- Thola izimpawu ezivamile zokwehluleka kwe-RAM bese uhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkinga zomzimba, zokucushwa, kanye ne-BMI.
- Hlanganisa i-Windows Memory Diagnostics ne-MemTest86/Memtest86+ ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa okujulile.
- Chaza amaphutha ngokwesikhathi, iphethini kanye nomongo, uthembele kumakhodi e-POST, BIOS kanye ne-ECC.
- Isebenzisa ukuvikela okuguquguqukayo kanye nokwembozwa kwesikhala, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokulungisa.
I-RAM ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ikhompyutha isebenze kahle: inquma ukuthi izinhlelo zivuleka ngokushesha kangakanani, ukuqina kwe-Windows, nokuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla ziyawa njalo yini. Uma i-RAM iqala ukwehluleka, izimpawu zingase ziphazanyiswe njengezinkinga zediski, iprosesa, noma ngisho nesofthiwe, ngakho-ke ukwazi ukuthi ungenza kanjani i -RAM diagnostic ethuthukisiwe cishe kubalulekile uma ufuna ukuqeda amaphutha ehadiwe angempela.
Nakuba iWindows ifaka phakathi i-RAM yayo futhi kukhona amathuluzi amahhala aziwayo njengeMemTest86 kanye neMemtest86+ , ukuxilongwa kochwepheshe kudlula kakhulu ukwenza isivivinyo esisheshayo bese kuthi "uma ingatholi amaphutha, konke kulungile." Izinhlelo eziningi ziyaphumelela ekuhlolweni okuyisisekelo futhi zisahlushwa yizikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphahlazeka okungahleliwe, ukonakala kwamafayela , kanye nezinye izinkinga ezingapheli ezivela kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zomthwalo, izinga lokushisa, noma ukucushwa. Kulesi sihloko, uzobona, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukuthi ungawathola kanjani ngokuphelele la maphutha anzima usebenzisa indlela eqinile kakhulu.
Izimpawu zezinkinga ze-RAM
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ngamathuluzi nezindlela zokusebenza, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezikhomba i-RAM engazinzile , ngoba ngokuvamile ukuziphatha kwekhompyutha ngokwayo sekuvele kunikeza izinkomba zokuthi inkinga ikuphi.
Esinye sezibonakaliso ezivame kakhulu ukuphahlazeka kwesistimu ngokuzumayo , ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo futhi ngaphandle kohlelo oluthile oluhlala luhluleka endaweni efanayo. Ikhompyutha iyama, igundane nekhibhodi aziphenduli, futhi akukho okunye ngaphandle kokuphoqa ukuvala. Ama-Blue Screens of Death (BSOD) nawo avame kakhulu ku-Windows , ikakhulukazi uma ikhodi yephutha ihlobene nememori, ukuphathwa kwekhasi, noma abashayeli abafinyelela kakhulu i-RAM.
Esinye isibonakaliso esicacile ukuqala kabusha kwekhompyutha okungalindelekile , ukuphahlazeka kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu (imidlalo, abahleli bamavidiyo, imishini ebonakalayo), noma izinhlelo ezivala ngaphandle komyalezo wephutha. Lokhu kungandiswa amafayela noma amaphutha onakele lapho kulondolozwa amadokhumenti , ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yedatha ebhalwe kabi ekugcineni elimaza okuqukethwe yidiski.
Kuvamile futhi ukuthi i-BIOS ikhiphe ama-error beep lapho ikhompyutha iqala ukusebenza, okubonisa izinkinga ze-RAM . Kuye nge-motherboard kanye nomkhiqizi, inombolo kanye nephethini yama-beep kubonisa amamojula angekho, ukungalingani, noma amaphutha okulingana. Ngisho nangaphandle kokuya ezimweni ezinje, uma uya esigabeni solwazi lwesistimu ku-Windows bese ubona ukuthi akuyona yonke i-RAM efakiwe eqashelwayo (isibonelo, une-16 GB futhi i-8 GB kuphela ebonakala isebenziseka), kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi enye yamamojula noma izikhala inephutha.
Akufanele kukhohlwe ukuthi i-RAM engalungiselelwe kahle ingadala nezinkinga: amaza aphezulu kakhulu, ama-voltage anganele, noma amaphrofayili e-XMP anamandla angadala ukungazinzi okuholela ekuqineni okuncane noma ukubambezeleka okungavamile lapho kuvulwa, kuvulwa izinhlelo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, noma kusebenza ngedatha enkulu.
Kungani ukuxilongwa okuyisisekelo kungatholakali kalula
Ezimweni eziningi, abasebenzisi bamane basebenzise isivivinyo esisheshayo bese becabanga ukuthi uma kungekho migqa ebomvu evelayo, i -RAM ilungile futhi inkinga ikwenye indawo . Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyiqiniso kancane: ukwehluleka okuthile kubonakala kuphela lapho izici eziningana zihlangana, njengomthwalo omkhulu, ukushisa okuqongelelekile, inhlanganisela ethile yemojula, noma ngisho nomsindo kagesi ovela ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla.
Amaphutha avame kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwe-RAM yendabuko ukusebenzisa izivivinyo ezimfushane kakhulu, kusetshenziswa ithuluzi elilodwa kuphela, ukungaphindi ama-pass, noma ukuhumusha kabi imiphumela. Ukugijima okufushane okukodwa kokuxilongwa kwe-Windows, isibonelo, kungase kuphuthelwe amaphutha avela kuphela ngemva kwamahora okusetshenziswa kakhulu noma ngamaphethini athile okufinyelela imemori.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga ezingabangelwa njalo yi-module ye-RAM ngokwayo: ukwehluleka kwe-RAM ngokomzimba kungaphambaniswa nokungazinzi kusilawuli sememori seprosesa (i-IMC), ukwakheka kwe-trace yebhodi lomama okungekuhle, noma ukucushwa kwe-BIOS okungalungile. Imbangela ngayinye idinga izixazululo ezahlukene, ngakho-ke, ukuhlonza kahle umthombo wenkinga kusindisa isikhathi esiningi sokuxilonga futhi kugwema ukuthengwa okungadingekile kwamamojula amasha angaxazululi lutho.
Ngakho-ke, uma uhlelo lubonisa ukungazinzi okungapheli noma amaphutha angahleliwe , ukuthembela kuphela ekuhlolweni okuyisisekelo akwanele. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi asezingeni eliphansi, ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yokusebenza ohlelweni, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwe-CPU ne-RAM okuxubile, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwezwe langempela ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okude ukuze kumenyezelwe ngokuzethemba ukuthi uhlelo luzinzile.
Izinhlobo zokwehluleka kwenkumbulo okufanele uzihlukanise
Isihluthulelo sokuxilongwa okuthuthukile ukuqonda ukuthi akuwona wonke amaphutha avela esivivinyweni asho ukuthi imodyuli iphukile. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwehluleka okuhlobene nenkumbulo okudingeka zihlukaniswe.
Okokuqala, kuneziphambeko ezibonakalayo kumojuli ye-RAM : amaseli anephutha, ama-chip alimele ukushisa ngokweqile, ama-solder joints awonakele, noma umonakalo ovela kugesi ongashintshi. Lawa maphutha avame ukuvela kumakheli ememori afanayo futhi aphindaphindwa njalo kunoma yiliphi ibhodi lomama elihambisanayo lapho ufaka khona imojuli enenkinga.
Okwesibili, sithola ukungazinzi okuhlobene nokucushwa , okuvamile kakhulu lapho amaphrofayili e-XMP/DOCP evulwa ngama-frequency anamandla kanye ne-latencies, i-RAM ivinjiwe, noma kusetshenziswa ama-voltage angaphandle kwemininingwane. Ngezinye izikhathi i-module ingaba nozinzo oluphelele kuma-frequency ajwayelekile e-JEDEC, kodwa uma iphoqelelwa ukuba ijubane likhuphuke, amaphutha amancane kanye nokuphahlazeka okungahleliwe kuyaqala.
Enye inkinga ivela ku- Integrated Memory Controller (IMC) yeprosesa . Isilawuli sememori esihlanganisiwe singaba sibi uma zonke izikhala zememori zigcwele, ngenhlanganisela ehlukene kakhulu yamamojula ememori, noma uma uzama ukufinyelela amaza aphezulu kakhulu ngezinti eziningi ezifakiwe. Kulesi simo, iphutha alikho ku-RAM noma kubhodi lomama uqobo, kodwa lihambisana nokulinganiselwa ngokomzimba kwesilawuli, esivame ukonakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nangokusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Akufanele sikhohlwe izinkinga zebhodi lomama , njengokuhlelwa kwememori okuklanywe kabi, izikhala ezinephutha, i-firmware esiphelelwe yisikhathi, noma ukungahambisani nemikhiqizo ethile namamodeli amamojula ememori. Kulezi zimo, ikhithi ye-RAM efanayo ingase isebenze kahle ebhodini lomama elilodwa futhi ibangele amaphutha angajwayelekile kwelinye, okuholela ekudidekeni okukhulu uma ubheka imojula ngokwayo kuphela.
Okokugcina, izici zemvelo ezifana nokushisa, ikhwalithi yamandla, nomsindo nazo zidlala indima . Ikhompyutha ingase iphumelele ukuhlolwa imizuzu embalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo bese iqala ukwehluleka ngemva kwamahora amaningana omthwalo osindayo, lapho kokubili i-RAM kanye ne-integrated circuit (IMC) kushisa futhi kusondela emikhawulweni yazo yokuzinza.
Amathuluzi okuxilonga inkumbulo ye-RAM: ayisisekelo nathuthukile
Ukuze wenze ukuxilongwa okuphelele, udinga ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi esistimu akhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nezinsiza zangaphandle ezisebenza ngaphandle kwe-Windows. Ngayinye inendima yayo, ukujula kokuhlaziya, kanye nemikhawulo yayo.
Ku-Windows, insiza efinyeleleka kakhulu yi -Windows Memory Diagnostic . Ungayiqalisa ngokucindezela ukhiye we-Windows + R, uthayiphe u- mdsched.exe bese uchofoza u-OK, noma ngokusesha ngqo i-"Memory Diagnostic" kumenyu yokuqala. Ukwenza kanjalo kuvula ibhokisi lengxoxo elinikeza ukuqala kabusha ukuze kuhlolwe izinkinga; ukuchofoza u-OK kuqalisa kabusha i-PC futhi kuqalisa ithuluzi elihlaziya imemori ngezivivinyo ezahlukene eziyisisekelo, ezijwayelekile, nezinwetshiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukuhlola kwe-Windows, ungacindezela inkinobho ethi F1 ukuze ufinyelele izinketho ezithuthukisiwe , lapho ukhetha khona uhlobo lokuhlola (oluyisisekelo, olujwayelekile, noma olunwetshiwe), ukhubaze ama-cache athile eprosesa ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe, bese ubuka ulwazi mayelana ne-RAM yakho efakiwe. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuvame ukuthatha cishe isigamu sehora, kanti ukuhlolwa okunwetshiwe kungathatha amahora amaningana, ikakhulukazi kumakhompyutha anememori eningi.
Uma ukuhlola sekuqediwe, uhlelo luyaqala kabusha, futhi uma kutholakale amaphutha, iWindows ibonisa isaziso esinemiphumela yokuxilonga . Ukuze ubukeze imininingwane, ungavula i-Event Viewer, uye ku-"System" log, sebenzisa inketho ethi "Filter current log", bese ukhetha "MemoryDiagnostics-Results" njengomthombo. Lapho uzobona okufakiwe okuhambisana nesimo sokuhlolwa nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinkinga ezitholakele noma cha.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuhlolwe ngobuchwepheshe, kuvamile ukusebenzisa amathuluzi asezingeni eliphansi njenge-MemTest86 noma i-Memtest86+ . I-MemTest86 ilandwa kusuka kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni, ibhalwe kudrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo, futhi isebenza ngqo kusuka kudrayivu ye-USB lapho i-PC iqala, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulayisha i-Windows. Yenza ukuhlolwa okuningi ngamaphethini edatha ahlukene, ama-bit sweep, kanye nama-algorithms aklanyelwe ukucindezela i-RAM futhi adalule ngisho namaphutha amancane kakhulu.
I-MemTest86+ iyiphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile eseyinesikhathi eside ikhona , futhi ebhuthwayo kusuka ku-USB, eye yathuthukiswa kakhulu ezinguqulweni zayo zakamuva ukuze ivumelane nehadiwe yesimanje: manje isekela ama-CPU akamuva e-Intel ne-AMD , ibona kangcono amaprosesa amaningi, ithuthukisa ukuhambisana nememori ye-DDR5, futhi ingafunda futhi ibonise izinga lokushisa lamamojula e-DDR5 ngesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwe intuthuko ekuhambisana ne-BadRAM, i-SPD, kanye nezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokulungiswa kwamaphutha kanye nokulungiswa kokusebenza.
Kuzinhlelo ze-Linux, unezinsiza ze-console zokuhlola inani elithile lememori esikhathini esibekiwe , futhi kukhona amaqoqo amathuluzi okusindisa afana ne-Hiren's BootCD noma i-Ultimate Boot CD ahlanganisa eziningana zalezi zinhlelo zokuxilonga endaweni eyodwa yokuqalisa. Umqondo uhlala ufana: ukuqhuba izivivinyo eduze kwehadiwe ngangokunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okuvela ohlelweni lokusebenza.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Windows Memory Diagnostics ngokuningiliziwe
Nakuba kungelona ithuluzi eliphelele kakhulu, i-Windows Diagnostics iwusizo kakhulu njengesihlungi sokuqala sokuthola izinkinga ezisobala ngaphandle kokufaka noma yini eyengeziwe. Kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze nezindlela zayo zokufinyelela ukuze uthole okuningi kukho.
Indlela esheshayo yokuyiqalisa ukungena ngemvume ku-Windows, cindezela i-Windows + R, thayipha u- mdsched.exe , bese ucindezela u-Enter. Iwindi lizovela likucela ukuthi ukhethe phakathi kokuthi “Qala kabusha manje bese uhlola izinkinga” noma “Hlola izinkinga ngesikhathi esizayo lapho ngiqala ikhompyutha yami.” Ukukhetha inketho yokuqala kuzokwenza uhlelo luqale kabusha ngokushesha futhi kulayishe ngokuzenzakalelayo ithuluzi kwimodi ejwayelekile.
Ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kuqhubeka, uzobona isikrini esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esibonisa inqubekela phambili yokuhlola, inani lamaphasi, kanye nendawo yememori eskenwayo. Ukusuka lapho, ungacindezela u-F1 ukuze ulungise izinketho ezithuthukisiwe: uhlobo lokuhlola (Okuyisisekelo, Okujwayelekile, Okunwetshiwe), inani lamaphasi, nokuthi kufanele yini usebenzise i-cache noma cha . Ukukhubaza i-processor cache kuphoqa konke ukufunda/ukubhala ukuthi kuye ngqo ku-RAM, okwenza ukuhlola kuhambe kancane kodwa kube okuphelele.
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuqhuba izivivinyo zememori eziyisithupha ezahlukene, ngasinye sinezindlela ezithile zokuthola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphutha, bese senza okunye ukusebenza okuphelele ngezivivinyo ezifanayo. Uma ufuna ukucacisa kakhudlwana, ungashintshela kumodi Enwetshiwe, ehlanganisa izivivinyo eziyi-11 ezahlukene futhi eyenzelwe ukuthola amaphutha angacacile kangako, ngezindleko zokuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Uma inqubo isiphelile, ikhompyutha iqala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi uma ungena ngemvume ku-Windows, uma kutholakale amaphutha, umlayezo wesexwayiso uzovela ngokuvamile obonisa ukuthi kutholakale izinkinga zememori . Uma ungaboni sixwayiso, usengahlola imiphumela ku-Event Viewer ngokuhlunga "Imiphumela ye-MemoryDiagnostics" njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili.
Uma ikhompyutha yakho ingaqali kahle futhi udinga ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo lokusebenza oluvela kwi- Windows Recovery Environment , ungayiphoqa ukuthi ifake kule modi ngokuvala i-PC yakho ngokuzumayo (ubambe inkinobho yamandla imizuzwana emi-5-10) njengoba nje amachashazi ejikelezayo evela ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, uphinda inqubo kabili. Ekuqaliseni kwesithathu, izongena kwimodi yokutakula. Ukusuka lapho, ku-"Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Command Prompt," ungaphinda usebenzise i-mdsched.exe bese uqhuba isivivinyo ungaphakathi kwendawo yokulungisa.
Ukusebenzisa i-MemTest86 kanye ne-Memtest86+ ukuthola ukuxilongwa okujulile
Uma ufuna ukuxilongwa kwe-RAM okuthuthukisiwe nokuthembekile , i-MemTest86 kanye ne-Memtest86+ cishe ziyizinga elijwayelekile. Inzuzo yazo enkulu ukuthi zisebenza ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza, zisebenzisana ngqo nehadiwe futhi zisebenzisa amaphethini okufinyelela acindezela kakhulu imemori.
Ukuze usebenzise i-MemTest86, qala ngokuyilanda kuwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni bese udala idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo usebenzisa isithombe esifakiwe (imageUSB.exe) . Mane nje usebenzise i-executable, khetha idrayivu ye-USB (kufanele ingabi nalutho, njengoba izosulwa), landela i-wizard, bese uma isidaliwe, lungiselela i-BIOS/UEFI yakho ukuze iqalise kuleyo drayivu ye-USB. Uma iqala kabusha, i-PC yakho izoqalisa i-MemTest86 esikhundleni se-Windows.
I-interface ye-MemTest86 ibonisa izivivinyo eziningana eziqhubekayo, futhi uma i-RAM yonakele, kuzovela imigqa yamaphutha abomvu ekhombisa ikheli, inani elilindelekile, kanye nenani elitholiwe . Kunconywa ukuyivumela ukuthi iqedele amaphasi amaningi agcwele, njengoba amanye amaphutha avela kuphela ngemva kwesikhathi esithile noma phakathi nezigaba ezithile zokuhlolwa.
Uma unamamojula amaningi (izinti) afakiwe, kuwumkhuba omuhle ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuwasusa: okokuqala uwahlole wonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi uma kukhona amaphutha, uwasuse ngalinye ngalinye uze uhlukanise elibangela izinkinga. Okungcono kakhulu, hlola imojula ngayinye ngokwehlukana, kusokhethi efanayo, enezilungiselelo ezifanayo, ukuze ubone ngokucacile ukuthi ngabe inkinga yemojula noma yesikhala.
I-Memtest86+ isebenza ngendlela efanayo kakhulu: ulanda inguqulo yakamuva, udale idrayivu ebhuthwayo, futhi izivivinyo zisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo uma uqala kuyo. Izinguqulo zamanje zifaka phakathi ukwesekwa kwamaprosesa anamuhla kanye nenkumbulo ye-DDR5 , ukutholwa okusheshayo kwama-CPU amaningi, imibiko yokushisa ye-DDR5, kanye nentuthuko eminingi ekuxilongweni kwe-badRAM, ukwesekwa kwe-SPD, kanye ne-serial console, konke lokhu kugcinwa ukusetshenziswa okuncane kwezinsizakusebenza futhi ngaphandle kokudinga uhlelo lokusebenza.
Womabili amathuluzi amahhala kunguqulo yawo eyisisekelo, futhi ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela ayinikezayo yanele ukufuna imodyuli ngaphansi kwewaranti. Abakhiqizi abaningi be-RAM banikeza iwaranti yempilo yonke futhi bakhokhela izindleko zokuthumela lapho imodyuli ifakazelwe ukuthi inephutha, ngakho-ke ukuba nezithombe-skrini ze-MemTest noma imibiko enamaphutha acacile kwenza inqubo ye-RMA ibe lula kakhulu.
Ukuhumusha kobungcweti kwamaphutha namakhodi
Ukubona nje amaphutha esivivinyweni akwanele ukuphetha ngokuthi "i-RAM iphukile." Ukuhlola okuthuthukisiwe kudinga ukuhumusha umongo wokwehluleka : ukuthi kuvela nini, iphethini yabo, ukucushwa, kanye nezimo zomthwalo noma izinga lokushisa.
Isibonelo, uma i-MemTest86 iqala ukukhombisa amaphutha kusenesikhathi, emizuzwini embalwa yokuqala yokuhlolwa , inkinga ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokucushwa okunamandla kakhulu: imvamisa ye-RAM engaphezu kwemingcele esekelwayo, ukubambezeleka okuqinile kakhulu, amaphrofayili e-XMP asetshenziswe ngendlela engafanele, noma ama-voltage anganele. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwehlisa imvamisa kumanani ajwayelekile e-JEDEC noma ukukhulula ukubambezeleka kancane kwenza amaphutha anyamalale ngokuphelele.
Uma kuvela amaphutha kamuva, ngemva kwamahora amaningana okuhlola noma kuphela phakathi nezigaba ezithile , ukuwohloka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukunyakaza kwe-electro ngokuvamile kuyimbangela. I-RAM ne-IMC ziyashisa, ukuziphatha kwazo kagesi kuyashintsha kancane, futhi uma umkhawulo wokuzinza ubuqinile, weqa umugqa bese kwenzeka amaphutha. Lena inkinga evamile ezinhlelweni ezinomoya ophansi noma ukuvalelwa ngokweqile okuqhubekayo.
Amaphutha angahleliwe ngempela, angahlali evelela ekhelini elifanayo lememori noma alandele iphethini ecacile, avame ukukhomba umsindo kagesi, izinkinga zokunikezwa kwamandla, ukungazinzi kwe-IMC, noma i-microcode ye-BIOS engakavuthwa . Kulezi zimo, kuyalulekwa ukuhlola inguqulo ye-BIOS, ubuyekeze uma kukhona i-firmware entsha, bese uqinisekisa ukuthi awusebenzisi inguqulo ye-beta enamaphutha okuphathwa kwememori aziwayo.
Amabhodi e-motherboard anamuhla anikeza usizo olubalulekile ngamakhodi e-POST, ama-LED okuxilonga, namakhodi e-beep . Ikhodi ethile ye-hexadecimal esikrinini se-POST, i-LED eqinile esiteshini sememori, noma ukulandelana okuthile kwe-beep kungabonisa noma yini kusukela ekungatholakali kwemodule yememori kuya kumaphutha okulingana noma ukungahambelani phakathi kwe-RAM nebhodi le-motherboard. Ukubonisana nencwadi yemiyalelo yebhodi le-motherboard noma isisekelo solwazi lomenzi kubalulekile ekuchazeni kahle la makhodi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni zobungcweti ezinememori ye-ECC (Error-Correcting Code) , izibalo zamaphutha angalungiswa nangalungiswa ziyithuluzi lokuxilonga elinamandla kakhulu. Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwamaphutha alungisiwe kumojuli ethile, noma ngabe uhlelo lusabonakala lusebenza kahle, kuyisixwayiso sokuthi leyo nduku iyawohloka futhi kufanele ishintshwe ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukudala amaphutha angalungiswa kanye nokonakala okubonakalayo.
Ukuxilongwa kokuhlukaniswa: imodyuli, i-slot, i-IMC kanye nebhodi
Ukuze kufinyelelwe ekuxilongweni kochwepheshe, inqubo yokuhlukaniswa ehlelekile ivame ukusetshenziswa , ehlukanisa izakhi ezahlukene zeketanga: i-RAM module, i-motherboard slot, isilawuli sememori ye-CPU kanye nendawo (izinga lokushisa, ukunikezwa kwamandla, njll.).
Isinyathelo sokuqala esivamile ukushiya uhlelo lusesimweni esilula kakhulu : imojuli eyodwa ye-RAM, ebekwe kusokhethi eyinhloko enconywe umenzi (ngokuvamile ekhonjiswa encwadini yemiyalelo njenge-DIMM_A2 noma efanayo) kanye ne-BIOS enamanani ahlanzekile, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwe-XMP, ngaphandle kokudlula ngokweqile, ngaphandle kokushintsha kwamandla kagesi noma ukubambezeleka.
Uma uhlelo seluvele lubonisa amaphutha ku-MemTest86 noma ku-Memtest86+ ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezincane, kungenzeka ukuthi imoduli ye-RAM yonakele ngokomzimba noma i-slot ethile inenkinga . Ukuze kuqedwe lokhu, imoduli efanayo iyahlolwa kwezinye i-slot, bese imoduli eyaziwayo iyahlolwa ku-slot esolwayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokuqiniseka okunengqondo ukuthi inkinga iku-RAM noma i-slot ye-motherboard.
Uma imojuli eyodwa izinzile futhi i-motherboard ingakhombisi izinkinga nganoma iyiphi induku ngayinye, kodwa amaphutha aqala lapho kufakwa amamojuli amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa (isibonelo, amane esikhundleni samabili), inkinga ivame ukuxazululwa ngokubheka imojuli yememori ehlanganisiwe yeprosesa (i-IMC) kanye ne-topology yememori ye-motherboard. Amanye ama-CPU nama-chipset awaphathi kahle izinhlanganisela ezithile zomthamo, inani lamamojuli, kanye nemvamisa, futhi kuleso simo, amapharamitha adinga ukulungiswa: yehlisa i-MHz, yandisa kancane i-voltage ye-IMC noma ye-RAM, noma yehlisa inani lamamojuli asetshenzisiwe.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ukuhambisana kwangempela kwe-RAM nebhodi lomama . Abakhiqizi abaningi bashicilela uhlu lwabathengisi abafanelekile (ama-QVL) oluchaza amamojula namakhithi ahlolwe futhi aqinisekisiwe ukuthi azosebenza naleyo modeli ethile. Nakuba ukungabi kulolu hlu akusho ukuthi i-RAM ngeke isebenze, ukunamathela kulezi zincazelo kunciphisa kakhulu ukwenzeka kokungalingani okucashile.
Uma ngemva kwazo zonke lezi zinyathelo i-RAM ibonakala isebenza kahle, kodwa uhlelo luhlala lungazinzile, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngezinye izici: i-beta BIOS, abashayeli abanephutha, amaphutha ohlelweni lwamafayela, amadiski anemikhakha emibi, noma ngisho nokonakala kwe-Windows uqobo . Ngokuvamile, ukulungiswa kohlelo (kusetshenziswa imiyalo efana ne-sfc /scannow noma i-DISM) kanye nokuvuselelwa okuphelele komshayeli kanye ne-firmware kuxazulula ukuphahlazeka okwakubonakala sengathi kubangelwa izinkinga ze-RAM kodwa empeleni kwakubangelwa izinkinga zesofthiwe.
Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukulungiswa, kanye nokuhambisana ne-RAM
Ngaphezu kokuxilongwa kwesofthiwe, uchwepheshe omuhle uhlala ehlola ngokomzimba amamojula e-RAM kanye nezikhala , ngoba kuneziphambeko ezingatholakali kalula ngamathuluzi azenzakalelayo kodwa ezibonakala ngeso lenyama.
Ngokususa ngokucophelela amamojula (njalo ukhipha noma yimuphi ugesi ongashintshi kusengaphambili), ungahlola ukuthintana kwegolide akuboli, ukungcola, ukuguguleka, noma izimpawu zokusha . Kunconywa futhi ukuhlola ama-chips kanye ne-PCB ezinhlangothini zombili, ubheke izindawo ezimnyama ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile, izingxenye ezikhululekile, noma umonakalo womshini ngenxa yokushayisana noma ukuphathwa kabi.
Indlela elula kodwa ephumelelayo yokulungisa iwukuhlanza othintana nabo nge- eraser emhlophe noma, okungcono nakakhulu, nge-isopropyl alcohol kanye ne-cotton swab . Lokhu kususa izinsalela zamafutha, uthuli, noma ukungcola okungaphazamisa ukuxhumana okuhle kukagesi phakathi kwe-module kanye ne-socket. Ukwenza okufanayo ngezikhala, usebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe, kusiza ukuvimbela othintana nabo ngezikhathi ezithile okubangelwa ukungcola okuqongelelekile.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amamojula abekwe kahle ezindaweni zawo . Akuvamile ukuthola ama-PC aqhunyiwe noma athuthiwe, lapho ithebhu esokhethini ivuleke kancane, okushiya induku ivele kancane futhi ibangele amaphutha ngezikhathi ezithile noma ukukhala kwe-BIOS lapho iqala ukusebenza.
Ngokuhambisana, ukuxuba amamojula anamakhono ahlukene, izinhlobo, isivinini, kanye nokubambezeleka kungasebenza, kodwa futhi kungaba yindlela yokungazinzi. Ngisho noma konke, isibonelo, kuyi-DDR4, ukuhlanganisa imojula engu-2133 MHz nemojula engu-3200 MHz kuphoqa lonke uhlelo ukuthi luvumelanise nemvamisa evamile, ngezinye izikhathi ngokubambezeleka okungafanele. Ngezinye izikhathi uhlelo luyazivumelanisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokuma okungahleliwe noma ukusebenza okungaguquki kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, noma nini lapho kungenzeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-RAM kit ahlanganiswe efektri aklanyelwe ukusebenza ndawonye ku-dual noma ku-quad channel futhi ahlolwe kusengaphambili. Ukuhlola incwadi yemiyalelo yebhodi lakho le-motherboard ukuze ufake amamojula ku-slots ezifanele (ngokuvamile i-slots eshintshana ye-dual channel) kubalulekile ukuze uhlelo lusebenzise yonke imemori ngendlela ephumelelayo nezinzile.
Amaphutha athule, ukuzinza kwangempela, kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu
Esinye sezici ezibucayi kakhulu zokuxilonga inkumbulo ukuthi uhlelo lungasebenza kahle izinsuku noma amasonto yize kwenzeka amaphutha athule ngemuva, ikakhulukazi uma amathuluzi afana ne-ECC engasetshenziswa ukuwathola nokuwalungisa.
La maphutha athule angabangela noma yini kusukela ekonakaleni okuncane kumafayela angasetshenziswa njalo kuya ekuhlulekeni okukhulu kakhulu kudathabheyisi, imishini ebonakalayo, noma amaphrojekthi wokuhlela amavidiyo nezithombe abonakala ewonakele ngokuzumayo. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho ubuqotho bedatha bubalulekile khona, ukuhlolwa kwememori kuvame ukuhlanganiswa namathuluzi okuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha , amakhophi aphindaphindwayo, kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuvamile.
Ezweni lobuchwepheshe, uhlelo alubhekwa njengoluzinzile kuze kube yilapho seludlule amathuluzi amaningi okuhlola inkumbulo, ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe kokucindezeleka kwe-CPU ne-RAM, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa okujulile emhlabeni wangempela , kuwo wonke amahora afanele. Akukhona nje ukudlula isilinganiso kanye, kodwa mayelana nokubonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezinsuku zokusebenza ezinde, amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile, kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene, uhlelo alubonisi zimpawu zokungazinzi.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ngemva kokuxilonga nokulungisa izinkinga ze-RAM zifaka phakathi ukugwema ukusebenzisa i-overclocking enkulu uma ungayazi, ukugcina i-BIOS yakho kanye nabashayeli kusesikhathini , ukuhlola njalo uthuli ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha yakho ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okufanele, kanye nokuqapha amazinga okushisa e-CPU, i-RAM, kanye ne-chipset. Ihadiwe esebenza ngokupholisa ivame ukuzinza kakhudlwana futhi ihlala isikhathi eside.
Kunconywa kakhulu futhi ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwememori usebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-MemTest86 noma i-Windows Memory Diagnostic eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ngemuva kwanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezibalulekile zehadiwe (amamojula ememori amasha, i-motherboard noma ukuthuthukiswa kweprosesa) noma ngemuva kokuvuselelwa okukhulu kwesistimu yokusebenza. Futhi, vele, hlala ugcina isipele esisesikhathini ukuze unciphise umthelela wanoma yikuphi ukwehluleka okubi okungase kwenzeke uma imemori inquma ukuphelelwa yisikhathi ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu.
Uma uhlanganisa konke okungenhla—ukubona izimpawu, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ngendlela efanele, ukuhumusha imiphumela ngobungcweti, ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokulungisa—uthola ukuhlolwa kwe-RAM okuthuthuke ngempela okukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise ukwehluleka kwangempela kokungalungi, wonge imali ekushintsheni okungadingekile, futhi ujabulele ikhompyutha ezinzile kakhulu, esheshayo, futhi ethembekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.