Amaphutha ajwayelekile kusizindalwazi: izimbangela, amaphutha, nezisombululo

Informatec Digital » Yolwazi » Amaphutha ajwayelekile kusizindalwazi: izimbangela, amaphutha, nezisombululo

Umgomo wukuthi uhambe nemephu ecacile: kungani zenzeka, ungazithola kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe. Uzothola imihlahlandlela enemininingwane ku Amaphutha ezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nesofthiwe ku-SQL Server (izibuko), amaphethini okubulala ukusebenza, amaphutha ajwayelekile okubhala imibuzo, ukuhluleka kokumodela/ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo lwakudala, kanye nendlela ye-ITIL/ITSM yokubhala nokuxazulula izinkinga ezivelayo nge-KEDB ehlelwe kahle.

Amaphutha ezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha: izimpawu, izimbangela, nezikhathi zokusabela

Ukwehluleka ngokomzimba kuvame "ukucula" ngokushesha ngoba ezinye izingxenye zesistimu zazisa injini yedatha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, iseva ithola a iphutha le-hardware libikwe ngokushesha, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kuba khona ukubambezeleka ngenxa yenethiwekhi noma izibali sikhathi ze-I/O ezibambezela isaziso.

Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa: uxhumano oluphukile noma ikhebula elimele, ikhadi lenethiwekhi elihlulekayo, izinguquko kumzila noma i-firewall, ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-endpoint, ukulahleka kwedrayivu esongatha ilogu yokwenziwe, noma amaphutha enqubo/OS. Lezi yizinkinga okuthi, uma zithinta idiski yelogi noma inethiwekhi, zingabangela ukunqanyulwa noma ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuphindaphindweni kwesizindalwazi noma ukwenza isibuko.

Qaphela ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zenethiwekhi nezinye izinhlelo ezingaphansi ze-I/O zisebenza ezazo izikhathi zokulinda zangaphakathiLokhu kuphelelwa yisikhathi kuzimele kusizindalwazi futhi kungabambezela ukutholwa, okwandisa isikhathi phakathi kokwehluleka kwangempela kanye nenjini ukwazi ngakho.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kwenzakalani “ocingweni”, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza ithimba lenethiwekhi ukuthi yimiphi imilayezo efika ethekwini uma kunemicimbi evamile efana I-DNS iphansi, izintambo zinqanyuliwe, izimbobo zivinjwe ngohlelo lokuvikela, uhlelo lokusebenza olulalela ukuphahlazeka kwembobo, ukushintsha kwegama leseva, noma ukuqalisa phansi. Lolu hlu lwezimpawu lusheshisa ukuxilongwa lapho isevisi iphazamiseka kungazelelwe.

Iziphazamisi zesofthiwe nokuphelelwa yisikhathi: ukuthi uzilungise nini nokuthi ungazigwema kanjani izinto ezingamanga

Ukwehluleka kwesoftware akuzikhulumi ngokwako: iseva kungenzeka iphansi ukulinda kuze kube phakade Ukube ibingekho indlela yokuqapha ekhona. Ngakho-ke, ezimeni ezifana ne-database mirroring, izimo ziba ne-pinged ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi uma kungekho signali efika phakathi nesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso, inkinga ibhekwa njengekhona.

Phakathi kwezimo ezidala lezi zikhathi zokulinda yilezi: Amaphutha enethiwekhi (ukuphela kwesikhathi kwe-TCP, onakele, ukulahleka, noma amaphakethe a-odwe ngokungalungile), isistimu yokusebenza/iseva/isizindalwazi esingaphenduli, ukuphela kwesikhathi kweleveli ye-Windows, nokushoda kwezinsiza: idiski noma i-CPU egcwele ngokweqile, ilogu yokwenziwayo ku-100%, inkumbulo enganele noma uchungechunge.

Uma uzithola ukuleso simo, ungakhetha ukwelula isikhathi sokuvala, nciphisa umthwalo noma uthuthukise ihadiwe ukumunca isidingo. Ukusetha isikhathi sokulinda siphansi kakhulu kubangela amaphuzu angamanga; ukuyibeka phezulu kakhulu kubambezela impendulo ekuhlulekeni kwangempela.

Indlela ye-ping/ukuphelelwa yisikhathi kusibuko Seseva ye-SQL

Ukugcina uxhumano ngalunye luphila, isenzakalo ngasinye sithumela ama-pings ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Uma i-ping itholwa ngaphakathi kwewindi lesikhathi sokulinda (kanye nesikhathi sokuthumela), kucatshangwa ukuthi ukuxhumana kusasebenza, futhi isibali sisethwe kabusha. Uma ingekho i-ping eyamukelwe phakathi naleso sikhawu, isikhathi sokuvala siyamenyezelwa futhi ukuxhumana kuyavalwa, kusingathwa umcimbi ngokuya ngendima kanye nemodi yokusebenza.

Noma ngabe enye iseva ilungile, a isikhathi sokuvala sithathwa njengesehlulekiUma inani elimisiwe lilifushane kakhulu ukubambezeleka okuvamile kwendawo, amaphutha e-"phantom" azovela. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi ungahambi ngaphansi kwemizuzwana eyi-10.

Kumodi yokusebenza ephezulu isikhathi sokulinda sihlala sikhona I-10 s; lokhu ngokuvamile kwanele ukuze ugweme imibono engamanga. Kumodi yokuphepha okuphezulu, inani elizenzakalelayo liphinde libe yi-10 s, kodwa liyalungiseka; ilungise kuleyo modi ibe ngu-10 s noma ngaphezulu uma inethiwekhi "ivilapha."

Uma udinga ukukushintsha, khumbula ukuthi lokhu kuguqulwa kuqondene namaseshini akuwo ukuphepha okuphezuluUngayibuka futhi uyiguqule kusukela kubaphathi benjini noma nge-T-SQL kuye ngenguqulo yakho nezinqubomgomo.

Indlela iseva esabela ngayo uma kunephutha

Uma kwenzeka noma yiluphi uhlobo lwephutha, isibonelo senza ngokuvumelana nalo indima (eyinhloko/ufakazi/yesibili), indlela yokusebenza nesimo sokuxhumaUma uzakwethu elahlekelwa, ukuziphatha kuyahluka kuye ngokuthi sisebenzisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu noma ukuvikeleka okuphezulu nofakazi, ngakho kubalulekile ukubhala imodi yokusebenza yeseshini ngayinye ukuze ulindele izikhathi zokuphazamiseka nokushintshashintsha.

Amaphethini okubulala ukusebenza ku-SQL (nokuthi angawalungisa kanjani)

Kukhona "izono" ezine ezivame kakhulu ezenza ukubambezeleka kube kubi ngokungadingekile. Kulula ukuzibona, futhi uma uzigwema, Ulondoloza i-CPU, i-I/O, futhi uya kusizindalwazi kusukela osukwini lokuqala.

Imibuzo engaphakathi kwamaluphu: kwethulwa umbuzo ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye (i-N+1 yakudala) iphindaphinda uhambo nokubambezeleka. Letha idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa ngenyunyana noma isitatimende esingu-IN, noma sebenzisa imibuzo yenqwaba. Cubungula i-logic kukhodi yakho ngezakhiwo esezivele zilayishwe kumemori.

Ukulayisha idatha eningi: Ukuletha amakholomu nemigqa ongeke uyisebenzise kufana nokubulala izimpukane ngenganono. Hlunga kusizindalwazi, khetha kuphela okudingekayo, ukuqanjwa kwamagama uma kusebenza futhi gwema KHETHA * ngaphandle uma unesizathu esicacile.

Imisebenzi esigatshaneni esithi LAPHO: Ukusebenzisa LOWER(), IDETHI(), noma eminye imisebenzi kumakholomu kuvame ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezinkomba. Kungcono ukuqhathanisa ngaphandle kokuguqula ikholomu: icubungula ngaphambili idatha noma uguqule okwangempela. Isibonelo, hlunga ngebanga ledethi ngamakholomu edethi/isikhathi ngaphandle kokuwagoqa emisebenzini.

Izinkomba ezingekho: Ukukhohlwa izinkomba kumakholomu ahlungayo noma ajoyinayo kucela ukuskena okugcwele. Buyekeza ngezikhathi ezithile lapho uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luhlunga/lujoyina futhi dala izinkomba ezifanele (ihlanganisa uma kufanele). Ibhalansi: izinkomba eziningi kakhulu zijezisa ukubhala.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile uma ubhala i-SQL: i-syntax, ukuhleleka, nokungaqondakali

Amaphutha amaningi e-rookie (futhi hhayi ama-rookie) anjalo i-syntax y Umjovo we-SQLIsizindalwazi asiqondi ukuthi yini oyibuzayo futhi siyakhononda. Umhleli ogqamisayo uyasiza, kodwa ukwazi izingibe ezijwayelekile kuyasheshisa ukulungisa.

Amagama angapeliwe kabi: Amaphutha athi KUSUKA, LAPHO, noma ithebula/ikholomu amagama avamile. Imilayezo ivamise ukukhomba lapho umhlaseli ehluleka khonaSebenzisa umhleli ngokugqamisa nokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela; uma igama elingukhiye lingagqanyiswa, sola.

Abakaki nezimpawu zokucaphuna: Ukushoda abakaki noma uphawu lokucaphuna kudala imbobo okunzima ukuyibona. Gcina engqondweni okwandulela opharetha (FUTHI/NOMA) kanye neqembu elinabakaki. Ngombhalo ongokoqobo, balekela izingcaphuno zangaphakathi noma ezinye izingcaphuno ezizodwa/ezikabili ukuze ugweme ukuphula uchungechunge (isb., O'Reilly).

I-oda elingavumelekile kokuthi KHETHA: i-oda elilungile lithi KHETHA → KUSUKA → LAPHO → IQEMBU NGOKU → UKUBA → UKUHLELA NGOKU. Ukushintsha UKUHLELA NGOKUNOMA UKUBA NEsikhundla kubangela amaphutha. Yibambe ngekhanda noma ube neshidi lokukopela eduze.

Ziba iziteketiso zethebula: Ekujoyineni kwakho ngokwakho noma uma kukhona amakholomu anegama elifanayo kumathebula amabili, uzothola "ikholomu engaqondakali". Sebenzisa iziteketiso ezimfushane nezicacile namakholomu ayireferensi ane-alias.column. Futhi, i-SQL ifundeka kakhulu.

Amagama azwelayo noma akhethekile: Uma ugcizelela amagama azwelayo noma amagama anezikhala, uzodinga ukuwacaphuna ngokuthi izingcaphuno eziphindwe kabili Ngokusho kwenjini. Kungcono ukugwema lawo magama; uma kungenjalo, ungaguquguquki lapho uwacaphuna.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesizindalwazi

Ngaphandle kwemibuzo yokubhala, kunezinqumo zokuklama ezenza umehluko esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside. Nawa amaphutha amahlanu avamile okuthuthukiswa, kanye nalokho okufanele ukwenze esikhundleni salokho. vikela ubuqotho kanye nokugcinwa.

Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile izinqubo ezigciniwe: Ziwusizo, kodwa ngama-ORM kanye nezendlalelo zokufinyelela zesimanje, akusadingeki ukuthi ubeke yonke ingqondo yakho lapho. Ama-SP anezindleko ze ukugcinwa kanye nokwenza inguqulo; dala ama-SPs ukuze uthole idatha uma kufanele, hhayi okokusebenza kwebhizinisi okunengqondo.

Ungasebenzisi okhiye abayinhloko: Ukunikeza okuhlukile ekubukeni, ama-SP, noma uhlelo lokusebenza kukhulisa ubunkimbinkimbi namaphutha. Chaza Ama-PK wangempela kuwo wonke amathebula futhi asebenzise izihlonzi ezihlukile lapho kufanele khona; uzogwema ukuphindaphinda kwangemva kwenqubo kanye nemibuzo ebuthakathaka.

Ukususa kanzima esikhundleni sokususa okuthambile: Ukususa okungokoqobo kwenza ukubalwa kwezimali kube nzima kanye nokutholakala kokuthi "eshu, ngimoshile." Ezimweni eziningi zokusetshenziswa, yengeza uphawu lokuhlola. iyasebenza/ayisebenzi (susa kancane) futhi uyikhiphe emibuzweni yakho. Shiya ukususwa ngokomzimba ukuze uthole ukuhlanzwa okulawulwayo.

Isizindalwazi Sephutha Esaziwa (KEDB): Kuyini nokuthi kungani kuwumbono omuhle kuwe

Ekusebenzeni, akuzona zonke izinto ezingaxazululwa ngokushesha. Ama-Workaround awanakugwenywa. izinsiza ezinomkhawulo, izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ukuqhubekaI-KEDB iyinqolobane lapho ubhala khona wonke amaphutha aziwayo, imbangela yawo (uma ikhona), kanye nesixazululo sakhona sesikhashana noma esingunaphakade.

Iyingxenye yohlaka lwe-ITIL futhi ihlangana nokuPhathwa Kwezinkinga kanye Nokuphathwa Kolwazi. Uma kwenzeka isigameko esiphindelelayo, ithimba lithintana ne-KEDB, lifake isicelo isixazululo esihloliwe futhi unciphise isikhathi sokuphumula esikhundleni sokuqala kusukela ekuqaleni.

Izinzuzo zabasebenzisi: ukulungiswa okusheshayo, iziphazamiso ezimbalwa nemiphumela ukubikezelwa okwengeziweKu-IT: ukusebenza kahle (akukho ukuvuselela isondo), ukugcinwa kolwazi naphezu kwenzuzo, kanye nedatha yokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo. Kwababambiqhaza: ukubeka izinto obala, izinqumo zamandla/ubungozi obunolwazi, nokonga izindleko.

Uyenza kanjani i-KEDB ephumelelayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

1) Chaza ububanzi nezinjongo: nquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwehluleka okufakiwe (isofthiwe, ihadiwe, inethiwekhi noma izindawo ezithile), ukuthi zihlukaniswa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinjongo oziphishekelayo (ukunciphisa MTTR, ngcono ukwanelisekanjll.). Beka kuqala amasistimu nezinsizakalo ezibalulekile futhi uqondise ububanzi nezinjongo zebhizinisi kanye nama-SLA.

Imibuzo eyisiqondiso: Ingabe ihlanganisa yonke into noma siqala ngethonya elikhulu? Ingabe sibheke ngokuyinhloko ukunciphisa izikhathi zokuxazulula noma futhi bona amaphethini ngokuvimbela?

2) Qoqa futhi ubhale phansi: Sebenza Nokulawulwa Kwesigameko/Inkinga kanye namaqembu ukuze uthwebule amaphutha aphindelelayo futhi ama-workarounds asebenzayo ezingakabhalwa. Sebenzisa isifanekiso esilula esinezinkambu ezifana nencazelo, imbangela eyinhloko (uma yaziwa), isisombululo sesikhashana/sokugcina, umthelela, izinsuku, namanothi.

Amathiphu: ulimi olucacile, izinyathelo ezingenziwa, izilinganiso eziwusizo, ukuxhumanisa izigameko ezihlobene futhi ubuyekeze okufakiwe uma kunezindaba.

3) Khetha ithuluzi: udinga ukusesha okuhle, ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba / ukumaka, izixhumanisi phakathi kwezakhi, ukulinganisa, ukubika kanye ikhono lokuhlanganisa ngeplatifomu yakho ye-ITSM. Beka kuqala isixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula ukuze ukhuthaze ukutholwa; cabangela ukusesha okunamandla e-AI kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi okwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo.

4) Qeqesha amaqembu: bafundise ukubhala kahle, ukucinga ngempumelelo, nokugcina ikhwalithi. Kuhlanganisa imikhuba namacala angempela, imihlahlandlela esheshayo, amavidiyo, ukuqondisa, neziqalo zezikhathi ezithile. Ikhuthaza impendulo ukuthuthukisa inqubo.

5) Gcina futhi uthuthukise: Chaza amaqembu anesibopho, ama-KPI, nomjikelezo wokubuyekeza (nyanga zonke ezintweni ezibalulekile, njalo ngekota kuzo zonke ezinye). Sungula ukubuyekezwa kontanga kokufakiwe okusha. imibhalo eqhubekayo ngemva kwenkinga ngayinye kanye nesiteshi sempendulo esivela kubasebenzisi nokusekelwa.

6) Thuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo: yenza umkhankaso wangaphakathi, qaphela labo abanikela kakhulu futhi uwukhuthaze. ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezindawo (inethiwekhi, isoftware, ihadiwe). Hlanganisa i-KEDB kusiko lakho lesevisi ukuze kube yindawo yokuqala ongayibheka.

I-KEDB vs. Isisekelo Solwazi (KDB): Umehluko Obalulekile

I-KEDB igxile ekuhlulekeni okwaziwayo nasekuxazululeni kwakho (isikhashana noma unomphela), okuhambisana eduze neNkinga kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezigameko. Ngokuvamile kuba ihlanganiswe ne-ITSM futhi izethameli zayo eziyinhloko ithimba lezobuchwepheshe elixazulula izehlakalo.

I-KDB ihlanganisa okuningi: izinqubo ezihamba phambili, izinqubo, idatha yokumisa, izindatshana zosizo, njll. Ukugcinwa kwayo kubanzi kakhulu, ukubuyekezwa kwezinqubo nezinqubo ezinhle Ngaphezu kwezihloko zezobuchwepheshe. Ngamafuphi: I-KEDB iyisethi engaphansi egxile kokuthi "uma lokhu kwehluleka, yenza lokho."

Njengoba ubona, ukuzinza nokusebenza kwe-database kuncike kakhulu ekuqondeni ukwehluleka ngokomzimba nokunengqondo (kanye nezikhathi zokutholwa kwazo) nokubhala i-SQL enhle, ukumodela ngokuhlakanipha, nokuhlela ulwazi lokusebenza. Uma ubhekana namaphethini okusebenza amane, gwema amaphutha avamile we-syntax, idizayini enama-PK aqinile kanye nokujwayelekile okuzwakalayo, futhi wakha i-KEDB ebukhoma, uzoba nenkundla esheshayo, ebikezelwe kakhudlwana, nesebenziseka kalula ngisho nalapho izinto zingahambi kahle.