Ukulungiswa kwe-CPU cache kanye nokusebenza kahle ku-Windows

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La Ukulungiswa kwe-CPU cache Kungenye yalezo zihloko ezihlukanisa ikhodi "esebenza" nekhodi "endizayo." Uma siqonda ukuthi inkumbulo ihlelwe kanjani, ukuthi yiziphi izikhathi zokufinyelela ezingeni ngalinye ezisingathwa yizo, nokuthi ihadiwe iziphatha kanjani, singafinyelela ukuthuthuka okukhulu kokusebenza ngaphandle kokushintsha imishini.

Okwamanje, inani elikhulu labasebenzisi beWindows libhekene nenkinga evamile: ama-PC abo ahamba kancane. Futhi ngokuvamile impande yenkinga ikhona lapho, ekusebenziseni kabi imemori, i-cache, kanye ne-CPU uqobo. Ngenhlanganisela ye umklamo omuhle osezingeni eliphansi (izakhiwo zedatha, amaphethini okufinyelela imemori) kanye izilungiselelo ezisebenzayo ku-Windows (ukuhlanza, ukuvuselela, izindlela zamandla, njll.), intuthuko ephawulekayo ingatholakala, kusukela ekukhuleni okuncane okungu-5% kuya ekukhuphukeni okungu-30-40% ezimweni ezithile.

Ukuhlelwa kwememori kanye nokubambezeleka: kungani imithetho ye-cache

Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale ukulungisa ikhodi noma ukumisa iWindows, sidinga ukuqonda into eyodwa ngokucacile: akuyona yonke imemori edalwe ilingana. Umehluko phakathi kokufinyelela ama-cache e-L1, L2, L3, i-RAM, noma idiski mkhulu kakhulu, futhi ukulungiswa okuningi kwe-cache kusekelwe kulokhu. gwema ukuya emazingeni ahamba kancane konke okusemandleni.

Kuprosesa yesimanje, izikhathi zokufinyelela ezijwayelekile (ukulandelana kobukhulu) cishe zimi kanje: ukufinyelela ku- L1 inqolobane Kucishe kube yisigamu sesekhondi, ukwehluleka kokubikezela ukugxuma kuthatha amasekhondi ambalwa, L2 Kungama-ns angu-7, kanti ukufinyelela imemori eyinhloko kungadlula ama-ns angu-100. Uma siphuma ngaphandle kwedivayisi (inethiwekhi, i-SSD, i-hard drive yomshini), izinombolo ziyakhuphuka ziye phezulu. amakhulu ezinkulungwane noma izigidi zama-nanosecond.

Lo mehluko omkhulu yiwona owenza ukuhlela idatha kahle, ukunciphisa ukungaphumeleli kwe-cache, kanye nokuklama amaphethini okufinyelela alandelanayo kubaluleke kakhulu. I-loop ehlala ku-cache ye-L1 izoshesha kakhulu kuneyo ehlala ifinyelela i-RAM noma i-SSD, noma ngabe yenza umsebenzi ofanayo ngokunengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CPU cache ihlelwe ngamazinga amaningana: i-L1, encane kakhulu futhi ishesha kakhulu; i-L2, inkulu futhi ihamba kancane; kanye ne-L3, enkulu nakakhulu, evame ukwabelwana phakathi kwama-cores. Umqondo uwukugcina idatha "eshisayo" (idatha esetshenziswa njalo) iseduze futhi yehlise okunye kube amazinga aphansi. Njengabathuthukisi, singasiza ekwenzeni lokhu kwenzeke ngokwemvelo ngokuklama okuhle kwesakhiwo sedatha kanye ne- ukufinyelela okubikezelwayo.

Iyini i-cache futhi kungani ithinta ukusebenza kwayo?

I-cache, kunoma yimuphi umongo (i-CPU, idiski, iwebhu…), iyi- isitoreji esisheshayo sedatha esetshenziswe muva njeEsikhundleni sokufinyelela njalo umthombo ohamba kancane, sigcina ikhophi yalokho okungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe kabusha. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphendula futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka ezinsizeni eziyinhloko.

Ngokuvamile, i-caching isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa ukufinyelela nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Empeleni, ivumela uhlelo ukuthi lwenze umsebenzi omningi ngehadiwe efanayo: ukulinda okuncane, amabhlogo ambalwa, kanye nemigqa embalwa. Yingakho isetshenziswa kuma-CPU, kumadiski, ezipheqululini, ezinhlelweni ezisatshalaliswa, kanye nanoma iyiphi isofthiwe ephatha idatha ngokujulile.

I-PC evamile iqukethe izinhlobo eziningana ze-cache: inqolobane yediski (i-RAM egcina idatha kusuka ku-hard drive), inqolobane yewebhu (izinsiza zesiphequluli esingaguquki) kanye Inqolobane ye-CPU (L1, L2, L3). Zonke zisebenza ngomqondo ofanayo oyisisekelo: ukugcina lokho okungenzeka kudingeke kamuva, ukugwema ukuphinda imisebenzi ehamba kancane.

Izinhlobo ze-cache: i-disk, i-web, kanye ne-CPU cache

Ngaphakathi kwesistimu yangempela, izindlela eziningana zokulondoloza idatha ziyahlangana, ngayinye ngezinga layo. Ukuziqonda kusiza kokubili ekuhleleni izinhlelo kangcono nasekuhloleni ukuthi kungani i-PC isebenza kabi kunalokho obekulindelwe.

Inqolobane yediski

I-disk cache yindawo yememori (ngokuvamile i-RAM) lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lukhona khona igcina idatha efundwe noma ebhalwe kamuva kudiskiUma uhlelo lokusebenza lucela leyo datha futhi, uhlelo luqala ngokubheka i-cache: uma ikhona, ukufinyelela kushesha kakhulu kunokuya kudiski, ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngamadiski emishini.

Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokulayisha, inciphisa inani lemisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala ngokomzimba, futhi, ngokulandelana, kwandisa impilo yediskiEzimweni ezinokufinyelela okuphindaphindiwe kumafayela afanayo (izizindalwazi, amaseva, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo), ukugcinwa kwe-disk caching kwenza umehluko omkhulu.

Inqolobane yewebhu

Kusiphequluli, i-web cache igcina okwesikhashana izithombe, amashidi esitayela, i-JavaScript, nezinye izinsiza. Ngenxa yalokhu, uma uphinda uvakashele ikhasi noma uzulazula phakathi kwezigaba ngaphakathi kwesayithi elifanayo, isiphequluli singakwazi... donsa kulokho osuvele ukugcinile esikhundleni sokuyi-oda futhi ku-inthanethi.

Umphumela ukabili: izikhathi zokulayisha ezimfushane zomsebenzisi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-bandwidth, kokubili ekuxhumekeni kwakho kanye nakuseva ekhonza okuqukethwe. Kodwa-ke, uma i-cache ingaphathwa kahle, izinsiza eziphelelwe yisikhathi zingavela, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kunconywa ukuyisusa.

I-CPU cache: amazinga e-L1, L2, kanye ne-L3

Igugu lomqhele maqondana nokusebenza yi-CPU cache. Amaprosesa anamuhla afaka amazinga amaningana okulandelana aklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka kokufinyelela kwedatha kanye nemiyalelo. Ngokuvamile, i-L1 incane kakhulu futhi ishesha kakhulu, i-L2 iphakathi nendawo, kanti i-L3 inkulu kakhulu futhi ihamba kancane, evame ukwabelwana ngayo.

La L1 inqolobane Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngemiyalelo nedatha, ngosayizi ojwayelekile wamashumi ambalwa e-KB ngenhliziyo ngayinye. Ishesha kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa imisebenzi eseduze kakhulu. L2 inqolobane Inamandla amakhulu (amakhulu e-KB kuya kuma-MB amaningana) futhi isebenza njengesipele se-L1. L3 inqolobane Ingafinyelela ama-MB amaningana noma amashumi ama-MB, yabelwane ngama-core amaningana, futhi isebenza njengezinga lokugcina ngaphambi kokuya ku-RAM.

Uma iphethini yokufinyelela inkumbulo ilandelana kahle noma ibikezelwa, ihadiwe iyakwazi ukuyibikezela kusengaphambili futhi ilethe idatha kula mazinga e-cache. Uma ididekile, igcwele ukugxuma okungahleliwe nezakhiwo ezihlakazekile, iprosesa ichitha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu. ngilinde inkumbulo futhi i-CPU "iyadinwa". Yilapho-ke ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinga lekhodi kungena khona.

Lungiselela izakhiwo zedatha ze-CPU caching

Ukusebenza okuningi kuncike endleleni esiklama ngayo izakhiwo zethu zedatha. Akufani nokuba nento enkulu enamasimu ashisayo nabandayo ahlanganiswe ndawonye njengoba kunjalo ukuhlukanisa okusetshenziswa njalo kulokho okungajwayelekile ukusetshenziswa. Yonke imigqa ye-cache elethwa ku-processor inezindleko; uma sigcwalisa leyo migqa ngedatha engenamsebenzi, sichitha i-bandwidth.

Hlanganisa idatha eshisayo bese uhlukanisa idatha ebandayo

Isu elibalulekile ukuhlonza ukuthi yiziphi izinkambu esakhiweni ezifinyelelwa cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi (“idatha eshisayo”) nokuthi yiziphi ezisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela (“idatha ebandayo”. Eyokuqala kufanele ukuba ndawonye enkumbulweni futhi, uma kungenzeka, kungena emgqeni owodwa noma embalwa ye-cache. Lokhu kokugcina kungaba sesakhiweni esihlukile, esibhekiselwe kukhombisi noma inkomba.

Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokuba nento yomsebenzisi enezintambo ezinde (igama, umlando, i-imeyili) ixutshwe namafulegi noma omaka abahlolwa njalo, kungcono ukuhlanganisa idatha "eshisayo" (id, ukungena ngemvume kokugcina, isimo esisebenzayo) ibe yisakhiwo esihlanganisiwe bese ushiya lonke ulwazi ngesakhiwo "semininingwane" esihlukile. Ngale ndlela, lapho ikhodi iphindaphinda ohlwini lwabasebenzisi ukuhlola isimo noma umaka, imigqa ye-cache cishe igcwele idatha efanele.

Nciphisa ukugcwalisa bese usebenzisa kangcono umugqa ngamunye

Enye impi isekuklanyweni okungokoqobo kwezakhiwo: ukuhleleka kwamasimu kanye nezinhlobo zazo. Ngenxa yokuqondanisa, ukuxuba izinhlobo zobukhulu obuhlukene ngendlela engahlelekile kungaletha ama-padding byte asebenza kuphela ekuchitheni inkumbulo, futhi okubi nakakhulu, imigqa ye-cache.

Uma sihlela kabusha isakhiwo sedatha ukuze siqoqe izinhlobo ezinkulu kuqala (isb., ama-double noma i-int64_t), bese kuba izinhlobo eziphakathi, bese ekugcineni izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu (i-bool, i-char), sivame ukunciphisa noma ukususa ingxenye enkulu ye-padding. Lokhu kuvumela izakhi eziningi ukuthi zilingane ngomugqa ngamunye we-cache, kunciphisa ukucindezeleka ku-hierarchy yememori kanye namathuba okuphuthelwa kwememori.

Khetha izitsha eziseduze

Izitsha ezigcina izinto ngaphakathi inkumbulo ehambisanayoAma-vector, njengohlobo lwe-array, ngokuvamile anobungani kakhulu ne-cache kunezakhiwo ezisekelwe kuma-node angavamile axhunywe yizikhombisi (izihlahla, uhlu oluxhunyiwe lwakudala, njll.). Uma udlula ku-vector, i-hardware ingabikezela ngokuphelele ukufinyelela okulandelayo futhi ilayishe kusengaphambili imigqa ye-cache elandelayo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, izakhiwo ezifana namamephu asekelwe ezihlahleni noma uhlu oluxhunyiwe zisabalalisa ama-node azo kuyo yonke inqwaba, okuphoqa i-CPU ukuthi yenze ukujaha okuqhubekayo kwe-pointer. Ukugxuma ngakunye kungabangela ukungaphumeleli kwe-cache kanye nokubuyela emuva ememori eyinhloko okubizayo. Yingakho imitapo yolwazi eminingi yanamuhla inikeza amamephu e-hash aminyenevula amatafula nezinye izitsha ezizama ukugcina idatha incane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isitoreji esiku-inthanethi samaqoqo amancane

Ama-algorithm amaningi ahilela amaqoqo amancane kakhulu (ama-integer ambalwa, izakhiwo ezimbalwa) adalwa futhi abhujiswa njalo. Uma ngayinye yalezi zibangela ukwabiwa kwenqwaba, asigcini nje ngokufaka izindleko zokuphathwa kwememori kodwa futhi sinedatha esakazeke ku-RAM. Isixazululo ukusebenzisa izitsha ezine- isitoreji esiku-inthanethi samasayizi amancane.

Lolu hlobo lwesitsha lugcina isikhala sezinto ezingu-8 noma ezingu-16 ngqo ngaphakathi kwento ngokwayo. Uma nje lo mkhawulo ungadluli, asikho isidingo sokufinyelela inqwaba, futhi idatha ihlala inamathele kulo lonke umsebenzi noma isimo sekilasi, okuwusizo kakhulu ekugcinweni kwesikhashana.

Amaphethini okufinyelela: kusukela ku-AoS kuya ku-SoA kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-bitset

Ngisho noma kunezinqolobane ezihlelwe kahle, iphethini yokufinyelela idatha inquma kakhulu ukusebenza. Akufani nokudlula ku-array ngokulandelana njengoba kunjalo nokugxuma usuka kwelinye ikheli uye kwelinye ngokusekelwe ohlwini lwezinkomba. Kunezindlela ezithile eziphindaphindayo zokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwenqolobane.

Uhlu Lwezakhiwo (i-AoS) vs Uhlaka Lwezakhiwo (i-SoA)

Iphethini yakudala ukushintsha kusuka kumklamo "wezakhiwo" (AoS) kuya "kusakhiwo sezakhiwo" (SoA). Ku-AoS, into ngayinye iyinto enezinkambu eziningi (isibonelo, isikhundla kanye nobunzima benhlayiya), futhi lezi zinto zigcinwa ngokulandelana. Uma udinga ukufunda ingxenye yalezi zinkambu kuphela (isibonelo, isikhundla), uphoqeleka ukulayisha imigqa yenqolobane ephethe nedatha engasetshenziswanga.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ku-SoA, izimfanelo ezahlukene zihlukaniswe ngama-parallel arrays: eyodwa ka-x, enye ka-y, enye ka-z, enye ka-mass, njll. Ngakho-ke, uma i-algorithm ivuselela izikhundla kuphela, ithinta kuphela ama-coordinate arrays, kanye ne- i-cache ayingcoliswanga ngolwazi olungabalulekileNgaphezu kwalokho, lo mklamo uthanda ukwenziwa kwe-vector kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalelo ye-SIMD.

Ama-Bitset kanye nezinkomba ngenkomba

Kuma-domain amancane (isb., amafulegi asukela ku-0 kuya ku-255), ukusebenzisa i-bitset kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunesakhiwo sesethi esisekelwe ku-hash. I-bitset enezikhundla ezingu-256 ithatha amashumi ambalwa ama-byte futhi ivumela imisebenzi esheshayo kakhulu, ehambisana ngokugcwele, futhi enobungani ne-cache, esikhundleni sokuxazulula ukungqubuzana etafuleni le-hash.

Ngokufanayo, shintsha izikhombisi nge izinkomba kumalungu ahambisanayo Kunganciphisa usayizi wezakhiwo (ama-indices angu-32-bit esikhundleni sama-pointers angu-64-bit) futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana kwe-cache. Esikhundleni sama-node asakazeke kuyo yonke inqwaba, kugcinwa i-vector yama-node futhi akhonjwa indawo yawo, okwenza kube lula ukuwela ngokulandelana.

Ukulanda kusengaphambili: nini okufanele siqale ngaso umsebenzi

Ngaphezu kokulanda kusengaphambili ihadiwe, okuzama ukulindela amaphethini okufinyelela alandelanayo, sinemiyalelo yokulanda kusengaphambili isofthiwe ye ukulayisha idatha kusengaphambili ezimweni ezithile. Lokhu kunengqondo lapho iphethini ibikezelwa kodwa ingekho emgqeni oqondile, njengoba kwenzeka kumathebula e-hash noma ohlwini oluxhunyiwe.

Umqondo ojwayelekile ulula: ngenkathi ucubungula i-element i, uyala i-hardware ukuthi ilethe i-element i+1 (noma i-block ethile yesikhathi esizayo) ku-cache. Uma ufika kuleyo element, amathuba okuthi isivele iku-L1 noma ku-L2 aphezulu, futhi isikhathi sokulinda sincishisiwe. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa nge-compiler prefetch primitives noma imitapo yolwazi ethile.

Kodwa-ke, akunangqondo ukusebenzisa i-prefetching ecacile ekufinyeleleni okulandelanayo ngokuphelele, ngoba ihadiwe isivele iyisingatha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Eqinisweni, ukwengeza i-prefetching engadingekile kungenza ukungcola i-cache futhi kwenza ukusebenza kube kubi kakhulu. Njengoba kunjalo cishe njalo ngokusebenza, kungcono ukukala ngaphambi nangemuva.

Izinqubomgomo zendawo egciniwe, ukufaka esikhundleni, kanye nokulanda kusengaphambili

Ezingeni elingokwemfundiso, izinhlelo ze-cache zisekelwe ezinqubweni zokuthi kufanele zigcinwe kuphi idatha, ukuthi zilandwe nini, nokuthi iyiphi idatha okufanele ikhishwe uma kungekho ndawo eyanele. Nakuba le mininingwane iphathwa yihadiwe noma uhlelo lokusebenza, ukuyiqonda kusiza ekuchazeni ukuziphatha okuthile okungavamile.

Ngokuphathelene nendawo, izinhlelo zingasetshenziswa ukuhlukaniswa kwememori noma ukwabiwa kwe-set-associative, lapho ikheli ngalinye lememori eliyinhloko lingafakwa kuphela ku-subset ye-cache. Lokhu kuthonya inani lezingxabano kanye namathuba okuthi amakheli amabili ahlangane ngaphakathi kwe-cache.

Ngokuphathelene nokususa idatha ye-cache (okwenzekayo uma kukhona iphutha le-cache), izinqubomgomo zokufaka esikhundleni ziyasetshenziswa: i-LRU (Engasetshenziswa Kancane Kancane), i-FIFO, noma ngisho nokufaka esikhundleni okungahleliwe. I-LRU izama ukugcina idatha esetshenziswe muva nje ku-cache, icabanga ukuthi izodingeka futhi, kuyilapho i-FIFO imane ilahle idatha endala. Inqubomgomo ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kuye ngephethini yokufinyelela yangempela.

Esigabeni sokulanda kusengaphambili, kunezindlela ezisekelwe kumaphethini omlando: uma ihadiwe ithola ukuthi ukufinyelela ngakunye kushintshiwe, isibonelo, njalo ngamabhayithi angu-64, kuzothambekela ekubeni lindela amabhlogo aseduzeKwezinye izimo, ukulandelela isikhala kusengaphambili (ukuletha ibhulokhi lonke noma ngabe ucele ingxenye yalo kuphela) kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa inani lohambo oluya kwimemori eyinhloko.

Ukulinganisa nokufaka iphrofayili yokuziphatha kwe-cache

Ukwenza ngcono ngaphandle kokulinganisa kufana nokungazi ukuthi kwenzekani. Kukhona amathuluzi okuhlaziya ukusebenza akuvumela ukuthi ubone ama-metrics athile e-cache: izinkomba, ama-misses e-L1, ama-misses e-cache (LLC) e-last-level, ama-miss percentage, njll. Lawa ma-metrics abonisa ukuthi izinguquko zakho ziyasithuthukisa yini isimo.

Uma, isibonelo, iphesenti lokuphutha ku-L1 licishe libe ngu-2-3%, ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokufanelekile, kanti amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuphutha ku-cache yezinga lokugcina angabonisa izinkinga nge indawo noma yesikhashanaUkuhlanganisa lezi zibalo namaphrofayili e-CPU kanye nememori kusiza ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zekhodi ezibeka ingcindezi enkulu kuhlu lwememori.

I-Cache kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza ku-Windows

Ngale kwekhodi ngokwayo, abasebenzisi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani i-Windows PC yabo isebenza kancane kangaka uma, "ngokombono," ine-CPU ne-RAM enhle. Ingxenye yempendulo ilele ohlelweni ngokwalo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlala khona, kanye nokuqongelela kwamafayela e-junk edijithali. Zisebenzisa i-CPU, imemori, kanye ne-cache. njalo, kushiya izinsiza ezimbalwa zemisebenzi ebalulekile. Ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuningana okukhethekile ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-Windows 11, kungenzeka ukukhulula izinsiza ze-CPU kanye ne-RAM (Isibonelo, ngokuhlela imemori ebonakalayo), ukunciphisa izinqubo zangemuva nokuthuthukisa ikhono lesistimu lokugcina idatha efanele. Kuye ngesimo sokuqala, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungasukela ekushintsheni okuncane kuya ezinguqukweni eziphawulekayo ekusebenzeni okuphelele.

Buyekeza iWindows nabashayeli

Isinyathelo esilula kakhulu abantu abaningi abangasinaki ukugcina kokubili uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nabashayeli kusesikhathini. Izibuyekezo ze-Windows azigcini nje ngokuletha ama-patch okuphepha: zivame ukufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwezinsiza, ukulungiswa kokuvuza kwememori kanye ukwenza ngcono i-kernel.

Kusukela kuphaneli yezilungiselelo ze-Windows (Qala > Izilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo Nokuphepha > Isibuyekezo se-Windows), ungasesha kokubili izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile kanye namaphakheji ongakhetha kuwo, kufaka phakathi abashayeli abangabalulekile abangathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-CPU yakho, i-GPU, noma i-chipset. Ukufaka lezi zingxenye kungaxazulula izinkinga zokungalungi noma zokuzinza ezithinta ngqo indlela i-cache nememori ezisetshenziswa ngayo.

Khubaza ukusatshalaliswa kwezibuyekezo ze-P2P

Kusukela ku-Windows 10, uhlelo lungalanda futhi lwabelane ngezibuyekezo lusebenzisa indlela ye-P2P namanye amakhompyutha. Nakuba luhlakaniphile, lolu hlelo lusho ukuthi ikhompyutha... isebenzisa i-CPU, inethiwekhi kanye nediski ukusiza ekusabalaliseni izibuyekezo, into engathandeki ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukukhubaza i-"Delivery Optimization" ku-Windows Update kuvimbela i-PC yakho ukuthi inikeze noma ilande izingcezu zokuvuselela kwamanye amakhompyutha. Lokhu kukhulula izinsiza, kunciphisa umsebenzi wangemuva, futhi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezingenamandla kakhulu.

Khulula isikhala sediski bese ususa amafayela angafuneki

Uma idiski igcwele noma icishe igcwele, iWindows inesikhala esincane sokufaka ama-paging nokudala amafayela esikhashana, okugcina kuthinta ukusebenza. Sebenzisa ithuluzi elakhelwe ngaphakathi le- Ukuhlanzwa KweDiski Ikuvumela ukuthi ususe amafayela esikhashana, izinsalela zezibuyekezo, izinto kudoti, kanye nolunye ulwazi olungasadingeki.

Ngaphezu kwaleli thuluzi lokuhlanza, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uchithe njalo i-Recycle Bin bese usebenzisa izinketho zesitoreji se-Windows ukuze ususe amafayela esikhashana aqoqiwe. Uma isikhala sincane kudrayivu yesistimu, kulapho uhlelo lwememori oluzosebenza kahle khona kanye ne-disk cache izosebenza kahle khona.

Lungiselela izinhlelo zokuqala nezingemuva

Esinye sezitha ezinkulu ze-CPU kanye ne-cache ku-PC esetshenziswa nsuku zonke izinhlelo eziqala ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi zisebenze ngemuva: ama-synchronizer, ama-updaters, izinsiza ezincane esizisebenzisa kancane, njll. Nakuba zingase zibonakale zilula, ngayinye inezela imicu, imemori, ukufinyelela kuma-disk, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-cache.

Kusuka ku-Task Manager noma nge Ama-Sysinternals okulawula inquboKuthebhu ethi Ikhaya, kungenzeka khubaza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingadingekile ukuze uzivimbele ekulayisheni ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi, kuzilungiselelo Zobumfihlo, ungalawula ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivunyelwe ukusebenza ngemuva. Ukunciphisa lolu hlu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuqalisa kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthwalo oqhubekayo ku-CPU kanye ne-RAM.

Nciphisa imiphumela yezithombe nezaziso

Izithombe ezinyakazayo zamafasitela, ukucaca, kanye nokunye ukuhlotshiswa okubonakalayo kusebenzisa izinsiza. Kumakhompyutha amadala noma angenamandla kangako, kungaba yinzuzo ukulungisa izilungiselelo ze-Windows ukuze kubekwe phambili ukusebenza kunokubukeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinketho ezithuthukisiwe zesistimu, esigabeni sokusebenza, ngokukhetha ukucushwa okuthanda isivinini.

Ngokufanayo, izaziso ezengeziwe zingenza gcwalisa umsebenzisi kanye nethimbaUkukhubaza izexwayiso ezingadingekile akugcini nje ngokuhlanza ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kodwa futhi kuvimbela izinqubo zangemuva noma ukuhlola ukuthi kungaqaliswa kaningi.

Izindlela zamandla, ubusika, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu

I-Windows ifaka izinhlelo eziningana zamandla ezithinta ngqo indlela i-CPU ephathwa ngayo: ukuthi impilo yebhethri noma ukusebenza okumsulwa kubekwa phambili. Kuma-desktop nama-laptop axhunyiwe, ngokuvamile kungumqondo omuhle ukubuyekeza lezi zilungiselelo.

El ukuqala okusheshayo I-Fast Startup ihlanganisa izici zokuvala kanye nokuvala ukuze kusheshiswe izikhathi zokuqalisa ngokulayisha kusengaphambili ingxenye ye-kernel kanye nabashayeli ngaphambi kokuvala. Ukuyivumela kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuqalisa, yize kunconywa ukuyikhubaza okwesikhashana uma ibangela izinkinga ngezibuyekezo noma ukufinyelela kwe-BIOS.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona a uhlelo olufihliwe "lokusebenza okuphezulu" Lokhu kuphoqa i-CPU nezinye izingxenye ukuthi zingasebenzi kahle, kubeke phambili ukonga amandla. Ukuyivumela kunganikeza isikhala esengeziwe semisebenzi enzima, kodwa ngezindleko zokushisa okwandisiwe, umsindo wabalandeli, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ukuphathwa kahle kwesikhala nenkumbulo ohlelweni

Ngaphezu kokuhlanza nokulawula izinhlelo zokuhlala njalo, kunezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa kangcono izinsizakusebenza zekhompyutha, kanye ne-CPU kanye ne-disk cache.

Ukuba nedeskithophu egcwele izithonjana, izinqamuleli, amafolda, namafayela akuyona nje imfuhlumfuhlu ebonakalayo: I-Windows idinga ukuphatha konke lokho, okwengeza umthwalo womsebenzi owengeziwe. ideski elihlanzekile ngokwanele Ukuhlela amafayela abe amafolda ngaphakathi kwama-drive kuwumkhuba olula osiza endaweni elula.

Kuphinde kusize ukuthembela ezixazululweni zesitoreji samafu kumafayela athile, okunciphisa inani lesitoreji sendawo esisetshenziswayo. Uma lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlakanipha (ngaphandle kokuthembela ngokuphelele ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi), uhlelo lwendawo lungagcinwa lungasindwa kakhulu futhi lube nokuguquguquka okwengeziwe.

Ubuchwepheshe obuthile: I-ReadyBoost, i-overclocking kanye ne-hardware

Kumasistimu ane-hard drive yomshini kanye ne-RAM elinganiselwe, i-Windows ifaka ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-ReadyBoost, obukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise i-USB drive esheshayo njengohlobo lwe-cache eyengeziwe. Nakuba kungeyona i-magic bullet, kwezinye izilungiselelo inganikeza ukukhulisa ukusebenza. nciphisa ukucindezeleka okuthile kwidiski.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-spectrum, abasebenzisi abathuthukile bangakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-CPU abo ngokweqile besebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-Intel Extreme Tuning Utility (yama-processor angavuliwe). Ukwandisa isivinini sewashi kukhulisa ukusebenza, kodwa futhi kwandisa izinga lokushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngengozi yangempela yokungazinzi kanye nomonakalo uma i-voltage kanye nokupholisa kungaphathwa ngokucophelela.

Uma konke ukulungiswa kwesofthiwe kungaphumeleli, sekuyisikhathi sokucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe: ukufaka esikhundleni se-hard drive nge-SSD, ukwandisa i-RAM, noma ngisho shintsha iprosesa noma lonke uhlelo. I-SSD, ikakhulukazi, iguqula ukusebenza okubonwayo kohlelo, njengoba inciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokufinyelela kudiski, okuvumela i-disk cache kanye nememori ebonakalayo ukuthi zisebenze kahle kakhulu.

Ndawonye, ​​hlanganisa ukwakheka okuhle kwezakhiwo zedatha kanye namaphethini okufinyelela imemori Ukusebenzisa i-CPU cache ngokucushwa kwe-Windows ngokucophelela (okubuyekeziwe, okulula, ngaphandle kwemfucuza noma izinqubo ezingadingekile, ngohlelo lwamandla olufanele, futhi uma kudingeka, ngezinsiza ezincane ezifana ne-ReadyBoost noma ukuthuthukiswa kwehadiwe) kukuvumela ukuthi uthole okuningi kukhompyutha efanayo, ukufeza izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphendula ngokushesha kanye nohlelo oluzwakala lushesha kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo "somlingo" noma amaqhinga angavamile.