- Sebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo usebenzisa ama-VLAN noma amanethiwekhi ezivakashi ukuvimbela ukunyakaza kwezinsongo eceleni.
- Lungiselela imithetho yokuxhumana yendlela eyodwa ukuze uvumele ukulawula okuphakathi ukuthi kufinyelele amadivayisi e-IoT ngaphandle kokudalula i-LAN.
- Ukuvikelwa ngokomzimba nangogesi kwengqalasizinda yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya ngokusebenzisa i-SPD kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamandla ezingaphazamiseki.
- Ukuphathwa kokuphepha okusebenzayo okusekelwe ekulawulweni kwempahla, izibuyekezo ze-firmware, kanye nezinqubomgomo zephasiwedi eziqinile.
Ukuba nendlu yakho egcwele amagajethi ahlakaniphile kuhle kakhulu, kodwa uma ucabanga ngakho okwesikhashana, kufana nokushiya umnyango uvulekele abantu ongabazi. Amaningi alawa madivayisi afika nokuphepha okubuthakathaka, futhi uma i-hacker ikwazile ukungena ngenkani kubhalubhu lokukhanya laseShayina elingama-euro ayishumi, ingagcina ihlola ikhompyutha yakho noma i-NAS yakho lapho ugcina khona izithombe zomndeni. Yingakho ukuhlukanisa ithrafikhi yamadivayisi e-IoT kunethiwekhi yakho eyinhloko kungeyona nje into evamile yochwepheshe be-IT, kodwa kuyindlela yokuqonda evamile yokuthula kwengqondo.
Isihluthulelo ukuthi ungakufeza kanjani lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuzenzekela kwekhaya. Akusizi ngalutho ukuba nensimbi yomnyango kunethiwekhi ehlukanisiwe uma iseva yakho yoMsizi Wekhaya ingakwazi ukuyinika imiyalo noma ungakwazi ukuvula umnyango kusuka ocingweni lwakho. Inselele isekusetheni uhlelo lapho inethiwekhi ethembekile ilawula inethiwekhi ye-IoT , kodwa lapho okuphambene nakho kungenzeki, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ubuthakathaka ukuthi bungasabalali endlini yonke.
Amasu okuhlukanisa inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya
Uma ungenalo ulwazi oluningi lobuchwepheshe, indlela esheshayo ukusebenzisa isici senethiwekhi yezivakashi esinikezwa cishe yiwo wonke ama-router esimanje. Ngokuxhuma amadivayisi e-IoT lapha, i-router idala isithiyo semvelo. Kodwa-ke, kulabo abafuna ikhambi lobuchwepheshe, ukusebenzisa ama-VLAN (Virtual Local Area Networks) kuyindlela ephumelelayo, njengoba ikuvumela ukuthi udale izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe ngaphakathi kweswishi efanayo ephethwe, unikeze amalebula athile eqenjini ngalinye lamadivayisi.
Abanye abantu bazama ikhambi "elingahlelekile" lokuxhuma i-router endala kwenye entsha ukuze bakhe i-subnet. Inkinga ukuthi i-router ye-subnet ivame ukuba nokubonakala kunethiwekhi eyinhloko ngenxa yendlela umzila wethrafikhi ophathwa ngayo. Ukuze lokhu kusebenze ngempela, udinga i- firewall yesizukulwane esilandelayo noma i-router enokusekelwa kwemithetho ye-firewall ethuthukisiwe evimba ithrafikhi kusuka endaweni ye-IoT kuya ku-LAN, okuvumela iseva yokulawula kuphela (njengoMsizi Wasekhaya) ukuthi iqale ukuxhumana.
Kubasebenzisi bezinhlelo ezithile zemvelo ezifana ne-TP-Link Deco noma i-Tether, kunezinketho ezilula zokuhlukanisa amadivayisi ngqo ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ungeze amadivayisi ohlwini oluvinjelwe lokuxhumana, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angafinyelela i-inthanethi ukuze abuyekezwe kodwa awakwazi ukuxhumana namanye amadivayisi ekhaya, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise umthelela wanoma iyiphi i-malware engaba khona.
Ukuphepha okunengqondo kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla
Akukhona nje ukuxhumana; ukuhlanzeka kwedijithali kubalulekile. Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuzivikela ukwazi kahle ukuthi yini exhunyiwe. Kubalulekile ukugcina uhlu oluningiliziwe lwehadiwe yakho kanye ne-firmware , njengoba amadivayisi amaningi e-IoT engabonakali noma avela ngamagama ajwayelekile. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi imodeli onayo nokuthi iyiphi inguqulo yesofthiwe eyisebenzisayo kukuvumela ukuthi ubone noma yiziphi izimbobo zokuphepha ezivulekile okudingeka uzivale ngokushesha.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile okhiye bokufinyelela. Kungumkhuba oyingozi ukushiya amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo, avame ukuqagela noma athunyelwe kumaforamu e-inthanethi. Okungcono kakhulu, iphasiwedi ngayinye kufanele ishintshwe ibe yinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi neyingqayizivele ngokushesha nje lapho idivayisi ixhuma kunethiwekhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ulwe nabakhiqizi ukuze ugcine i -firmware ibuyekeziwe , njengoba ama-patches okuphepha ayindlela kuphela yokulungisa amaphutha okuklama abahlaseli abawasebenzisa ukuze bagxume besuka kwenye idivayisi baye kwenye.
Ukuvikelwa kukagesi: ukuphepha ngokomzimba
Ngezinye izikhathi sigxila kakhulu kubaduni size sikhohlwe ukuthi ukushaya kombani noma ukuqhuma kwamandla kungaqeda lonke uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza oluzenzakalelayo ekhaya ngomzuzwana. Ukuze ugweme izinhlekelele, indlela engcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa isu lokuvikela elinezingqimba . Umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela kufanele ube sephaneli kagesi ene-Type 2 surge protector (SPD), eguqula ama-voltage spikes ngaphambi kokuba afike ezindaweni zikagesi ekamelweni ngalinye.
Kwimishini ebalulekile, njenge-routers, amaseva e-NAS, noma ama-Home Assistant hubs, i-power strip ejwayelekile ayanele. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele ufake i- UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) . Lawa madivayisi awavimbeli nje kuphela iseva ukuthi ingavali ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuphela kukagesi, kodwa futhi alawula i-voltage. Kubalulekile ukubala ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwangempela kuma-watts (W) futhi ungathembeli kuphela ezilinganisweni ze-VA, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-UPS ingakwazi ukusingatha umthwalo ogcwele wemishini exhunyiwe nge-margin yokuphepha.
- Imichilo yamandla enesivikelo: Iwusizo ekukhuphukeni okuncane kwesikhashana ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo.
- I-SAI Line-Interactive: Inketho engcono kakhulu yenani lemali yabasebenzisi basekhaya kanye nemidlalo.
- I-SAI Ku-inthanethi: Kugcinelwe amaseva ochwepheshe angakwazi ukubekezelela ngisho nokuphazamiseka kwemizuzwana emincane.
Indima yokufunda komshini ekuzivikeleni
Ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma zebhizinisi, ukuphathwa ngesandla akunakwenzeka. Yilapho ukufunda komshini kungena khona ukuhlaziya ukuziphatha kwedivayisi. Uma i-smart bulb, evame ukuthumela amabhayithi ambalwa edatha kuseva, ngokuzumayo iqala ukuzama ukuxhuma kukhompyutha yomlawuli, uhlelo luthola into engavamile futhi lungahlukanisa idivayisi ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphambi kokuba ukuhlaselwa kuqhubeke.
Lokhu kubonakala okuqhubekayo kuvumela ukudalwa kwamaphrofayili engozi. Ngokuqonda ukuthi inzwa ngayinye noma i-actuator iziphatha kanjani, kungaklanywa izinqubomgomo eziningi ze-firewall eziyinkimbinkimbi , okuvumela kuphela ithrafikhi edingekayo ukuze ikhaya elihlakaniphile lisebenze futhi kuvimbe noma yimiphi imizamo yokuxhumana eseceleni esolisayo.
Ukuze uvikele ikhaya lakho ngokugcwele, ikhambi elifanele ukuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kusetshenziswa ama-VLAN, iphasiwedi eqinile kanye nokuphathwa kokuvuselelwa, kanye nengqalasizinda kagesi evikelwe enamadivayisi okuvikela ukukhuphuka (ama-SPD) kanye nezinsiza zikagesi ezingaphazamiseki (ama-UPS). Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zingqimba, siqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenziseka kalula kwekhaya akubi yingozi, okugcina amadivayisi e-IoT elawulwa kanye nolwazi oluyimfihlo lukude ngokuphelele.
