- Inhlolovo ingamathuluzi asebenzayo okuqoqa ngokushesha ulwazi oluvela kubantu abahlukahlukene.
- Ukuhlaziya kwayo kuvumela ukuthi iziphetho ezijwayelekile zithathwe ngezindlela ezinembile zezibalo.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi.
- Ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwesoftware ekhethekile kusiza ukudalwa nokuhlaziywa kocwaningo.
Izinyathelo okumele uzilandele ukuze udale inhlolovo
Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa okufanele uzilandele ukuze udale inhlolovo ephumelelayo:
- Chaza inhloso yocwaningo: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukudala inhlolovo yakho, kubalulekile ukucacisa ngenhloso yayo. Yiluphi ulwazi ofuna ukuluqoqa? Iyiphi inkinga inhlolovo efuna ukuyixazulula?
- Khetha inani labantu okuhlosiwe: Uma inhloso isichaziwe, kubalulekile ukukhetha inani labantu okuhlosiwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunquma usayizi wesampula, uhlobo lwesampula, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezigaba.
- Yakha imibuzo: Imibuzo yenhlolovo yokuklama ngokucacile nangokunembile. Kubalulekile ukugwema imibuzo engacacile noma imibuzo enezimpendulo eziqondile.
- Zama inhlolovo: Ngaphambi kokuphatha inhlolovo, kuhle ukuyihlola neqembu elincane labantu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imibuzo iqondwa kahle nokuthi inhlolovo kulula ukuyiqedela.
- Phatha inhlolovo: Uma inhlolovo isilungile, ingaphathwa mathupha, ngocingo, noma ku-inthanethi. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yesampula ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isampula limele.
- Hlaziya idatha: Uma ulwazi seluqoqiwe, idatha ingahlaziywa kusetshenziswa amasu ezibalo ahlukene, njengezibalo ezichazayo noma ukucabangela kwezibalo.
- Humusha bese wethula imiphumela: Uma idatha isihlaziyiwe, kubalulekile ukuhumusha imiphumela futhi uyethule ngendlela ecacile nefingqiwe. Kutuswa ukuthi kufakwe amagrafu namathebula ukuze kube lula ukuhunyushwa kwedatha.
Ukwenziwa kanjani ukuhlaziya idatha yocwaningo
Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa okufanele uzilandele ukuze wenze ukuhlaziya idatha yocwaningo:
- Qoqa idatha: Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha eqoqiwe iphelele futhi inembile. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubuyekeza izimpendulo nokulungisa amaphutha noma ukungahambisani.
- Hlela idatha: Uma idatha isiqoqiwe, kubalulekile ukuyihlela ukuze kube lula ukuhlaziya kwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudala isizindalwazi noma isipredishithi, nokwabela amalebula emibuzo nezimpendulo.
- Yenza ukuhlaziya okuchazayo: Sebenzisa amasu ezibalo ayisisekelo, njengencazelo, i-median, imodi, ukuchezuka okujwayelekile, ukuchaza idatha futhi uthole umqondo wayo ojwayelekile.
- Dala amagrafu namathebula: Dala amagrafu namathebula ukuze ubone idatha ngeso lengqondo futhi wenze kube lula ukuyiqonda. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagrafu amabha, ama-histogram, amashadi ophayi, phakathi kokunye.
- Yenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-inferential: Isebenzisa amasu ezibalo athuthukisiwe, afana nokuhlola kuka-t, i-chi-square, ukuhlaziywa kokuhluka, ukwenza okucatshangelwayo mayelana nenani labantu kusukela kusampula.
- Humusha imiphumela: Humusha imiphumela yokuhlaziya bese ufinyelela iziphetho. Kubalulekile ukucabangela umongo wocwaningo kanye nezinhloso zalo lapho kuchazwa imiphumela.
- Yethula imiphumela: Wethula imiphumela ngokucacile nangokufingqiwe, esebenzisa amagrafu namathebula ukwenza lula ukutolika kwawo.
Isoftware yokwakha izinhlolovo
Kunesoftware eminingana yokuhweba neyamahhala ezokusiza ukuthi udale izinhlolovo, ezinye ezidume kakhulu yilezi:
- Amafomu e-Google: Kuyithuluzi lamahhala elivela kwa-Google elikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlolovo futhi uhlaziye imiphumela. Ihlanganisa namanye amathuluzi e-Google njengamaspredishithi.
- SurveyMonkey: Kuyinkundla eku-inthanethi ekuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlolovo, usabalalise futhi uhlaziye imiphumela. Inikeza inguqulo yamahhala nezinye izinguqulo ezikhokhelwayo ezinezici ezengeziwe.
- Uhlobo: Kuyithuluzi eliku-inthanethi elikuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlolovo ezinomklamo okhangayo nosebenziseka kalula. Inikeza inguqulo yamahhala nezinye izinguqulo ezikhokhelwayo ezinezici ezengeziwe.
- Izimfanelo: Kuyinkundla yocwaningo eku-inthanethi ekuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlolovo, usabalalise futhi uhlaziye imiphumela. Inikeza inguqulo yamahhala nezinye izinguqulo ezikhokhelwayo ezinezici ezengeziwe.
- SurveyGizmo: Kuyinkundla eku-inthanethi ekuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlolovo, usabalalise futhi uhlaziye imiphumela. Inikeza inguqulo yamahhala nezinye izinguqulo ezikhokhelwayo ezinezici ezengeziwe.
- I-SoGoSurvey: Kuyinkundla eku-inthanethi ekuvumela ukuthi udale izinhlolovo, usabalalise futhi uhlaziye imiphumela. Inikeza inguqulo yamahhala nezinye izinguqulo ezikhokhelwayo ezinezici ezengeziwe.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
- Ziyini izinhlolovo? Ukuhlola kuyindlela yokuqoqa ulwazi eqenjini labantu kusetshenziswa imibuzo esezingeni.
- Iyini inhloso yocwaningo? Inhloso yezinhlolovo ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nenani elithile labantu nokwenza ukuhlaziya kwezibalo ukuze kutholwe iziphetho ezijwayelekile.
- Yiziphi izinhlobo zohlolo ezikhona? Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlolovo ezifana nezinhlolovo zesampula ezingahleliwe, izinhlolovo zesampula ezihlutshiwe kanye nohlolovo lwamasampula eqoqo.
- Uyihlaziya kanjani idatha yocwaningo? Idatha yenhlolovo ingahlaziywa kusetshenziswa amasu ezibalo njengezibalo ezichazayo kanye nokunquma kwezibalo.
- Yiziphi izinyathelo zokudala inhlolovo ephumelelayo? Izinyathelo zokudala inhlolovo ephumelelayo zibandakanya ukuchaza inhloso, ukukhetha inani labantu okuhlosiwe, ukuklama imibuzo, ukuhlola inhlolovo, ukuyiphatha, ukuhlaziya idatha, nokuhumusha kanye nokwethula imiphumela.
- Yini okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziya idatha yocwaningo? Kubalulekile ukuqoqa idatha ephelele nenembile, ukuhlela idatha, ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuchazayo, ukudala amagrafu namathebula, ukwenza ukuhlaziya okungaqondakali, ukuhumusha imiphumela futhi ukwethule ngokucacile.
- Iyiphi isofthiwe engasetshenziswa ukwenza izinhlolovo? Enye isofthiwe ethandwayo yohlolovo ihlanganisa i-SurveyMonkey, i-Typeform, i-Google Amafomu, i-Qualtrics, i-SurveyGizmo, i-SoGoSurvey, ne-QuestionPro.
- Yini ukubaluleka kwesampula ocwaningweni? Isampula libalulekile kunhlolovo ngoba kufanele imele abantu ukuze kutholwe iziphetho ezijwayelekile ezivumelekile. Okuningi mayelana nezibalo namathuba kusayensi yekhompyutha.
- Ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha kuqinisekiswa kanjani kuhlolovo? Ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha kunhlolovo kungaqinisekiswa ngokuvikela ubumfihlo babahlanganyeli nangokusetshenziswa okufanele kwamasu okungaziwa.
- Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe lapho kutolikwa imiphumela yocwaningo? Lapho etolika imiphumela yenhlolovo, umuntu kufanele acabangele umongo wenhlolovo, izinjongo, kanye nemikhawulo yesampula, futhi agweme ukuveza iziphetho ezingaphezu kwalokho okuvunyelwa idatha.
Isiphetho
Ucwaningo luyithuluzi elibalulekile lezibalo lokuqoqa ulwazi nokufinyelela iziphetho ezijwayelekile mayelana nenani labantu. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezifanele zokudala ucwaningo olusebenzayo, ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha, nokusebenzisa isofthiwe efanele, imiphumela ethembekile nenenjongo ingatholakala. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukubaluleka kokukhetha isofthiwe efanele , ukuqinisekisa ukumelwa kwesampula, ukugcina imfihlo yedatha, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uhumusha imiphumela ukuze wenze ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yocwaningo okuphumelelayo.
