- Ukuqhathanisa okuningiliziwe phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-Raspberry Pi ne-Arduino ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-sensor node kanye nezikhungo zokulawula ezihlanganisiwe.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwamapulatifomu esofthiwe avulekile angcono kakhulu njenge-Home Assistant, i-OpenHAB kanye ne-Domoticz yokuphathwa kwekhaya.
- Ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa bendawo kusetshenziswa amamodeli olimi kanye nombono wekhompyutha ku-Raspberry Pi 5.
Wake waphupha ngekhaya lakho lilindele izidingo zakho? Cabanga ngezibani zikhanya ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ungena ekamelweni noma i-thermostat yakho ivumelana nemikhuba yakho. Ngenxa yamabhodi afana ne- Raspberry Pi 5 , ukusetha uhlelo lokuzenzakalela ekhaya akuseyona eyabonjiniyela be-NASA kuphela, futhi akudingi ukuchitha imali eningi ezixazululweni zezentengiselwano ezivame ukulinganiselwa futhi ezivaliwe.
Isiko lokuzenzela (i-DIY) livule ukufinyelela kwezobuchwepheshe ngokwentando yeningi, okuvumela noma yimuphi umthandi onelukuluku elincane ukudala uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lwe-ecosystem. Kusukela kuzinzwa zokushisa ezilula kuya kubasizi bezwi abayinkimbinkimbi abacubungula yonke into endaweni ukuze bavikele ubumfihlo, amathuba awapheli uma sazi ukuthi singahlanganisa kanjani ihadiwe efanele nesofthiwe efanele.
Ihadiwe Ebalulekile: i-Raspberry Pi noma i-Arduino?
Uma uqala uhambo lokuzenzakalela ekhaya, kuphakama umbuzo ojwayelekile: yiliphi ibhodi okufanele ulikhethe? Impendulo emfushane ukuthi incike emgomweni wakho . I-Arduino iyigugu eliyinhloko uma udinga ukulawulwa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane. Ilungele ukudala ama-node enzwa akude asebenza ngebhethri, njengoba uhlelo lwayo lwe-C/C++ luqinile kakhulu futhi lubekezelela kahle izindawo ezinzima.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i -Raspberry Pi iyikhompyutha encane ephelele. Ngenkathi i-Arduino iphatha "isenzo" esisheshayo, i-Pi isebenza njengobuchopho obuphakathi . Ngenxa yesistimu yayo yokusebenza esekelwe ku-Linux kanye namaphini e-GPIO, ingaphatha izizindalwazi, ikhonze izixhumi zewebhu, futhi ixhumanise amadivayisi amaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngamafuphi: sebenzisa i-Arduino kuma-sensor kanye ne-Pi njengehabhu elawula konke.
Ukuze uqale kahle, uzodinga ikhithi eyisisekelo. I -multimeter yedijithali ibalulekile ukuvimbela ama-short circuits, njengoba kunjalo ngensimbi yokunamathisela yokwenza ukuxhumana, futhi-ke, izingxenye ezifana nama-relay, ama-motion sensor (PIR), ama-photoresistor, kanye nama-LED strips. Uma usebenzisa i-Raspberry Pi 5, khumbula ukuthi idla kakhulu ugesi, ngakho-ke ugesi ongu-27W kanye nesistimu yokupholisa esebenzayo kubalulekile ukuvimbela ibhodi ekushiseni ngokweqile.
Isofthiwe Engcono Kakhulu Yokuphatha Ikhaya Lakho
Uma ungafuni ukuhlela yonke imigqa yekhodi kusukela ekuqaleni, kunezinkundla ezivulekile ezenza impilo yakho ibe lula kakhulu. I-Home Assistant ngokungangabazeki ingumholi ongaphikiswa. Iguquguquka kakhulu, inikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuzenzakalela kwekhaya kanye ne-Home Assistant ye-Raspberry Pi, futhi ihlangana cishe nayo yonke into: kusukela kuma-bulb e-Philips Hue kuya ezinhlelweni ze-Sonos noma ze-Zigbee. Amandla ayo okuzenzakalela ayamangalisa.
Kunezinye izindlela ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ufunani. I-OpenHAB idume ngokuqina kwayo kanye nomphakathi omkhulu, kuyilapho i-Domoticz ivelele ngokuba lula kakhulu, ilungele uma usebenzisa amamodeli amadala noma alinganiselwe e-Raspberry Pi. Uma ufuna okuthile okuqondiswe kakhulu ekuphathweni kwemidiya kanye nethiyetha yasekhaya kuhlanganiswe nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya, i-LinuxMCE iyindlela endala esasebenza kahle.
Kulabo abathanda izixhumi ezibonakalayo noma ezikhethekile, i-Calaos inikeza uhlelo lokusebenza oluphelele olunokusekelwa kwesikrini sokuthinta, yize imibhalo yayo eminingi ingesiFulentshi. Siphinde sibe ne -Jeedom , enhle kakhulu ekulawuleni izibani kanye ne-multimedia, kanye ne -PiDome , ekhanya ngephaneli yayo yokulawula engenziwa ngokwezifiso lapho ungaqapha khona izinga lokushisa lebhodi kanye nesimo samagajethi akho ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa Bendawo obune-Raspberry Pi 5
Ukwethulwa kwe-Raspberry Pi 5 kube yinto eshintsha kakhulu. Manje sesingakwazi ukusebenzisa amamodeli e-AI ayinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuthumela idatha eyodwa efwini, okuqinisekisa ubumfihlo obuphelele. Enye iphrojekthi eyinhloko ukudala umsizi wezwi wendawo ngokuhlanganisa i-Whisper (ukuze iqaphele lokho okushoyo), i-Ollama (esebenza njengobuchopho, iqonde inhloso yakho), kanye ne -Piper (ukuze i-Pi ikwazi ukuphendula kuwe ngezwi lemvelo ngesiSpanishi).
Amandla e-Pi 5 avumela ukubambezeleka okwamukelekayo, kuthatha imizuzwana emi-2 noma emi-3 kuphela ukucubungula umyalo onjengokuthi "setha izibani zegumbi lokuphumula zibe ngu-50%". Ngaphezu kwalokho, singasebenzisa umbono wekhompyutha sisebenzisa i-Frigate ne-YOLOv8. Lokhu kuguqula noma iyiphi ikhamera ye-IP ibe uhlelo oluhlakaniphile olukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komuntu, isilwane esifuywayo, noma imoto, okubangela izexwayiso kuphela lapho kwenzeka okuthile okubalulekile ngempela.
Uma ukhathazekile ngokusebenza, icebo ukusebenzisa amamodeli alinganiselwe , okuyizinguqulo ezicindezelwe zama-LLM. Isibonelo, sebenzisa i-TinyLlama ukuze uthole izimpendulo ezisheshayo bese ubhuka imodeli ye-Mistral 7B ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa okujulile. Ukuze wenze konke kube ngcono ngokugcwele, kunconywa ukuthi ufake ikhadi le-microSD esikhundleni se- USB SSD , ekhulisa isivinini sokufunda nokubhala ngokuphindwe kayishumi futhi ivimbele ukuphahlazeka kwesistimu.
Amaphrojekthi Asebenzayo Okuqala Namuhla
Uma usaqala, ungazami ukwakha i-Iron Man's Jarvis ngosuku lwakho lokuqala. Qala ngezinto ezilula. Uhlelo lokunisela oluzenzakalelayo olulinganisa umswakama wenhlabathi usebenzisa i-Arduino luyiphrojekthi efanelekile yokufunda ngalo. Ungakha futhi izibani zokuphepha ezisebenza kuphela uma zibona ukunyakaza noma ifeni evula ngokuzenzakalelayo uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu komkhawulo othile.
Uma uzizwa ukhululekile, yiyise ezingeni elilandelayo. Ungafaka iphaneli yokulawula isikrini sokuthinta odongeni usebenzisa isibonisi esihambisanayo kanye nomsizi wasekhaya. Ngale ndlela, ungabona isimo sendlu yakho yonke, isibikezelo sezulu, kanye namakhamera okuphepha ngaphandle kokufuna ifoni yakho yonke indlu. Enye iphrojekthi emnandi kakhulu yi- Smart Radio Assistant , esebenzisa i-SDR ukuguqula i-Pi ibe yidivayisi efinyeleleka kalula nge-walkie-talkie.
Kwabathanda kakhulu ukuzijabulisa, kukhona inketho yokudala iseva ezenzakalelayo ephelele ephatha amaphrothokholi ochwepheshe njenge-Z-Wave noma i-Zigbee. Lokhu kuvumela ikhaya lakho ukuthi libe nenethiwekhi ye-mesh, okusho ukuthi amadivayisi asebenza ndawonye ukwandisa isignali, asuse izindawo ezifile ze-Wi-Fi futhi enze uhlelo lonke luthembeke futhi luzinze kakhulu.
