Uma singena ezweni lezokuxhumana, kuyinto evamile ukuba nemibuzo mayelana Liyini ikheli le-IP futhi lisetshenziselwani? ku-inthanethi. Ngokuyisisekelo, ikheli le-IP lisebenza njenge- ukubhaliswa kwedijithali okuvumela noma iyiphi idivayisi, kusukela kuseva yenkampani enkulu kuya kuphrinta yehhovisi lakho, ukuthola nokuxhumana nabanye ngaphandle kokulahleka endleleni.
Kuye ngokuthi lawa makheli abelwe kanjani, singakhuluma ngokulungiselelwa okuguqukayo noma okungaguquki. Nakuba okokuqala kushintsha njalo, okwesibili kuhlala kuzinzile, okusho ukuthi insika eyisisekelo kulabo abadinga ukuxhumana okuzinzile nokubikezelwayo kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile.
Liyini ngempela ikheli le-IP elingaguquki futhi lihluke kanjani kweliguquguqukayo?
Kalula nje, ikheli le-IP elingaguquki yilelo elinikezwa ngesandla futhi Akushintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, a menos que alguien decida cambiarla en la configuración. Es ideal para equipos que deben ser siempre localizables, como los routers o servidores web. Por el contrario, la IP dinámica es gestionada por el protocolo DHCP, que va «alquilando» direcciones disponibles que Zishintsha ngezikhathi ezithileokuyinto elula kakhulu kubasebenzisi basekhaya abanamafoni noma ama-laptop.
- I-IP engaguquki: Ukucushwa ngesandla, okuqhubekayo kudinga ukulungiswa kokuphatha futhi ngokuvamile kubiza izindleko ezengeziwe uma kusesidlangalaleni.
- I-IP Eguqukayo: Okuzenzakalelayo, okujikelezayo, okulula ukukala kanye nokwabiwa kwamahhala ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwephakheji yomhlinzeki.
Izinzuzo zokukhetha ikheli elihleliwe
Ukuba nobunikazi bedijithali obungashintshi kunikeza izinzuzo ezicacile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zobungcweti. Isibonelo, abaphathi bewebhusayithi badinga ukuxhumanisa izizinda zabo nekheli elihleliwe, njengoba lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-DNS futhi kwenza kube lula ngezivakashi ukuthola isayithi ngaphandle kwamaphutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulabo abasebenza nge-VoIP noma izingcingo zevidiyo, ukuzinza kwekheli le-IP elingaguquki kunciphisa ukubambezeleka kanye gwema ukusikeka okucasulayo ngesikhathi sokuxhumana.
Ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi osebenza kude, ama-IP angaguquki ayisihluthulelo sokuwusebenzisa. ukufakwa ohlwini lwabavunyelwe noma abagunyaziweLokhu kuvumela ithimba lezokuphepha lenkampani ukuthi lilungiselele i-firewall ukuze ivumele ukuxhumana okuvela kumakheli athile e-IP kuphela, okuvimbela ngempumelelo abangeneleli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenza inqubo ibe lula kakhulu. ukufinyelela okukude ngama-VPN noma ama-desktop abonakalayo, njengoba iseva ihlale yazi kahle ukuthi ingayitholaphi idivayisi yesisebenzi.
Indlela yokuhlela nokuphatha lawa makheli ngokoqobo
Uma ufuna ukusetha ikheli le-IP elingaguquki, inqubo iyahlukahluka kuye ngendawo. Kunethiwekhi yendawo, okokuqala udinga ukukhetha ikheli elingaphakathi kwe-subnet elizosetshenziswa. ayisetshenziswa por el servidor DHCP para evitar que dos equipos intenten usar la misma «matrícula». Después, se deben introducir manualmente los datos en el equipo: la dirección IP, la máscara de subred, la puerta de enlace predeterminada y los servidores DNS.
Kuye ngesistimu yokusebenza, izinyathelo ziyahlukahluka: ku-Windows, kwenziwa ngezakhiwo ze-adaptha yenethiwekhi; ku-Linux, kuvame ukwenziwa ngokushintsha ifayela le-interfaces noma ukusebenzisa imiyalo efana ne-nmcli; naku-macOS, kuphathwa ngezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi. Ezingeni lebhizinisi, kungcono ukucela Ikheli le-IP lomphakathi elilungisiwe kumhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi (i-ISP), yize lokhu kuvame ukuhilela imali yanyanga zonke. Uma ungazi ukuthi uzoqala kuphi, ungafunda Indlela yokuthola ikheli le-IP le-router yakho bese ulilungisa.
Izingozi, izinselele, nokuthi ungaphambani kanjani nabaphathi
Akusikho konke ukukhanya kwelanga nokuqhakaza; ukuphatha ngesandla ama-IP angaguquki kungaba yikhanda elibuhlungu uma inethiwekhi ikhula kakhulu. Ingozi evame kakhulu... Ukungqubuzana kwe-IPLokhu kwenzeka lapho amadivayisi amabili abelana ngekheli elifanayo, okubangela ukuthi womabili alahlekelwe uxhumano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombono wokuphepha, ikheli le-IP elingaguquki liyi- inhloso ebonakala kakhulu Kuma-hacker, kungenxa yokuthi umhlaseli uyazi ukuthi iseva izohlala isendaweni efanayo.
Ukuze kugwenywe lezi zinkinga, kunezindlela zokuphatha ikheli le-IPAM (IP Address Management) ezivumela hlanganisa ukulawula yesikhala sekheli sonke. Lezi zixazululo zikuvumela ukuthi uskene inethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela, ulandelele ukuthi ubani osebenzisa ikheli ngalinye le-IP, futhi uphathe ama-supernet ukuze uthuthukise isikhala. Enye indlela ehlakaniphile ukusebenzisa Ukubhukha kwe-DHCPIseva ihlala inika ikheli le-IP elifanayo ekhelini elithile le-MAC, ihlanganisa ukuzinza kwe-IP engaguquki kanye nokuphathwa okulula kwe-dynamic, ngaleyo ndlela igweme Izinkinga zenethiwekhi ye-IP ne-DNS okuvamile.
Izindlela zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu
Ukuze inethiwekhi iqine, ukwabela ikheli le-IP akwanele. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imithetho eqinile yomlilo futhi, uma kungenzeka, ukuxhumanisa ikheli le-IP ne- ikheli le-MAC yedivayisiNgale ndlela, noma ngabe umuntu uzama ukukhohlisa ikheli le-IP, uhlelo lungavimba ukufinyelela uma ihadiwe ingahambisani. Ezindaweni ezihlelekile kakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi uphathe i- irekhodi elinemininingwane nelibuyekeziwe yazo zonke izabelo ukuze kugwenywe ukugqagqana.
Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuxwayisa nakho kubalulekile. Kukhona amathuluzi azisa umphathi lapho ikheli le-IP lishintsha isimo noma lapho idivayisi izama ukuxhuma ekhelini le-IP elingaguquki. ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa ngaphambiliniLokhu kuwusizo kakhulu kumanethiwekhi e-IoT, lapho amaqembu amadivayisi angavunyelwa khona kusetshenziswa i-OUI yawo (inkomba yomkhiqizi) ukuze kube lula ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kokulahla ukulawula.
