- Ihlonza i-hardware nesofthiwe ukwehluleka, ilungisa ukuphela kwesikhathi, futhi ivimbele ama-positives angamanga ekwenzeni isibuko.
- Ilungisa amaphethini alulaza ukusebenza: N+1, LAPHO imisebenzi, nezinkomba ezingekho.
- Gwema amaphutha e-SQL (i-syntax, ukuhleleka, iziteketiso) nezinqubo zokuklama ezimbi (ama-PK, ukujwayela).
- Sebenzisa i-KEDB ukuze uxazulule izehlakalo eziphindaphindayo ngokushesha nangokusobala.
Umgomo uwukuba uhambe nomhlahlandlela ocacile: ukuthi kungani lezi zinkinga zenzeka, ukuthi ungazibona kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe. Uzothola iziqondiso ezinemininingwane ngamaphutha ehadiwe nesofthiwe ku-SQL Server (ukufanisa) , amaphethini akhubaza ukusebenza, amaphutha okubhala imibuzo avamile, izingibe zomodeli/zokuthuthukiswa zakudala, kanye nendlela ye-ITIL/ITSM yokubhala nokuxazulula izehlakalo eziphindaphindayo nge-Keyed Error Database (KEDB) ehlelwe kahle.
Amaphutha ezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha: izimpawu, izimbangela, nezikhathi zokusabela
Ukwehluleka okubonakalayo kuvame ukubonakala ngokushesha ngoba ezinye izingxenye zesistimu zixwayisa injini yedatha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, iseva ithola umbiko wephutha lehadiwe ngokushesha , yize ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokubambezeleka ngenxa yesikhathi senethiwekhi noma se-I/O esihlehlisa isaziso.
Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukuxhumana okuphukile noma ikhebula elonakele , ikhadi lenethiwekhi elingasebenzi, izinguquko ku-router noma ku-firewall, ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-endpoint, ukulahlekelwa yidrayivu ebamba ilogi yokuthengiselana, noma amaphutha enqubo/i-OS. Lezi zinkinga, uma zithinta idiski yelogi noma inethiwekhi, zingabangela noma yini kusukela ekunqanyulweni kuya ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu ekuphindaphindweni kwesizindalwazi noma ekubukweni.
Qaphela ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zenethiwekhi kanye nezinhlelo ezithile ze-I/O zisebenzisa izikhathi zazo zangaphakathi zokuvala . Lezi zikhathi zokuvala azincikile kudathabheyisi futhi zingalibazisa ukutholakala, zandise isikhathi esiphakathi kwephutha langempela kanye nesikhathi lapho injini iqaphela khona.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono okwenzekayo "ku-wire," kuyasiza ukubuza ithimba lenethiwekhi ukuthi yimiphi imiyalezo efika echwebeni ngesikhathi semicimbi evamile njengokungasebenzi kwe-DNS, izintambo ezingaxhunyiwe, ukuvimba ichweba lomlilo , ukuphahlazeka kohlelo lokusebenza olulalele echwebeni, ukushintsha kwegama leseva, noma ukuqala kabusha. Lolu hlu lwezimpawu lusheshisa ukuxilongwa lapho isevisi ima ngokuzumayo.
Iziphazamisi zesofthiwe nokuphelelwa yisikhathi: ukuthi uzilungise nini nokuthi ungazigwema kanjani izinto ezingamanga
Ukwehluleka kwesofthiwe akukhulumi ngokwako: iseva ingahlala ingasebenzi unomphela ngaphandle kwendlela yokuqapha. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezifana nokulinganisa isizindalwazi, izimo ziyashaywa njalo, futhi uma kungekho signali etholwa ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esivunyelwene ngaso, kubhekwa ukuthi kube nenkinga.
Phakathi kwezimo ezibangela lezi zikhathi zokulinda kukhona amaphutha enethiwekhi (ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwe-TCP, ukonakala, amaphakethe alahlekile noma a-odwe ngendlela engafanele) , uhlelo lokusebenza/iseva/isizindalwazi esingaphenduli, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kwezinga le-Windows, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza: ukugcwala kwediski noma i-CPU, ilogi yokuthengiselana engu-100%, inkumbulo noma imicu enganele.
Uma uzithola ukulesi simo, ungakhetha ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvala, ukunciphisa umthwalo, noma ukuthuthukisa ihadiwe ukuze ibhekane nesidingo. Ukusetha isikhathi sokuvala siphansi kakhulu kubangela imiphumela engamanga; ukuyibeka phezulu kakhulu kubambezela impendulo ekuhlulekeni kwangempela.
Indlela ye-ping/ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kusibuko Seseva ye-SQL
Ukuze kugcinwe uxhumano ngalunye luphila, isibonelo ngasinye sithumela ama-ping ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Uma i-ping itholwa ngaphakathi kwewindi lokuvala (kanye nesikhathi sokuthumela) , ukuxhumana kuthathwa njengokusebenzayo futhi i-timer isethwe kabusha. Uma kungekho i-ping efika ngaphakathi kwaleso sikhathi, isikhathi sokuvala sibhekwa njengesiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi uxhumano luvaliwe, umcimbi uphathwa ngokwendima kanye nemodi yokusebenza.
Ngisho noma enye iseva isebenza kahle, isikhathi sokuvala sibhekwa njengokwehluleka . Uma inani elilungiselelwe lifushane kakhulu ekubambezelekeni okuvamile kwemvelo, kuzovela amaphutha "e-phantom". Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ungadluli imizuzwana eyi-10.
Kumodi yokusebenza okuphezulu, isikhathi sokuvala sihlala siyimizuzwana eyi-10 ; lokhu kuvame ukwanele ukugwema imiphumela engamanga. Kumodi yokuphepha okuphezulu, inani elizenzakalelayo nalo liyimizuzwana eyi-10, kodwa lingalungiseka; lilungise libe yimizuzwana eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu kule modi uma inethiwekhi ihamba kancane.
Uma udinga ukuyishintsha, khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuguqulwa kuqondene nezikhathi zokuphepha okuphezulu . Ungakubuka futhi ukushintshe kusukela ekuphathweni kwenjini noma usebenzisa i-T-SQL, kuye ngenguqulo yakho kanye nezinqubomgomo.
Indlela iseva esabela ngayo uma kunephutha
Uma kwenzeka noma yiluphi uhlobo lwephutha, lesi sibonelo sisebenza ngokwendima yaso (eyinhloko/ufakazi/eyesibili), imodi yokusebenza, kanye nesimo sokuxhumana . Uma umlingani elahlekile, ukuziphatha kuyahluka kuye ngokuthi sikwimodi yokusebenza okuphezulu noma ephephile kakhulu nofakazi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubhala phansi imodi yokusebenza yeseshini ngayinye ukuze kulindelwe isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokushintshashintsha.
Amaphethini okubulala ukusebenza ku-SQL (nokuthi angawalungisa kanjani)
Kunezono ezine ezivame kakhulu ezenza ukubambezeleka kube kubi kakhulu ngokungadingekile. Kulula ukuzibona, futhi ukuzigwema kuzosindisa ukufinyelela kwe-CPU, i-I/O, kanye nedathabheyisi kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Imibuzo ngaphakathi kwezihibe: ukwenza umbuzo ngokuphindaphinda (i-N+1 yakudala) kuphindaphinda uhambo kanye nokubambezeleka. Thola idatha yonke ngesikhathi esisodwa nge-union noma i-IN, noma sebenzisa imibuzo ye-batch. Cubungula i-logic kukhodi yakho usebenzisa izakhiwo esezivele zilayishiwe kwimemori.
Ukulayisha idatha eningi kakhulu—ukuthola amakholomu nemigqa ongeke uyisebenzise—kufana nokusebenzisa isando sokuqhekeza i-nut. Hlunga isizindalwazi, khetha kuphela okudingekayo , sebenzisa ukwakheka kwekhasi uma kufaneleka, futhi ugweme u-SELECT * ngaphandle kokuthi unesizathu esicacile.
Imisebenzi esigabeni se-WHERE: Ukusebenzisa i-LOWER(), DATE(), noma eminye kumakholomu kuvame ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezikhombo. Kungcono ukuqhathanisa ngaphandle kokuguqula ikholomu: hlela idatha kuqala noma uguqule okungokoqobo. Isibonelo, hlunga ngebanga ledethi usebenzisa amakholomu edethi/isikhathi ngaphandle kokuwagoqa ngemisebenzi.
Ama-index angekho: Ukukhohlwa ama-index kumakholomu ahlunga noma ajoyinayo kufana nokucela ukuskena okugcwele. Buyekeza njalo ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luhlunga/lujoyina kuphi bese udala ama-index afanele (ama-index ahlanganisiwe uma kudingeka). Ibhalansi: Ama-index amaningi kakhulu ajezisa ukubhala.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile uma ubhala i-SQL: i-syntax, ukuhleleka, nokungaqondakali
Amaphutha amaningi enziwa ngabaqalayo (ngisho nabanye abasebenzisi abanolwazi oluthe xaxa) ahlobene ne -syntax kanye ne-SQL injection . I-database ayiqondi ukuthi uyicela ini futhi iyakhononda. Umhleli ogqamisa umbhalo uyasiza, kodwa ukwazi izingibe ezivamile kuyasheshisa inqubo.
Amagama apelwe kabi: Amaphutha anamagama e-FROM, WHERE, noma ithebula/ikholomu avamile. Imiyalezo ivame ukukhombisa lapho i-parser yehluleka khona . Sebenzisa umhleli ogqamisayo kanye nokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela; uma igama elingukhiye lingagqanyiswanga, sola.
Ama-parenthesis nama-quotation marks: Ukungabikho kwama-parenthesis noma ama-quotation marks kudala inkinga enzima ukuyibona. Khumbula ukubekwa phambili kwe-opharetha (AND/OR) bese uhlela umbhalo ngama-parenthesis. Ema-literally text text, balekela ama-quotation marks angaphakathi noma ushintshanise phakathi kwama-quotation marks angawodwa namabili ukuze ugweme ukuphula umucu (isb., u-O'Reilly).
I-oda elingavumelekile ku-SELECT: i-oda elifanele lithi SELECT → FROM → WHERE → GROUP BY → HAVING → ORDER BY . Ukushintsha i-oda le-ORDER BY noma i-HAVING kuzodala amaphutha. Khumbula lokhu noma ugcine iphepha lokukhohlisa liseduze.
Susa amagama ayimfihlo ethebula: Ku-self-join noma lapho amatafula amabili enamakholomu anegama elifanayo, uzothola iphutha "lekholomu elingaqondakali". Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo amafushane, acacile namakholomu okubhekisela ane-`alias.column`. Lokhu kwenza ne-SQL ifundeke kalula.
Amagama akhethekile noma abucayi: Uma uphikelela ekusebenziseni amagama abucayi noma abucayi esikhaleni, kuzodingeka uwacaphune ngezingcaphuno ezimbili kuye ngenjini yokusesha. Kungcono ukugwema la magama; ngaphandle kwalokho, hlala njalo lapho uwacaphuna.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesizindalwazi
Ngaphandle kokubhala imibuzo, kunezinqumo zokuklama ezenza umehluko esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Nazi amaphutha amahlanu avamile okuthuthukiswa, kanye nalokho okufanele ukwenze esikhundleni salokho ukuze uvikele ubuqotho kanye nokugcinwa.
Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile izinqubo ezigciniwe: Ziwusizo, kodwa ngama-ORM anamuhla kanye nezendlalelo zokufinyelela, awusadingi ukufaka yonke i-logic yakho kuzo. Izinqubo ezigciniwe zinezindleko zokulungisa nokuguqula ; dala izinqubo ezigciniwe zokufinyelela idatha uma zifanelekile, hhayi i-logic yebhizinisi lesicelo.
Gwema ukusebenzisa okhiye abayinhloko: ukunikeza ubunye ekubukweni, ezinqubweni ezigciniwe, noma uhlelo lokusebenza kwandisa ubunzima namaphutha. Chaza okhiye abayinhloko bangempela kuwo wonke amathebula bese usebenzisa okhiye abahlukile lapho kufanele khona; lokhu kuzovimbela imibuzo yangemva kokudluliselwa kanye nemibuzo ebuthakathaka.
Ukususa okuqinile esikhundleni sokususa okuthambile: Ukususa idatha ngokomzimba kwenza kube nzima ukuhlolwa nokubuyiselwa kusuka ku-"oops, ngiyiphambanisile." Ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa, engeza ifulegi elisebenzayo/elingasebenzi (ukususa okuthambile) bese ulikhipha emibuzweni yakho. Shiya ukususwa okungokoqobo kokuhlanza okulawulwayo.
Isizindalwazi Sephutha Esaziwa (KEDB): Kuyini nokuthi kungani kuwumbono omuhle kuwe
Emisebenzini, akuzona zonke izinto ezingaxazululwa ngokushesha. Izixazululo zesikhashana (izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga) azinakugwenywa ngenxa yezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe, ubunzima, noma isidingo sokuqhubeka kwebhizinisi . I-KEDB yindawo yokugcina lapho ubhala khona wonke amaphutha aziwayo, imbangela yawo (uma ikhona), kanye nesixazululo sawo sesikhashana noma esihlala njalo.
Kuyingxenye yohlaka lwe-ITIL futhi kuhlangana nokuphathwa kwezinkinga kanye nokuphathwa kolwazi. Uma kuvela isigameko esiphindaphindayo, ithimba libonisana ne-KEDB, lisebenzise ikhambi eliqinisekisiwe , futhi linciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi esikhundleni sokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni.
Izinzuzo zabasebenzisi: isixazululo esisheshayo, ukuphazamiseka okuncane, kanye nemiphumela ebikezelwayo . Ku-IT: ukusebenza kahle (akukho sidingo sokuvuselela isondo), ukugcinwa kolwazi naphezu kokushintshashintsha, kanye nedatha yokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Kwababambiqhaza: ukucaca, izinqumo zolwazi/izingozi, kanye nokonga izindleko.
Uyenza kanjani i-KEDB ephumelelayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
1) Chaza ububanzi kanye nezinhloso: nquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwehluleka okufakiwe (isofthiwe, ihadiwe, inethiwekhi, noma izindawo ezithile), ukuthi zihlukaniswa kanjani, nokuthi yimiphi imigomo oyiphishekelayo ( nciphisa i-MTTR, thuthukisa ukwaneliseka , njll.). Beka phambili izinhlelo ezibalulekile kanye nezinsizakalo bese uvumelanisa ububanzi nezinhloso zebhizinisi kanye nama-SLA.
Imibuzo eqondisayo: Ingabe ihlanganisa konke noma siqala ngezinkinga ezithinta kakhulu? Ingabe sibheke kakhulu ukufinyeza izikhathi zokuxazulula noma ukuthola amaphethini okuvimbela?
2) Qoqa futhi ubhale phansi: Sebenzisana nokuphathwa kwezehlakalo/izinkinga kanye namaqembu ukuze uthwebule amaphutha aphindaphindayo kanye nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuxazulula izinkinga ezingakabhalwa phansi. Sebenzisa ithempulethi elula enezinkambu ezifana nencazelo, imbangela eyinhloko (uma iyaziwa), ikhambi lesikhashana/elihlala njalo, umthelela, izinsuku, kanye namanothi.
Amathiphu: ulimi olucacile, izinyathelo ezingasetshenziswa, ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba okuwusizo, ukuxhumanisa izehlakalo ezihlobene , kanye nokubuyekeza okufakiwe uma kunentuthuko entsha.
3) Khetha ithuluzi: Udinga usesho oluhle, ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba/ukumaka, izixhumanisi phakathi kwezinto, ukukhuliswa, ukubika, kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa neplatifomu yakho ye-ITSM. Beka phambili isikhombikubona esisebenziseka kalula ukuze ukhuthaze ukwamukelwa; cabanga ngokusesha okusebenzisa i-AI kanye nemisebenzi yokusebenza engenziwa ngezifiso.
4) Qeqesha amaqembu: bafundise ukuthi bangabhala kanjani imibhalo ngempumelelo, baseshe kahle, futhi balondoloze ikhwalithi. Faka izivivinyo ezisebenzayo ngamacala angokoqobo , iziqondiso ezisheshayo, amavidiyo, ukweluleka, kanye nezifundo zokuvuselela njalo. Khuthaza impendulo ukuze uthuthukise inqubo.
5) Gcina futhi uthuthukise: Chaza imithwalo yemfanelo, ama-KPI, kanye nomjikelezo wokubuyekeza (njalo ngenyanga ngezinkinga ezibucayi, njalo ngekota kukho konke okunye). Hlela ukubuyekezwa kontanga kokufakiwe okusha, amadokhumenti aqhubekayo ngemva kokukhishwa ngakunye, kanye nesiteshi sempendulo esivela kubasebenzisi kanye nokusekelwa.
6) Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwayo: qhuba umkhankaso wangaphakathi, uqaphele labo abanikela kakhulu, futhi ukhuthaze ukubambisana phakathi kweminyango (inethiwekhi, isofthiwe, ihadiwe). Hlanganisa i-KEDB nesiko lenkonzo ukuze ibe yindawo yokuqala abantu abayibhekayo.
I-KEDB vs. Isisekelo Solwazi (KDB): Umehluko Obalulekile
I-KEDB igxile ekuhlulekeni okwaziwayo kanye nezixazululo zazo (zesikhashana noma ezihlala njalo), ezihambisana kakhulu ne-Problem and Incident Management. Ngokuvamile ihlanganiswa ne-ITSM futhi izethameli zayo eziyinhloko yithimba lobuchwepheshe elixazulula izehlakalo.
I-KEDB ihlanganisa okuningi kakhulu: imikhuba emihle kakhulu, izinqubo, idatha yokucushwa, izihloko zosizo, nokuningi. Ukugcinwa kwayo kubanzi kakhulu, ngokubuyekezwa kwezinqubo kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu ngaphezu kwezihloko zobuchwepheshe. Ngamafuphi: i-KEDB iyisethi ekhethekile ethi "uma lokhu kwehluleka, yenza lokhu okunye."
Njengoba ubona, ukuzinza nokusebenza kwesizindalwazi kuncike kakhulu ekuqondeni ukwehluleka okungokomzimba nokunengqondo (nezikhathi zokutholwa kwazo) kanye nasekubhaleni i-SQL enhle, ukwenza imodeli ngokuhlakanipha, kanye nokuhlela ulwazi lokusebenza. Uma ulungisa amaphethini amane okusebenza, ugweme amaphutha ajwayelekile e-syntax, uklame ngezihluthulelo eziyinhloko eziqinile kanye nokulungiswa okunengqondo, futhi usethe uhlelo lokuphatha isizindalwazi bukhoma (i-KEDB), uzoba neplatifomu esheshayo, ebikezelwayo, futhi elula ukuyisebenzisa, ngisho noma izinto zingahambi kahle.
