Ukuqina kwenethiwekhi ye-IoT kanye nokuhambisana nesiqondiso se-RED

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Ukuqhuma kwamadivayisi e -IoT kanye nomsakazo emakhaya, emafektri, emandleni, kwezempilo, kanye nasekuthuthweni kushintshe ngokuphelele indlela esixhumanisa ngayo… kanye nendawo yokuhlasela etholakala kubagebengu be-inthanethi. Yonke imitha ehlakaniphile, yonke into egqokwayo, kanye nayo yonke inzwa yezimboni, empeleni, iyindawo yokungena kunethiwekhi uma ingaklanywanga ngokuphepha engqondweni kusukela ekuqaleni.

Kulesi simo, ukuqinisa amanethiwekhi e-IoT ngaphansi kwe-Radio Equipment Directive (RED) kanye ne-Cyber ​​​​Resilience Act (CRA) ezayo sekuyinkinga ebalulekile kubakhiqizi, abahlanganisi, opharetha, nanoma iyiphi inkampani ethengisa imikhiqizo exhunyiwe e-European Union. Akukhona nje "ukuthobela amaphepha": izibopho zomthetho ezintsha zibeka izidingo ezithile zokuphepha kwe-cyber, ubumfihlo, kanye nokuvikelwa kokukhwabanisa okuthinta ukwakheka kwehadiwe, i-firmware, isofthiwe, ukuxhumana, kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu.

Uhlaka lwezomthetho lwaseYurophu: kungani i-RED ne-CRA zishintsha konke

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, i-IoT ikhule ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, ne-NFC, obuguqule imikhiqizo eminingi yaba amadivayisi omsakazo akwazi ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye kanye nefu. Kodwa-ke, ekuphepheni kwe-inthanethi, la madivayisi abhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu: izixazululo eziningi zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile zisantula ngisho nokuvikelwa okuncane kakhulu, futhi ezindaweni zezimboni nezokukhiqiza, kusenezikhala ezinkulu kokubili ekuphepheni kwe-IT kanye ne-OT.

Umthelela wezomnotho walesi simo unzima kakhulu: izindleko zomhlaba wonke zobugebengu be-inthanethi zazicishe zibe yi-5,5 trillion euros ngo-2020 ngokusho koMkhandlu we-EU, futhi izifundo zakamuva ezifana nalezo ezenziwe yiTrend Micro zibonisa ukuthi cishe ama-90% ezinkampani zamandla, uwoyela negesi zaseJalimane noma ezokukhiqiza ahlaselwe yi-inthanethi ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kuphela, kanye nomonakalo omaphakathi ocishe ube yizigidi ezintathu zama-euro enkampanini ngayinye.

Okwamanje, ukwanda kwezinto ezigqokwayo kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi aqhutshwa idatha, asebenzisa i-AI kugcizelele kakhulu ukubaluleka kokuvikela ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Imithetho efana ne-GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) noma i-R&TTE Directive yangaphambili 1999/5/EC ayiphumelelanga ekumbozeni izinhlobo zezinsongo ezibhekene namadivayisi axhunyiwe njengamanje, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber okuthuthukisiwe, ukukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi, kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwezinsizakalo.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-European Union iqinise i-Radio Equipment Directive (RED) 2014/53/EU , esebenza kusukela ngo-2016, eyathatha indawo ye-R&TTE. I-RED isivele ilawula ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic, ukuphepha kukagesi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-spectrum yomsakazo; manje, ihlanganisa nezibopho zokuphepha kwe-cyber ezingeni eliphezulu ezithinta imishini eminingi yomsakazo exhunyiwe, kufaka phakathi amadivayisi amaningi e-IoT.

Umthetho Odluliselwe (i-EU) 2022/30 kanye nezihloko 3(3)(d)-(f) RED

Ushintsho lwangempela lufike nge-Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30 , eyamukelwa mhla zingama-29 kuMfumfu 2021. Lo mthetho "uvuselela" i-Articles 3(3)(d), (e) kanye (f) ze-NET, echaza ukuthi yiziphi izigaba zemishini yomsakazo okumele zihambisane nezidingo ezintsha zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ubumfihlo kanye nokuvikelwa ekukhwabaniseni.

Indinganiso igxile emikhayeni eminingana yemikhiqizo ebucayi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ingxenye enkulu yesistimu yokusebenza yabathengi kanye nobungcweti be-IoT :

• Imishini yomsakazo exhunywe kwi-inthanethiNoma iyiphi idivayisi engaxhumana nenethiwekhi, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-smartphone, amathebhulethi, ama-router, amadivayisi e-IoT asekhaya, izinzwa zezimboni ezixhunyiwe, njll.
• Imishini yomsakazo yokunakekela izingane: imikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukuqapha noma ukusiza ekunakekelweni kwezingane ezincane kuphela, njengezikrini zezingane ezixhunyiwe.
• Imishini yomsakazo ehlanganiswe yi-Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/ECAmathoyizi anemisebenzi yomsakazo ekwazi ukurekhoda, ukugcina noma ukwabelana ngolwazi, ukusebenzisana nabasebenzisi (ikakhulukazi izingane) noma ahlanganisa amamakrofoni, izipikha noma izinzwa.
• Amadivayisi omsakazo agqokekayo: konke okuklanyelwe ukugqokwa ezingutsheni noma ngaphezulu kwazo, njenge-smartwatch, ama-tracker omsebenzi, ama-headset, ama-headphone noma izibuko ezihlakaniphile.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izigaba ezithile azifakiwe kulo mthetho ngoba sezivele zinezinhlaka zazo ezithile: amadivayisi ezokwelapha (Imithethonqubo (i-EU) 2017/745 kanye no-2017/746), imishini yezindiza zomphakathi, izinhlelo ze-electronic toll kanye namanye amadivayisi alawulwa yimithetho ehlukene yemikhakha futhi akhishwe emkhakheni we-RED.

Ekuqaleni, lezi zibopho ezintsha kwakufanele zisebenze kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNcwaba wezi-2024, kodwa iKhomishini yaseYurophu yanquma ukuhlehlisa usuku ngonyaka owodwa ukuze inike imboni isikhathi. Isikhathi esinqunyiwe esisha sokuthobela i-Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30 ngumhla lu-1 kuNcwaba wezi-2025. Abakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, kanye nama-OEM ahlanganisa amamojula omsakazo kufanele basebenzise lesi sikhathi ukulungisa imiklamo, ukuvikela izinqubo zokuthuthukisa, kanye nemibhalo yokuhambisana.

Izidingo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ubumfihlo kanye nokulwa nokukhwabanisa kunethiwekhi

Izihloko 3(3)(d), (e) kanye (f) ze-RED ziqukethe umongo wezimfuneko zokuphepha ezintsha, ezenzelwe ukunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokuxhumeka kwemishini yomsakazo, ikakhulukazi amadivayisi e-IoT.

Isigaba 3(3)(d) sikhuluma ngayo yonke imishini yomsakazo exhunywe kwi-inthanethi futhi sidinga ukuthi yakhelwe ukuze ingalimazi inethiwekhi noma imisebenzi yayo, isebenzise kabi izinsiza zenethiwekhi, noma yonakalise isevisi ngendlela engamukeleki . Empeleni, lokhu kuhilela izinyathelo zokuvimbela idivayisi esengozini ukuthi idilize isevisi, iqalise ukuhlasela kwe-DDoS, noma iphazamise ukutholakala kwamanethiwekhi abalulekile.

Isigaba 3(3)(e) sigxile ekuvikelweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu kanye nobumfihlo babasebenzisi nababhalisile. Sidinga ukuthi imishini yomsakazo ecubungula idatha yomuntu siqu ifake izindlela zokuvikela ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma ukudluliswa kolwazi okungafanele, isibonelo ngokulawula ukufinyelela okuqinile, ukubethela idatha ngesikhathi sokuthutha kanye nokuphumula, kanye nezimiso zokuklama ubumfihlo kanye nokunciphisa idatha.

Isigaba 3(3)(f) sethula izidingo ezithile zamadivayisi acubungula imali ebonakalayo noma amanani emali , okungukuthi, lawo ahilelekile ekukhokheni kwedijithali, izikhwama zemali zikagesi, noma imisebenzi efanayo. Lawa madivayisi kumele afake izilawuli zokukhwabanisa ezithuthukisiwe, njengezindlela eziqinile zokuqinisekisa umsebenzisi, ukuhlolwa kobuqotho bokuthengiselana, kanye nokutholwa kwemisebenzi esolisayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-athikili 4 ye-RED ikhuluma ngephuzu elibalulekile le-ecosystem ye-IoT : ukuhlanganiswa kwemishini yomsakazo nesofthiwe. Abakhiqizi kudingeka banikeze ulwazi mayelana nokuhambisana kwezingxenyekazi zehadiwe nesofthiwe ezihlosiwe, baqinisekise ukuthi, ngemva kokubuyekezwa noma ukuguqulwa kwesofthiwe, umkhiqizo uyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile zesiqondiso.

Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa: lokho okubhekwa njengemishini yomsakazo

Ukuze siqonde kahle ukuthi yini efakiwe kulezi zibopho, kumele sibuyele encazelweni yesiqondiso uqobo. Ngokusho kwe -Athikili 2(1) ye-RED , imishini yomsakazo ichazwa njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo kagesi noma we-elekthronikhi odlulisa futhi/noma owamukela amaza omsakazo ngezinjongo zokuxhumana ngomsakazo noma ukuzulazula ngomsakazo, noma odinga izesekeli (njenge-antenna) ukuze zenze kanjalo.

Le ncazelo ichazwa yizinto ezingafakwanga ku-Athikili 1(2), 1(3) kanye ne-Annex I , ezingafaki imishini ethile elawulwa ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Delegated Regulation 2022/30 inezela umbandela wokuthi idivayisi kumele ikwazi ukuxhuma kwi-inthanethi ukuze kusetshenziswe izidingo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi ze-Athikili 3(3)(d)-(f).

Empeleni, imikhiqizo eminingi enamakhono e-IoT kanye nokuxhumana okungenantambo okumakethwa e-EU izobe ingaphansi kwe-RED: kusukela ku-thermostat exhunyiwe kuya kusilawuli sezimboni esine-module yeselula, okuhlanganisa izinto ezigqokwayo, ama-router asekhaya, izikhulumi ezihlakaniphile noma izixazululo zokwakha ezihlakaniphile.

Izindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe EN 18031: imephu yobuchwepheshe

Ukuze kube lula ngabakhiqizi ukukhombisa ukuthobela imithetho, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yanika i-CEN kanye ne-CENELEC umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa amazinga obuchwepheshe ahumusha izidingo zomthetho zibe izilawuli eziqondile kanye nokuhlolwa. Lo msebenzi waholela ezindinganisweni ezihambisanayo zochungechunge lwe-EN 18031.

Kusukela ngoJanuwari 28, 2025, izindinganiso ezintathu ze-EN 18031 ziye zahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwe-RED , okuhlinzeka ngendlela ecacile yokuhlola ukuphepha kwe-cyber:

• EN 18031-1: ichaza izidingo zokuphepha kwe-inthanethi eziyisisekelo zemishini yomsakazo, okuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa, ukubethela, ukuphathwa kweziqinisekiso, izindlela zokuqalisa ezivikelekile, kanye nezinqubo zokubuyekeza i-firmware.
• EN 18031-2Igxile ekuvikeleni ubumfihlo bamaqembu aphatha idatha yomuntu siqu noma yendawo, ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa idatha, ukulawula abasebenzisi, kanye nokuvikela ekuvuvukeni.
• EN 18031-3Ibhekana nokuphepha kwamadivayisi ahilelekile ekukhokheni kwedijithali kanye nemali ebonakalayo, iqinisa ubuqotho bokuthengiselana kanye nokuvikelwa ekukhwabaniseni.

Noma kunjalo, "ukumane uthikhe ibhokisi" ukuze uhambisane nendinganiso akwanele . Ezinye izigaba kulezi zindinganiso zinemikhawulo futhi azihlanganisi zonke izimo. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo evumela ukusebenza ngaphandle kwephasiwedi eyimpoqo, engenazo izilawuli zabazali ezanele, noma enikeza izilungiselelo zokuphepha ozikhethela zingadinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe noma ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, isincomo siwukubandakanya uMzimba Owaziswayo . Lezi zinhlangano, eziqokwe yiZizwe Ezingamalungu, zinesibopho sokwenza ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana lapho kudingeka umuntu wesithathu ozimele. IKhomishini igcina uhlu olusemthethweni lweMizimba Ewaziswayo, futhi ukusebenzisana nomunye wabo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ezithile, ngisho nalapho ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwezindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe kunganele.

Umthetho we-RED kanye ne-Cyber ​​​​Resilience: ukugqagqana kanye nomugqa wesikhathi

UMthetho Wokumelana Ne-Cyber ​​​​(CRA) wengeza olunye ungqimba lokulawula ohlelweni lwezokuphepha kwe-cyber lwaseYurophu. Ububanzi bawo bubanzi kakhulu kunoboMthetho we-RED, njengoba usebenza cishe kuyo yonke "imikhiqizo enezinto zedijithali": ama-chip, isofthiwe, amadivayisi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, njll., ezihlanganisa yonke impilo, kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekubuyekezweni nasekuphathweni kobuthakathaka.

I-CRA isungula izidingo eziyisisekelo njengesibopho sokunikeza izibuyekezo zokuphepha iminyaka eminingana (imibhalo ebhalwe iminyaka emihlanu njengereferensi), kanye nezibopho ezithile zokuphathwa kobuthakathaka, ukudalulwa okunesibopho, ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kanye nokubika izehlakalo. Imikhiqizo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinezinhlelo ezahlukene zokuthobela imithetho: ukuzihlola kwemikhiqizo engeyona ebalulekile, ukuhlolwa komuntu wesithathu noma ukusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso ze-Critical Class I, kanye nokuhlolwa yinhlangano kazwelonke ye-Critical Class II.

Kuze kube manje, i-CRA isivele ifinyelele esivumelwaneni sezepolitiki ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zaseYurophu , yize izidingo zayo eziyinhloko ngeke zisetshenziswe kuze kube cishe iminyaka emithathu ngemuva kokuqala kwayo ukusebenza. Kodwa-ke, izibopho zokubika ubuthakathaka kanye nezehlakalo ze-inthanethi zingase ziqale ukusebenza ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2025, okuzophoqa izinkampani eziningi ukuthi ziqinise izinqubo zazo zokuphendula ezigamekweni.

Kukhona ukufana okucacile phakathi kwe-RED ne-CRA: imishini eminingi yomsakazo nayo iyimikhiqizo enezingxenye zedijithali . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-CRA ifaka izinhloso ezifanayo zokuphepha kwe-cyber njenge-Articles 3(3)(d)-(f) RED. Kodwa-ke, iphuzu elibalulekile umugqa wesikhathi: izibopho ngaphansi kwe-RED kanye noMthethonqubo wayo Odluliselwe zizoqala ukusebenza ngomhlaka-1 Agasti 2025, kanti ingxenye enkulu ye-CRA izoqala ukusebenza kamuva.

Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi umenzi wama-thermostat axhunyiwe oqala umkhiqizo ngoSepthemba 2025 kuzodingeka azihlole yena ngokwakhe maqondana nezidingo ze-RED (noma athembele kuMzimba Onolwazi). Kamuva, lapho i-CRA isebenza ngokugcwele, kungase kudingeke benze ukuhlolwa kwesibili ngaphansi kwalolo hlaka, yize kulindeleke ukuhlangana okuthile: izidingo ze-RED zingase zibe yingxenye yezidingo ze-CRA, zenze kube lula ukusetshenziswa kabusha kobufakazi kanye nemibhalo.

Ukuqina kobuchwepheshe kwamanethiwekhi namadivayisi e-IoT

Ngale kokuthobela imithetho, ukuqinisa inethiwekhi ye-IoT kudinga indlela ephelele yezinhlelo . Ukuvikela idivayisi noma ifu kuphela akwanele: ihadiwe, i-firmware, ukuxhumeka, ama-API, i-backend, kanye nokusebenza konke kumele kucatshangelwe.

Izindlela zokuzivikela zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi imikhuba esivele ihambisana nezidingo ze-EN 18031, ETSI EN 303 645 noma i-NIST 8259:

• Ukuqinisekiswa okuvikelekile kwe-boot kanye ne-firmware: ukuvimbela ukwenziwa kwekhodi engagunyaziwe ekuqaleni kwedivayisi, ukuqinisekisa ukusayinwa kwe-cryptographic nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho be-firmware.
• Ukuqina kwezindawo zokusebenzelanaKhubaza amachweba nezinsizakalo ezingadingekile, amanethiwekhi ezingxenye, futhi uvikele izixhumi zokuphatha ngokuqinisekisa okuqinile, futhi lapho kungenzeka, ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe.
• Ukubethela kokuxhumana: sebenzisa amaphrothokholi esimanje njenge-TLS 1.2+ noma i-1.3 kuyo yonke ithrafikhi yedatha, okuhlanganisa i-telemetry, imiyalo yokulawula kanye neziteshi zokuphatha.
• Ukuphathwa kweziqinisekiso okuqinile: susa iziqinisekiso ezizenzakalelayo, phoqelela ushintsho ekusetshenzisweni kokuqala, sebenzisa izinqubomgomo zephasiwedi ezinamandla bese ufaka, lapho kufaneleka khona, izindlela zokuqinisekisa izici eziningi.
• Izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo nezivikelekile: sungula izinqubo zokubuyekeza ze-OTA (Over-the-Air) ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-cryptographic, iziteshi ezibethelwe kanye nekhono lokubuyisela emuva uma kwenzeka kwehluleka.
• Ukuphepha kwe-API: qinisekisa futhi ugunyaze zonke izingcingo zezinkampani zangaphandle, khawulela izimvume usebenzisa izimiso zelungelo elincane, kanye nokufinyelela kokuhlola izinsiza ezibalulekile.
• Ukuqapha nokuziphatha kanye nokuhlaziya: Sebenzisa izixazululo zokuthola okungavamile, ezivame ukunikezwa amandla yi-AI, ukuze uthole ukuziphatha okungavamile kwamadivayisi, ukugcwala kwethrafikhi, noma amaphethini ajwayelekile e-malware.
• Ukuphepha kwe-Supply chain: qinisekisa umsuka wezingxenye zehadiwe nesofthiwe, wenze ukuhlaziywa kwe-firmware futhi ufune iziqinisekiso zokuphepha ezivela kubaphakeli.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubumfihlo kumele buhlanganiswe ngokomdabu . Lokhu akubandakanyi nje kuphela ukubethela idatha, kodwa futhi nokunciphisa ulwazi oluqoqwe, ukunikeza izilungiselelo zomsebenzisi ezicacile, ukugwema ukulandelela okungadingekile, kanye nokuvumelanisa ukucutshungulwa kwedatha nezimiso ze-GDPR, ngokuklama nangokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuthobela okusebenzayo i-RED: izinqubo ezibalulekile kanye nama-ejenti

Kubakhiqizi, ukuthobela i-RED kanye ne-Delegated Regulation 2022/30 akuyona nje inkinga yobunjiniyela , kodwa futhi kungenye yezinqubo kanye nokuphatha. Kunconywa ukuba nemephu ecacile yayo yonke imikhiqizo ethintekile, ukwakheka kwayo, idatha abayiphathayo, kanye nemisebenzi yokukhokha noma yokwenza imali engase ibangele izidingo ze-Article 3(3)(f).

Ezimweni eziningi, ukuzihlola kungenziwa , uma nje umkhiqizo uklanywe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe futhi kugcinwa imibhalo yobuchwepheshe eqinile. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi noma lapho indinganiso ingahlanganisi ngokugcwele icala lokusetshenziswa, ukusebenzisa i-Notified Body kunikeza isiqiniseko sezomthetho nezobuchwepheshe.

Ngenkathi imboni ilinde ukuvuthwa kwezindinganiso ezivumelanisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola ze-CRA, kuye kwavela izinhlelo ezifana ne-PSA Certified , ezinikeza izinhlaka zesitifiketi ezihambisana nemithethonqubo emisha (i-RED, i-CRA, kanye ne-PSTI yase-UK). I-PSA Certified Level 1, isibonelo, ifaka isigaba sokulawula esizinikele lapho abakhiqizi bangabhala khona ukuhambisana kwabo nezidingo zomthetho futhi bathumele leyo mibhalo ukuze ibukezwe ngokuzimela.

Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo, ezihambisana nemikhuba emihle yomhlaba wonke njenge-EN 303 645 kanye ne-NIST 8259 , zivumela ama-OEM, abahlinzeki besofthiwe kanye nabakhiqizi be-chip ukuthi bathuthuke esikhathini esizayo, behlanganisa kusukela manje izilawuli ezidingekayo yi-RED kanye ne-CRA kanye nezinye izinhlaka zikazwelonke.

Amapulatifomu e-IoT, izibuyekezo, kanye nokuphathwa kwemikhumbi

Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuqinisa amanethiwekhi e-IoT yikhono lokuphatha amadivayisi amakhulu ngaphakathi . Ngaphandle kwepulatifomu yokuphatha eqinile, ukusebenzisa ama-patches, izitifiketi ezijikelezayo, noma ukuthola ukuziphatha okusolisayo kuba cishe akunakwenzeka ngezinga elikhulu.

Kule ndawo, izixazululo eziphelele ze-IoT ezihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwedatha, ukuphathwa kwamadivayisi, izibuyekezo zasemoyeni (i-OTA), kanye namakhono e-AI okwenza izinqumo ziya ngokuya zibaluleke kakhulu. Izici ezifana nokuqinisekiswa kwe-SSL okuhlangene, ukujikeleziswa kwesitifiketi okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nezibuyekezo ze-firmware ezivikelekile ziqinisa kokubili indawo yokugcina kanye nenethiwekhi.

Amanye amapulatifomu ahlanganisa namathuluzi okuphepha kwe-inthanethi aqondene ne-IoT, okuhlanganisa ukuphepha kwesikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokuhlaziywa kobuthakathaka okuqhubekayo . Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubona ukuphambuka kokuziphatha kumadivayisi asetshenzisiwe, ukuthola ubuthakathaka ngaphambi nangemva kokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, kanye nokubeka phambili izenzo zokunciphisa.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lawa mapulatifomu asebenza njengesisekelo samamodeli ebhizinisi asekelwe ekunikezelweni kwezinsizakalo : ukwenza imali ngedatha, amamodeli okubhalisela, izinsizakalo ezithuthukisiwe ezisekelwe ku-AI/ML, njll. Ngakho-ke, umzamo otshalwe ekuthobeleni i-RED kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ubungozi kodwa futhi kuvula umnyango wemithombo emisha yemali engenayo kanye neminikelo eyengeziwe.

Lonke lolu hlelo, uma luklanywe ngendlela ecatshangelwe kahle, lubonisa ukuzibophezela okucacile ekuphepheni nasekulawulweni ngabakhiqizi kanye nabahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe, into ebaluleke kakhulu kumakhasimende okugcina kanye nabalawuli ngokufanayo.

Izinkampani zokuhlola, izitifiketi, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhlola ukuhambisana nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile, zinikeza ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ngisho nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ku-RED, CRA, kanye neminye imithethonqubo. Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bazo kungasheshisa kakhulu indlela yokufunda yezinhlangano ezibhekene nalolu hlaka lokulawula okokuqala.

Ngamafuphi, ukuqina kwamanethiwekhi e-IoT ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-RED kanye ne-CRA yesikhathi esizayo kudinga ukucabanga kabusha ngokuklama kwemikhiqizo exhunyiwe, ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa okuphephile, ukuqapha, kanye nokuvuselela izinqubo, kanye nokuqonda kahle ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye ingena kanjani ku-labyrinth yemithethonqubo yaseYurophu. Labo abazobhekana nale nselele ngokushesha bazoba sesimweni esingcono sokunciphisa izingozi, bagweme izinhlawulo, futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, basebenzise ithuba lokuzihlukanisa ngokuphepha, ukwethembana, kanye nekhwalithi emakethe ye-IoT ekhulayo.