- Isizindalwazi esabalalisiwe sigcina ulwazi kumanodi amaningi axhunyiwe.
- Izinhlobo eziyinhloko: i-homogeneous, heterogeneous, replicated, partitioned and hybrid.
- Banikeza ukukala, ukutholakala okuphezulu, nokubambezeleka okuphansi, kodwa kudinga ukuhlela.
- Zisetshenziswa kuDatha Enkulu, iBlockchain, kanye nezinkampani ezinemisebenzi ehlukaniselwe.
Ama-database ayisisekelo sokugcina nokuphatha ulwazi. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokufinyeleleka kanye nesivinini, ama-database asatshalalisiwe avele njengesisombululo esisebenzayo sokuphatha inani elikhulu ledatha ngendlela ehlukaniswe. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lo mqondo nokuthi usebenza kanjani, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi ayini ama-database nokuthi asetshenziselwa ini.
Lesi sihloko sihlola ngokujulile ukuthi yiziphi izizindalwazi ezisatshalaliswe, izici zazo, izinzuzo, ukungalungi, amamodeli okwakha, kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sikhuluma ngezimiso zokuvumelana kanye nezinhlelo zokuphindaphinda , izinto ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bedatha ezindaweni ezisatshalaliswe.
Iyini isizindalwazi esabalalisiwe?
Isizindalwazi esisatshalaliswe yisistimu yokugcina ulwazi lapho idatha ingagcinwa khona kuseva eyodwa ephakathi, kodwa kunalokho kuma-node amaningi axhumene ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Naphezu kokusatshalaliswa ngokomzimba, la ma-node asebenza njengesizindalwazi esisodwa esinengqondo ngokombono womsebenzisi. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuningiliziwe, kunconywa ukuthi ubuyekeze ukuthi yiziphi izisizindalwazi ezingezona eziphathelene nobudlelwano.
Lolu hlobo lwedathabheyisi lubonakala ngokuqinisekisa ukuzimela kwe-node , ukukopishwa kwedatha, kanye nokufinyeleleka kungakhathaliseki indawo yomsebenzisi. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, ivumela ukukhuliswa okuphumelelayo futhi ithuthukisa ukutholakala kanye nokusebenza emisebenzini emikhulu.
Izici eziyinhloko zolwazi olusabalalisiwe
- Ukuzimela kwe-Node: I-database node ngayinye inezinga elithile lokuzimela, ikwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi yayo yendawo.
- Ukuxhumana: Amanodi axhunywe amanethiwekhi aqinisekisa ukuhamba kwedatha.
- Ukuhlukaniswa: Ulwazi luhlukaniswa futhi lugcinwe ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokuya ngemibandela ekhulisa ukufinyelela.
- Ukuphindaphinda: Enye idatha ingase iphindwe kuwo wonke ama-node amaningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala nokwethembeka.
- Ukucaca kwendawo: Umsebenzisi akadingi ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi i-node ethile ulwazi olugcinwe kuyo.
Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kokuxhumana kanye nendlela idatha ephathwa ngayo, kungcono ukwazi ukwakheka kwe-Von Neumann , okubalulekile kumongo wedathabheyisi.
Izinhlobo zolwazi olusabalalisiwe
Ama-database asatshalaliswa angahlukaniswa ngokwe-homogeneity yawo kanye nohlelo lokusabalalisa idatha :
- Okufanayo: Zonke izingosi zolwazi zisebenzisa isofthiwe efanayo futhi zilandela imodeli yedatha efanayo.
- Okungafani: I-node ngayinye ingasebenzisa amasistimu edatha ehlukene kanye nezakhiwo.
- Okuphindaphindwe: Inodi ngayinye igcina ikhophi ephelele yedatha.
- Ihlukaniswe: Idatha ihlukaniswe yaba izingcezu futhi ingxenye ngayinye igcinwa endaweni ehlukile.
- AmaHybrid: Bahlanganisa amasu okuphindaphinda nokuhlukanisa.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kolwazi olusabalalisiwe
Izinzuzo
- Ukwehluka: Amanodi amasha angengezwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza.
- Ukuthembeka: Ngokusabalalisa ulwazi, ingozi yokulahleka kwedatha ngenxa yokwehluleka kwenodi eyodwa iyancishiswa.
- Ukuncishiswa kokubambezeleka: Idatha ingagcinwa kumanodi eduze nabasebenzisi bokugcina.
- Ukutholakala okuphezulu: Uma inodi eyodwa ihluleka, ezinye zingaqhubeka nokusebenza.
Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo okukhulunywe ngazo, kuyathakazelisa ukuhlola izinhlobo zedathabheyisi eziphathelene kanye ne-NoSQL ezingase zifaneleke kulo mongo.
nebubi
- Ubunkimbinkimbi: Ukuphatha nokuvumelanisa amanodi kudinga ukuhlela okwengeziwe.
- Izinkinga zokuphepha: Ulwazi olusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi ludinga amasu okuvikela athuthukile.
- Izindleko: Ukuqalisa nokugcina lolu hlobo lwesizindalwazi kungadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu.
Isakhiwo sesizindalwazi esabalalisiwe
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zezakhiwo ezinquma ukuthi idatha iphathwa kanjani kusizindalwazi esabalalisiwe:
- Iseva yeklayenti: I-central node ilawula i-database futhi amaklayenti ayifinyelela ngemibuzo.
- Ntanga-kuya-ntanga: Wonke ama-node anohlelo olufanayo futhi angasebenza njengamaklayenti noma amaseva.
- Okuxutshiwe: Izici zamamodeli amabili wangaphambilini zihlanganisiwe.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lolu lwakhiwo luhlobana kanjani nokukhula, bheka ukuthi kuyini ukukhula.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zolwazi olusabalalisiwe
Imininingo egciniwe esabalalisiwe isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa:
- Idatha Enkulu: Ukuphathwa kahle kwedatha yedatha ngesikhathi sangempela.
- I-Blockchain: Isitoreji esineziko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokuvikeleka.
- Izinkampani zomhlaba: Sebenzisa ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe ezinezindawo eziningi.
- Amasevisi wamafu: Ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yefu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaka.
Izizindalwazi ezisatshalaliswayo zimelela ikhambi elisha lezinkampani nezinhlangano ezidinga ukusebenza kahle , ukutholakala , kanye nokukhula ekuphathweni kolwazi lwazo. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuletha izinselele ezithile, izinzuzo zazo eziningi zizenza zibe inketho ebalulekile emkhakheni wokugcina idatha yesimanje.
