonjana, izinqamuleli, amafolda, namafayela akuyona nje imfuhlumfuhlu ebonakalayo: I-Windows kufanele iphathe konke lokho, okwengeza umsebenzi owengeziwe. Ukugcina ideskithophu yakho ihlanzekile ngokwanele nokuhlela amafayela akho abe amafolda ngaphakathi kwama-drive akho kuwumkhuba olula ofaka isandla endaweni elula.

Kuphinde kusize ukuthembela ezixazululweni zesitoreji samafu kumafayela athile, okunciphisa inani lesitoreji sendawo esisetshenziswayo. Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlakanipha (ngaphandle kokuthembela ngokuphelele ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi), uhlelo lwendawo lungagcinwa lungasindwa kakhulu futhi lube nokuguquguquka okwengeziwe.

Ubuchwepheshe obuthile: I-ReadyBoost, i-overclocking kanye ne-hardware

Kumakhompyutha ane-hard drive yomshini kanye ne-RAM elinganiselwe, i-Windows ifaka ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-ReadyBoost, obukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-USB drive esheshayo njengohlobo lwe-cache eyengeziwe. Nakuba kungeyona i-magic bullet, kwezinye izilungiselelo ingathuthukisa ukusebenza ngokunciphisa umthwalo othile ku-hard drive.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectrum, abasebenzisi abathuthukile bangakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-CPU abo ngokweqile besebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-Intel Extreme Tuning Utility (yama-processor angavuliwe). Ukwandisa isivinini sewashi kukhulisa ukusebenza, kodwa futhi kwandisa izinga lokushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngengozi yangempela yokungazinzi kanye nomonakalo uma i-voltage kanye nokupholisa kungaphathwa ngokucophelela.

Uma konke ukulungiswa kwesofthiwe kungaphumeleli, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngokuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe: ukufaka esikhundleni se-hard drive nge-SSD, ukwandisa i-RAM, noma ngisho nokushintsha iprosesa noma lonke uhlelo. I-SSD, ikakhulukazi, iguqula ukusebenza okubonwayo kohlelo, njengoba inciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokufinyelela kwidiski, okuvumela i-disk cache kanye nememori ebonakalayo ukuthi isebenze kahle kakhulu.

Sekukonke, ukuhlanganisa ukwakheka okuhle kwesakhiwo sedatha kanye namaphethini okufinyelela imemori ukuze kusetshenziswe i-CPU cache ngokucushwa kwe-Windows ngokucophelela (okubuyekeziwe, okulula, okungenazo izinto ezingafuneki noma izinqubo ezingadingekile, ngohlelo lwamandla olufanele, futhi uma kudingeka, ngezinsiza ezincane ezifana ne-ReadyBoost noma ukuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe) kukuvumela ukuthi uthole okuningi emshinini ofanayo, ukufeza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphendula ngokushesha kanye nohlelo oluzwakala lushesha kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo "somlingo" noma amaqhinga angavamile.