Ukucushwa kwe-proxy okuthuthukisiwe: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuthola okuningi kukho

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ukucushwa kwe-proxy okuthuthukisiwe: umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuthola okuningi kukho

Uma ufuna ukuthola okuningi ngokuxhumana kwakho futhi ugcine ubuwena bakho buphephile ngenkathi uphequlula, qonda ukuthi ukucushwa kwe-proxy okuthuthukisiwe Akusekho ukukhetha: cishe sekuphoqelekile. Kunokuba nje "umlamuleli ongavamile" phakathi kwekhompyutha yakho ne-inthanethi, i-proxy elungiselelwe kahle ingenza umehluko phakathi kwenethiwekhi ehamba kancane nesengozini kanye nengqalasizinda esheshayo, ephephile, nelawulwayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho vikela ubumfihloIseva yommeleli ivumela lawula ukufinyelela, hlunga ithrafikhi, thuthukisa ukusebenza nge-caching ngisho nokweqa imikhawulo yendawo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole okuningi kukho, udinga ukulungisa kahle iseva uqobo kanye namadivayisi neziphequluli ezizoyisebenzisa. Lapha uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele, osebenzayo wokuqonda konke kusukela eziyisisekelo kuya ezinkethweni ezithuthukisiwe ku-Windows, macOS, iziphequluli, namadivayisi eselula, kanye nezibonelo ngamathuluzi afana ne-Nginx kanye nohlu lwe-proxy yomphakathi.

Iyini iseva ye-proxy futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka ukuyilungiselela kahle?

Iseva yommeleli isebenza njenge ibhuloho phakathi kwedivayisi yakho ne-inthanethiEsikhundleni sokuthi i-PC yakho noma idivayisi yeselula ixhumeke ngqo kuwebhusayithi noma kusevisi eku-inthanethi, ithumela isicelo ku-proxy, bese isithumela endaweni oya kuyo. Impendulo bese ibuyela ku-proxy, bese, kusukela lapho, iye kudivayisi yakho. Iseva ekude ibona ikheli le-IP lommeleliakuyona eyakho yangempela.

Lokhu kuziphatha kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kochungechunge lwemisebenzi ewusizo kakhulu: i-proxy ingakwazi hlaziya ithrafikhi, izicelo zokuhlunga, izinsiza zenqolobaneUngasebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokufinyelela noma umane ufihle ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi. Yingakho lisetshenziswa kabanzi emabhizinisini, ezikhungweni zemfundo, kanye nakubantu abafuna ungqimba olwengeziwe lobumfihlo noma abafuna ukubonakala sengathi bakwelinye izwe.

Indima yayo ekuphepheni kwenethiwekhi ibalulekile: i-proxy enhle ingasebenza njenge uhlelo lokusebenza lokuvikela umliloUkuhlunga okuqukethwe kanye nendawo yokulawula ephakathi yethrafikhi ephumayo, futhi kwezinye izimo, ithrafikhi engenayo. Konke lokhu, vele, kuncike ekutheni ihlelwe kanjani kanye nesofthiwe esetshenziswayo (i-Squid, i-Nginx, njll.).

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukucushwa kwe-proxy akwenziwa kuphela kuseva: iklayenti ngalinye (iWindows, i-macOS, i-Android, i-iOS, iziphequluli ezifana ne-Chrome, i-Firefox, i-Edge, i-Safari, noma i-Internet Explorer) linendlela yalo yokwenza lokhu. Chaza ukuthi ngabe isebenzisa i-proxy, ukuthi iyithola kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlaka ezisebenza kuyo.Yilapho izindlela ezizenzakalelayo, izikripthi ze-PAC, noma ukucushwa kwe-IP kanye ne-port ngesandla kusebenza khona.

Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokusebenzisa i-proxy

Ukusebenzisa iseva ye-proxy kunikeza inhlanganisela ethakazelisayo ye ubumfihlo, ukulawula kanye nokusebenzaUma nje isevisi ithembekile futhi ihlelwe kahle, ukuqonda izinzuzo nezingozi zayo kuzokusiza wazi ukuthi kufanele nini ukuyisebenzisa nokuthi i-VPN ingaba nini inketho engcono.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu yikhono lokwenza khawulela ukufinyelela futhi usebenzise izinqubomgomoEzindaweni zezinkampani, kuvamile ukukhawulela ukuthi yimaphi amawebhusayithi abasebenzi abangawavakashela noma ukuthi yiziphi izinsizakalo abangazisebenzisa, futhi konke kudluliselwa nge-proxy, enquma ukuthi yini evunyelwe nokuthi yini evinjiwe.

Enye inzuzo enamandla ukusebenzisa i-caching. I-proxy ingakwazi amakhasi ezitolo, izithombe kanye nezinye izinsiza ezivame ukuvakashelwa. Uma omunye umsebenzisi ecela into efanayo, esikhundleni sokubuyela ku-inthanethi, i-proxy iletha ikhophi yendawo. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo ekuxhumekeni okuyinhloko kanye kusheshisa izikhathi zokuphendula, into ebalulekile ezinhlanganweni ezinamaqembu amaningi.

Ngokuphathelene nobumfihlo, i-proxy ifihla ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi kumawebhusayithi owafinyelelayo. Kubasebenzisi abaningi, lokhu kusho ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe. ukungaziwa kanye nekhono lokudlula imikhawulo yendawoLokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungafinyelela i-inthanethi usebenzisa ikheli le-IP elivela kwelinye izwe. Iphinde ikuvumele ukuthi uhlukanise ithrafikhi ngokwemvelaphi, okuwusizo ekuhloleni nasekulandeleni imithetho.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi izinkinga ezicacile. Ngokungenisa i-hop eyengeziwe endleleni, i-proxy ingakwazi khulisa ukubambezeleka futhi yehlise ijubane, ikakhulukazi uma ligcwele ngokweqile noma uma iseva ikude ngokwendawo. Uma abantu abaningi besebenzisa i-proxy yomphakathi efanayo, ukuphequlula kungaba lula.

Enye inkinga ebucayi umuzwa wokulondeka ongamanga. Abasebenzisi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokusebenzisa i-proxy “basuke bevikelwe kakade”, kanti empeleni abavikelwe. Ama-proxies amaningi awabhali ngemfihlo ithrafikhiLokhu kushiya idatha yakho iveziwe kumanethiwekhi omphakathi e-Wi-Fi noma kumhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amaphroksi anonya aqopha iziqinisekiso zakho, umlando wokuphequlula, noma athengise idatha yakho kubantu besithathu.

Kukhona futhi amawebhusayithi nezinsizakalo ezibona ukusetshenziswa kwama-proxies bese ziqhubeka vimba ukufinyelela noma ukhawulele imisebenziFuthi uma ufuna i-proxy esheshayo, eyimfihlo, nethembekile ngempela, uzogcina usebenzisa izixazululo ezikhokhelwayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zebhizinisi lapho ingozi yokusebenzisa ama-proxies wamahhala iphezulu kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka kokucushwa kwe-proxy okulungile

Ukusetha i-proxy akuyona nje indaba yokufaka ikheli le-IP elingahleliwe kanye ne-port. Ukucushwa okungalungile kungaholela... amaphutha aqhubekayo, ukungasebenzi kwesevisi, ukuhamba kancane kakhulu futhi, esimweni esibi kakhulu, izimbobo zokuphepha ezishiya yonke inethiwekhi ivulekile.

Ezinkampanini lapho izinsuku zokugcina zincane futhi izinsizakalo zibalulekile, ukwehluleka kwe-proxy kungavimba ukufinyelela kuma-imeyili, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, amaphaneli okuphatha, noma ngisho nezinhlelo zangaphakathi. Yingakho ukuhlela nokulungisa kahle amapharamitha (ukugcina isikhashana, izimvume, ukuqinisekiswa, ukulinganisela umthwalo) kubaluleke njengokukhetha isofthiwe uqobo.

Ukucushwa okuklanywe kahle kuvumela i-proxy ukuthi igcine izinsiza ezifanele ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile isitoreji noma ukunikeza okuqukethwe okuphelelwe yisikhathi. Lokhu kuhunyushwa ku- izikhathi zokuphendula ezithuthukisiwe kanye nomthwalo omncane kumaseva okuqalaLokhu kuwusizo kakhulu uma abasebenzisi abaningi befinyelela izinsizakalo ezifanayo.

Ngokombono wokuphepha, i-proxy elungiselelwe kahle ingahlunga izicelo ezinonya. thola imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziweUkunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwensizakalo ezingeni lesicelo nokuvimba ithrafikhi ezizindeni noma kuma-IP asolisayo. Uma kuhlanganiswa nohlu olumnyama, ukuhlaziywa kwekhanda, kanye nemithetho ethuthukisiwe, i-proxy iba ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuvikela.

Ubumfihlo buxhomeke kakhulu endleleni amalogi ahlelwa ngayo, indlela ama-IP angaphakathi aphathwa ngayo, kanye nendlela ama-header avezwa ngayo. Ngesu elihle, kungenzeka ukufeza lokhu. fihla ulwazi olubucayi, nciphisa idatha yokulandelela futhi kuncishiswe inani lezithombe zedijithali ezikhiqizwa ngenkathi kupheqululwa.

Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokulungiselela iseva yommeleli (i-Squid, i-Nginx nezinye ezifanayo)

Uma ufuna ukusetha iseva yakho ye-proxy, isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha isofthiwe efanele. Phakathi kwezinketho ezivame kakhulu yilezi: I-Squid (ejwayelekile kuma-proxies e-HTTP caching) kanye ne-Nginx (isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-reverse proxy kanye ne-web server). Ifilosofi yokucushwa kanye ne-syntax kuyahlukahluka kuye ngethuluzi, kodwa imiqondo eyisisekelo iyafana.

Kunoma yikuphi ukufakwa, kuzodingeka uchaze ukuthi iyiphi i-proxy elalela kuyo i-port, yimaphi amakheli e-IP angayisebenzisa, nokuthi ngabe kuzoba khona yini ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi, uhlobo luni lwenqolobane oluzosetshenziswa nokuthi ngabe i-proxy izosebenza ngendlela eqondile, ebuyela emuva, noma ehlanganisiwe ene-load balancing. Lezi zilungiselelo zinquma kokubili ukuphepha nokusebenza.

Endabeni amathuluzi afana ne-Squid ne-NginxIbhulokhi yokucushwa kwe-proxy ephindaphindayo evamile ingafaka iziqondiso zokulalela echwebeni elithile, ukucacisa igama lesizinda, nokudlulisela izicelo kuseva ye-backend. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-header akhethekile avame ukulungiselelwa gcina ulwazi mayelana nekheli le-IP lokuqala kanye nomzilaokubalulekile kumasevisi angemuva.

Nakuba singaphindi siphinde isibonelo esiqondile lapha, umqondo uwukuthi iseva ilalela ku-port 80 isizinda esithile, nokuthi kuchazwa ibhulokhi yendawo. i-proxy_pass kuseva yangemuva, ehambisana nezinhloko ezifana ne-Host, i-X-Real-IP kanye ne-X-Forwarded-For, ezivumela iseva yendawo ukuthi yazi ukuthi ubani owenze isicelo ekuqaleni.

Kusukela kulesi sisekelo, ukucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kungangezwa: ukusetshenziswa kwe-reverse proxy eneziphetho eziningi ze-backend ukulinganisela umthwalo, ukuqedwa kwe-TLS kwe-HTTPS Ngaphakathi kwe-Nginx ngokwayo, ungalungiselela imithetho yokuzama kabusha, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi, ukucindezelwa, ukukhawulelwa komkhawulokudonsa, nokunye okuningi. Ipharamitha ngayinye kufanele ilungiswe ngokwezidingo zangempela zemvelo ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga zokuhambisana noma izinkinga.

Ukwazi lezi zinketho ezithuthukisiwe kuyikhono elibalulekile emhlabeni wokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nezinhlelo. Uzokwazi kuphela ukuqonda kahle ukuthi i-proxy isebenza kanjani nokuthi izinqubomgomo zayo zihilelani. Lungiselela ukuphepha, ukusebenza, kanye nokuthembeka ezindaweni zokukhiqiza.

Ukulungiselela ama-proxies ku-Windows (ukutholwa okuzenzakalelayo, iskripthi se-PAC, kanye nemodi yesandla)

Ku-Windows, ukucushwa kweseva ye-proxy kufana kakhulu kuzo zonke izinguqulo, yize indlela yemenyu ishintsha kancane phakathi kwe-Windows 8 ne-Windows 10. Uhlelo lungakwazi Thola ukucushwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, sebenzisa iskripthi se-PAC kusuka enhlanganweni noma sebenzisa izilungiselelo ezenziwe ngesandla nge-IP kanye ne-port.

Uma uxhuma kwi-inthanethi kukhompyutha ye-Windows ene-proxy elungiselelwe, ithrafikhi yesiphequluli kanye nethrafikhi evela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ayishiyi i-PC yakho ngqo, kodwa kunalokho idluliselwa kuseva ye-proxy elungiselelwe. Lokhu kusebenza kokubili ukuxhumana nge I-Wi-Fi kanye ne-Ethernet, okunikeza ukuguquguquka ezindaweni ezahlukene zenethiwekhi.

Kuye ngezinqubomgomo zenkampani noma zenhlangano yakho, ukusebenzisa i-proxy yenkampani kungaba yimpoqo. Kulezo zimo, uzodinga ulwazi olulodwa noma ngaphezulu oluthile: ukuthi i-Windows thola ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucushwa, i-URL yesikripthi se-PAC noma, uma konke kwenziwa ngesandla, ikheli le-IP noma igama leseva kanye nembobo ehambisanayo.

Uma imodi ekhethiwe izenzakalelayo, iWindows ingasebenzisa inketho yokwenza kusebenze Thola izilungiselelo ze-proxy ngaphandle kokuthi ufake noma yini.Uhlelo luzohlola ukuthi inethiwekhi ineseva yokucushwa okuzenzakalelayo (isibonelo nge-WPAD) futhi, uma ithola eyodwa, izosebenzisa amapharamitha ayo ngaphandle kokuthi wenze noma yini enye.

Uma usebenzisa iskripthi, uzodinga indlela eya kufayela le-PAC elinikezwe umnyango we-IT. Leli fayela lichaza imithetho yokuqondisa izicelo: ukuthi yiziphi izizinda ezidlula ku-proxy, eziya ngqo, ukuthi yimaphi amaseva asetshenziswa kuye ngokuthi uya kuphi, njalo njalo. Uma ungayazi le ndlela, kuzodingeka ukuthi xhumana nosekelo lwe-IT yenhlangano yakho.

Kwimodi yokwenza ngesandla, kuzodingeka ufake igama leseva yommeleli noma ikheli layo le-IP kanye nephothiUma i-proxy idinga ukuqinisekiswa, uhlelo luzokuvumela ukuthi ucacise igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Futhi, lolu lwazi luvame ukunikezwa abaphathi benethiwekhi, futhi akukhuthazwa ukwenza izinto ngendlela ehlukile.

Indlela yokusetha i-proxy isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ku-Windows 8 naku-Windows 10

Ku-Windows 8 kanye ne-Windows 10, inqubo yokusebenzisa nokulungiselela i-proxy ifana kakhulu. Konke kulawulwa kusukela kumenyu yezilungiselelo, esigabeni seNethiwekhi. Ukuqonda izindlela nezinketho kuzokusiza. shintsha ngokushesha phakathi kokuphequlula okuqondile nokusetshenziswa kwe-proxy.

Ukuze uvule ngokushesha izilungiselelo ze-Windows, inhlanganisela elandelayo yokhiye ivame ukusetshenziswa: IWindows + IUma usuvele usephaneli yokulawula, ku-Windows 10 udinga ukuya ku-Izilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > Iphroksi. Ku-Windows 8, indlela evamile yi-Izilungiselelo > Iphroksi Yenethiwekhi, lapho lezi zilungiselelo ziqoqwe khona.

Ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba uzobona izinketho zokucushwa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuzenzela ngesandla. Kumodi eyisisekelo, ungenza kusebenze iswishi ibe "Thola izilungiselelo ngokuzenzakalelayo" Lokhu kuvumela iWindows ukuthi izame ukuthola izilungiselelo ze-proxy kunethiwekhi. Uma inkampani yakho ilungiselele i-WPAD noma olunye uhlobo lokutholwa okuzenzakalelayo, uhlelo luzosebenzisa lolo lwazi.

Uma indawo okuyo inikeza iskripthi se-PAC, uzothola isigaba esithi "Ukucushwa kwe-proxy okuzenzakalelayo" lapho ungavumela khona ukusetshenziswa kwesikripthi kanye faka ikheli lefayela lokucushwaUma ulondoloza izinguquko, iWindows izoqala ukulandela imithetho echazwe kuleso skripthi ukuze inqume ukuthi iyiphi ithrafikhi edlula ku-proxy.

Esigabeni esithi “Ukucushwa kwe-proxy ngesandla”, ungavumela ukusetshenziswa kweseva ye-proxy bese ugcwalisa ikheli (igama le-IP noma le-DNS) kanye nembobo okuhlinzekwe ngumnyango wakho we-IT noma umhlinzeki we-proxy. Uma kudingeka ubuqiniso, uhlelo luzokutshela ngeziqinisekiso zakho. Ngemva kokuchofoza okuthi Londoloza, ikhompyutha yakho izoqala ukusebenzisa le seva ekuxhumekeni kwayo okulandelayo.

Uma sekulungisiwe, ukuphequlula kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeWindows kuzodluliselwa kulowo mmeleli, ukuze Ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi, elibonakala ngaphandle, lizoba leleseva. hhayi eyakho yangempela. Uma ufuna ukuyeka ukuyisebenzisa, vele ukhubaze ukushintsha kweseva yeproxy okwenziwa ngesandla noma okuzenzakalelayo, njengoba kufanele.

Ukusetha iseva ye-proxy ku-macOS (Mac)

Kuma-Mac asebenzisa i-macOS, ukucushwa kwe-proxy nakho kubekwe phakathi ezingeni lesistimu, ngakho kuthinta izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ngenkathi indlela eqondile ingahluka kancane phakathi kwezinguqulo, inqubo eyisisekelo ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise Ukutholwa okuzenzakalelayo, amafayela e-PAC, noma ama-proxies enziwe ngesandla ngezinqubo ezahlukene.

Ukuze ufinyelele lezi zilungiselelo, vula Izintandokazi Zesistimu kumenyu ye-Apple bese ukhetha isithonjana seNethiwekhi. Lapho uzobona uhlu lokuxhumana olutholakalayo (ngokuvamile I-Ethernet noma i-Wi-Fi), futhi kuzodingeka ukhethe leyo oyisebenzisayo njengamanje ukuze ufinyelele izinketho zayo ezithuthukisiwe.

Efasiteleni elithuthukisiwe, ithebhu yama-Proxies iqukethe zonke izinketho. Ungavumela i- ukutholwa kwe-proxy okuzenzakalelayoLokhu kuvumela i-macOS ukuthi isebenzise izindlela ezifana ne-WPAD uma zitholakala. Le nketho ilula kumanethiwekhi aphethwe ngabaphathi, njengoba igwema isidingo sokungenelela ngesandla.

Uma inhlangano yakho isebenzisa ifayela lokucushwa okuzenzakalelayo, kunensimu ethile ethi “Ukucushwa kwe-proxy okuzenzakalelayo”, lapho kuzodingeka khona faka i-URL yefayela le-PACi-macOS izosebenzisa leso skripthi ukunquma ukuthi isicelo ngasinye sizothunyelwa kanjani ngokuya ngendawo okuyo.

Ukuze ulungiselele ngesandla, ungakhetha izinketho ezifana ne-Web Proxy (HTTP) noma i-Secure Web Proxy (HTTPS) bese ugcwalisa ikheli leseva kanye nezinkambu ze-port. Uma iseva idinga ukuqinisekiswa, ungamaka ibhokisi elibonisa ukuthi Iphrokzi idinga igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, bese ufaka iziqinisekiso zakho ezinkambini ezihambisanayo.

Ngemva kokuchofoza u-OK nokusebenzisa izinguquko, i-Mac yakho izoqala ukusebenzisa i-proxy yokuxhumeka okukhethiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke iziphequluli nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlonipha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yesistimu zizokwazi ukusebenzisa i-proxy. Bazofinyelela i-inthanethi ngaleyo sevaLokhu kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana futhi kwenza kube lula ukuphathwa kwamaqembu ezinkampani.

Ukusebenzisa i-proxy evela kuziphequluli ezinkulu zewebhu

Isiphequluli ngasinye siphatha i-proxy ngendlela yaso. Ezinye, njenge-Chrome, i-Edge, i-Safari, ne-Internet Explorer, zithembele cishe ngokuphelele ku-proxy. ukucushwa kwesistimu yokusebenzaEzinye, njengeFirefox, zikuvumela ukuthi uchaze iphrokzi yakho ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlelo lunayo.

I-Google Chrome isebenzisa izilungiselelo ze-proxy ze-Windows noma ze-macOS ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuze uzishintshe kusuka ngaphakathi kwesiphequluli, iya kumenyu yezilungiselelo, skrolela phansi uye esigabeni sezilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe, bese ukhetha i-System. "Vula izilungiselelo ze-proxy zekhompyutha yakho"Ukusuka lapho, ukucushwa kwenziwa kuphaneli yesistimu yokusebenza.

I-Safari ilandela indlela efanayo kakhulu ku-macOS: isiphequluli siyayihlonipha izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi yesistimu yakho. Kusukela kuthebhu ethi Okuthuthukisiwe kuzintandokazi ze-Safari, kukhona isinqamuleli esiya kuzilungiselelo ze-Proxies, okuyi... isikrini esifanayo osibona ku-System Preferences > NetworkUkushintsha i-proxy lapho kuthinta yonke i-Mac.

I-Microsoft Edge, ezinguqulweni zayo zakamuva esekelwe ku-Chromium, nayo incike ku-Windows 10. Kusukela kumenyu yesiphequluli, ungafinyelela izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe, futhi ngaphakathi kwazo, inketho yokwenza kanjalo Vula izilungiselelo ze-proxy zekhompyuthaYiphaneli efanayo esetshenziswa yi-Chrome, ngakho-ke noma yiziphi izinguquko zisebenza kuzo zombili iziphequluli ngesikhathi esisodwa.

I-Firefox iyinto ehlukile ephawulekayo. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ayisebenzisi ngempela i-proxy yesistimu, kodwa kunalokho inesigaba sayo "Sezilungiselelo Zokuxhumeka" esizinikele. Ukusuka lapho, ungakhetha kusuka ezinkethweni eziningana: Akukho proxy, ukutholwa okuzenzakalelayo, sebenzisa izilungiselelo zesistimu noma ucacise ukucushwa ngesandla kwe-HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, kanye nolunye uxhumano.

Uma ukhetha ukucushwa ngesandla ku-Firefox, kuzodingeka ufake ikheli le-IP lommeleli noma igama kanye ne-port, kanye nephrothokholi efanele (isibonelo, ukusetha ummeleli we-HTTPS kuphela). Ungacacisa futhi uma kukhona ummeleli ohlukile wephrothokholi ngayinye noma uma efanayo isetshenziswa kuwo wonke umuntu, okunikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Nakuba i-Internet Explorer isiphelelwe yisikhathi, isabonakala ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni zezinkampani. Lesi siphequluli sisebenzisa izilungiselelo ze-proxy ze-Windows ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kusukela ku-Inthanethi Options, kuthebhu yokuxhumeka, uzothola inkinobho yezilungiselelo ze-LAN, lapho unga... Maka ibhokisi ukuze usebenzise iseva yommeleli bese ufaka ikheli kanye ne-port. Kuyimodeli efanayo ne-Edge kanye ne-Chrome.

Ukulungiselela ama-proxies ku-Android naku-iOS

Kumadivayisi eselula, indlela yokusebenzisa i-proxy ishintsha kancane. Ku-Android, isibonelo, i-proxy ilungiselelwe kunethiwekhi ngayinye ye-Wi-FiFuthi ngokuvamile kuthinta kuphela ithrafikhi yesiphequluli, hhayi ngempela eyazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Lokhu kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulinganiselwe futhi kuncike endleleni uhlelo ngalunye oluhlelwe ngayo.

Ukuze ulungise i-proxy ku-Android, iya kuzilungiselelo ze-Wi-Fi, thepha bese ubamba inethiwekhi oxhumeke kuyo, bese ukhetha inketho yokuyishintsha. Ngaphakathi kwezinketho ezithuthukisiwe, uzothola isigaba se... izilungiselelo ze-proxy, lapho ungashintshela khona kwimodi yokwenziwa ngesandla bese ufaka igama lomphathi weseva kanye nephothi. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa ifayela lokucushwa okuzenzakalelayo (i-PAC) ngokucacisa i-URL yalo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, kuye ngenguqulo ye-Android kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe, ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zingase zingayinaki le proxy futhi ziqhubeke nokuxhuma ngqo. Ngakho-ke, lapho umgomo uwukuvikela... yonke ithrafikhi yedivayisiNgokuvamile kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-VPN esikhundleni se-proxy yendabuko.

Ku-iOS, indlela isetshenziswa futhi nge-Wi-Fi. Kusukela kuzilungiselelo > i-Wi-Fi, ukuthepha inethiwekhi esebenzayo kufinyelela izilungiselelo zayo, lapho uzothola khona isigaba se- Iphrokzi ye-HTTP, lapho ingashiywa ikhutshaziwe, yenziwe ngesandla, noma izenzakalelayoKumodi yesandla, igama lomphathi, i-port, kanye, uma kudingeka, iziqinisekiso zokuqinisekisa ziyagcwaliswa.

Uma umhlinzeki noma inhlangano isebenzisa ukutholwa kwe-proxy okuzenzakalelayo (isibonelo, nge-WPAD), ungakhetha imodi ezenzakalelayo futhi, uma ucelwa, ucacise indawo yefayela le-PAC. Njengaku-Android, lokhu kuthinta kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamathela ku-stack yenethiwekhi ejwayelekile ye-iOS, ngakho akuzona zonke izinhlelo ezizoziphatha ngendlela efanayo.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kokusebenzisa amadivayisi eselula kubonisa ukuthi, nakuba ama-proxies angaba usizo ezimweni ezithile, ekuvikeleni okuhlelekile kwedatha ebucayi kanye bhala ngemfihlo ithrafikhi kumanethiwekhi omphakathiI-VPN ivame ukunikeza imiphumela engcono ngokumboza yonke idivayisi.

Uhlu lwamaseva e-proxy omphakathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo kuziphequluli

Uma ungafuni ukusetha iseva yakho futhi udinga nje ukuhlola noma ukusebenzisa ama-proxies ngezikhathi ezithile, kunezinsizakalo ezishicilelayo uhlu lwama-proxies wamahhalaPhakathi kwezaziwa kakhulu yi-Free Proxy, Hide My Name, ProxyScan, ProxyNova noma i-SSL Proxy, ezinikeza uhlu olubuyekeziwe olunolwazi oluwusizo.

Kumapulatifomu afana ne-Free Proxy, ungahlunga ngohlobo lwe-proxy (HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS4, SOCKS5), izinga lokungaziwa, kanye nezwe. Lokhu kukuvumela, isibonelo, ukuthi ukhethe iseva eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ngokwendawo ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka, noma ukukhetha eyodwa ezweni elithile ukuze kunqotshwe imikhawulo yesifunda.

Ezinye izinsizakalo, njenge-Hide My Name, zibonisa imiphumela enezilinganiso ze-ping zesikhathi sangempela, ngakho-ke ungakhetha ama-proxies ane-latency ephansi. Ngokuvamile futhi kungenzeka ukuhlela nge... isivinini, izinga lokungaziwa, noma uhlobo lwephrothokholiI-ProxyScan, yona, ivelele ngokunikeza izinkulungwane zamaseva nokuhlola uhlu njalo ngemizuzu embalwa ukuze ihlale inolwazi lwakamuva.

Ukuze usebenzise enye yalezi zi-proxies kusiphequluli sakho, ngokuvamile udinga izingcezu ezintathu zolwazi: ikheli le-IP leseva, imbobo eliyisebenzisayo kanye nephrothokholi (HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS, njll.). Endabeni ye-Chrome noma i-Edge ku-Windows, ukucushwa kwenziwa esigabeni se-proxy sesistimu, lapho kufakwa khona ikheli le-IP kanye ne-port kuphela.

Ku-Firefox, njengoba inephaneli yayo, ngaphezu kwe-IP kanye ne-port, kubalulekile ukukhetha iphrothokholi efanele futhi, uma ufuna ukusebenzisa iseva efanayo kukho konke, hlola inketho yokuthi Isebenza ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zethrafikhi.Uma izinguquko sezigciniwe, izicelo zesiphequluli zizoqala ukudlula kuleyo seva yomphakathi.

Uma ukhetha ama-proxies wamahhala, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu. Amaningi awo agcina umsebenzi wawo, afaka izikhangiso, anciphise isivinini, noma asebenze nawo izinhloso ezimbi ngokusobalaUma uzophatha ulwazi oluyimfihlo (lwasebhange, i-imeyili yenkampani, idatha yomuntu siqu) akuwona umqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa ama-proxies angaziwa noma lawo angenalo idumela eliqinisekisiwe.

Hlola ukuthi i-proxy iyasebenza yini nokuthi uphequlula ngekheli le-IP elihlukile

Uma usuyimisile i-proxy, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyasebenza ngempela futhi ifihla ikheli lakho le-IP. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa amawebhusayithi... Zibonisa ikheli lakho le-IP lomphakathi, njengokuthi “yini i-IP yami” kanye nokunye okufanayo.

Inqubo ilula: ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-proxy, vakashela elinye lala makhasi bese uqaphela ikheli le-IP elibonisiwe. Bese ulungiselela i-proxy kusiphequluli sakho noma ohlelweni lokusebenza, uyisebenzise, ​​bese ulayisha kabusha iwebhusayithi efanayo. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, kufanele manje ubone ikheli le-IP elihlukile, okungokweseva yommeleli

Indawo eboniswe ekhasini ingaba sedolobheni elifanayo, kwesinye isifundazwe, kwelinye izwe, noma ngisho nakwelinye izwekazi, kuye ngeseva ekhethiwe. Yilokhu kanye okusetshenziswayo ukuze Ukudlula amabhlogo ezindawo kanye nokulingisa izindawo ehlukile kweyangempela, isibonelo ukufinyelela izinsizakalo ezivinjelwe yisifunda.

Uma ngemuva kokumisa i-proxy usabona ikheli lakho le-IP elijwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona iphutha kumapharamitha, iseva ayisebenzi, isiphequluli asihloniphi ukumisa, noma olunye uhlelo lokusebenza alusebenzi kahle. ukudlula i-proxy nokuxhuma ngqoUma kunjalo, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ubuyekeze ngokucophelela isethingi ngayinye, futhi uma kuyindawo yenkampani, khuluma nethimba le-IT.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-proxy ne-VPN

Nakuba kuvame ukukhulunywa ngakho emshweni ofanayo, i-proxy kanye ne-VPN akufani. Kokubili kusebenza njengabaxhumanisi phakathi kwedivayisi yakho nenethiwekhi, futhi kokubili kungakwenza fihla i-IP yakho yangempelaKodwa-ke, izinhloso kanye nobubanzi bobuchwepheshe kuhluke kakhulu.

I-proxy yendabuko iqondisa kabusha ithrafikhi yohlelo lokusebenza noma isethi elinganiselwe yezinhlelo (isibonelo, isiphequluli) ngeseva yomlamuleli. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphandle kokubethela okugcwele kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, ukuze Idatha ingase isabonakala ku-ISP noma kunoma ubani ovimba uxhumano ezindaweni ezithile endleleni.

Ngokuphathelene nobubanzi, i-proxy ivame ukusebenza ohlelweni oluthile, kuyilapho i-VPN ihlanganisa izinga lesistimu yokusebenza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma udinga Vikela konke, kusukela kusiphequluli sakho kuya kuzinhlelo zakho zokusebenza zemiyalezo.Ngezibuyekezo nokuxhumeka kwangemuva, i-VPN inikeza ukumbozwa okubanzi kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, ama-VPN amaningi ezentengiselwano adumile asebenzisa ama-algorithms aqinile okubethela, kuyilapho ama-proxies amaningi, ikakhulukazi amahhala, Ababetheli lutho noma ingxenye ethile yethrafikhi kuphelaYingakho ama-VPN ebhekwa njenganikeza isivikelo esiqinile ekulaleleni izindaba, kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi asengozini, kanye nokuhlolwa ngabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi.

Ngokusebenza, i-proxy ingaba lula futhi isheshe emisebenzini ethile, ikakhulukazi uma igcina i-HTTP. I-VPN, okumele ibethele futhi isuse ukubethela konke ukugeleza kwedatha, ifaka imali eyengeziwe, yize lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ngamaseva anamandla nokuxhumana okuhle. umehluko osebenzayo ungase ube mncane ezimweni eziningi.

Ukuhlanganisa i-proxy ne-VPN kungenzeka, futhi ngokombono, kunezela izendlalelo zobumfihlo. Kodwa-ke, futhi kwenza kube nzima ukusetha, kungadala izingxabano, futhi akuhlali kunikeza izinzuzo ezihambisana nomzamo. Ezimweni eziningi, kubasebenzisi bokugcina, i- I-VPN ekhethwe kahle yaneleI-proxy igcinelwe imisebenzi yokuhlunga, ukulondoloza isikhashana, noma ukulawula ezindaweni zezinkampani.

Iqiniso liwukuthi alikho ikhambi elilodwa elibanzi: kwezinye izimo i-proxy elungiselelwe kahle yanele; kwezinye into enengqondo okufanele uyenze ukukhetha i-VPN yezentengiselwano enomlando omuhle, futhi ezimweni zebhizinisi zombili ubuchwepheshe buhlanganiswa kanye nezingodo zomlilo nezinye izendlalelo zokuphepha.

Ukuqonda ukuthi amaseva e-proxy asebenza kanjani, izinzuzo zawo, nokuthi ungawahlela kanjani ngendlela efanele ku-Windows, macOS, iziphequluli, namadivayisi eselula kukubeka esimweni esiqinile sokuvikela ubumfihlo bakho, ukwenza ngcono inethiwekhi yakho, nokugwema izimanga ezingathandeki. Ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, uzoqala ekuboneni ama-proxy njengento eyimfihlakalo bese uwaphatha njengengxenye yemvelo yebhizinisi lakho. Ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo lokulawula nokuthuthukisa uxhumano lwakho kokubili ekhaya nasezindaweni zomsebenzi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Konke mayelana ne-Nginx: Kuyini, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi kungani iziqhwaga ze-inthanethi ziyisebenzisa.