- I-router isebenza njengesisekelo senethiwekhi, isabalalisa uxhumano lwe-inthanethi phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi.
- Hlukanisa isignali ye-WAN evela kumodemu ukuze udale inethiwekhi yendawo ephephile nesebenzayo (i-LAN).
- Inikeza amathuluzi okuphatha athuthukile njenge-QoS, amanethiwekhi ezivakashi, kanye nokuhlunga kwe-MAC.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani, kusukela kumamodeli e-WiFi 6 asekhaya kuya kuma-router ayinhloko ebhizinisi.
Cishe une-router yakho efihliwe ekhoneni elithile legumbi lakho lokuphumula futhi usukhohliwe ngokuphelele ukuthi ikhona, kodwa yingxenye ebalulekile ekuvumela ukuthi ukufunde lokhu njengamanje. Ngokuyisisekelo, yi- ubuchopho bokuxhumana kwakho ekhayaukuqinisekisa ukuthi isignali ye-inthanethi ifinyelela kufoni yakho ephathekayo, kuthebhulethi yezingane zakho, noma kukhompyutha yakho yasehhovisi lasekhaya ngaphandle kwesiphithiphithi semigqa.
Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi simane siyibize ngokuthi "ibhokisi le-WiFi," le divayisi yenza okungaphezu nje kokukhipha amagagasi. Inesibopho salokhu phatha ithrafikhi yedatha ukuze ulwazi lungalahleki endleleni futhi lufinyelele ngqo kudivayisi ecelile, lusebenza njengohlobo lwe-ejenti yethrafikhi yedijithali ekhaya lakho.
Iyini ngempela i-router futhi isetshenziselwani?
Ukuze uthole ubuchwepheshe, i-router iyi-hardware ekhethekile esebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yendawo ne-inthanethi enkulu. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko amaphakethe edatha yomzilaUkubala indlela ephumelela kakhulu yolwazi lokuhamba phakathi kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene kusetshenziswa amakheli e-IP.
Ngaphandle kwale divayisi, yonke imishini ekhaya lakho izodinga uxhumano oluhlukile nomhlinzeki wesevisi, okungaba yisiphithiphithi sezokuthutha. Ngenxa ye-router, singakwazi yabelana ngomugqa owodwa we-inthanethi phakathi kwamadivayisi amaningi, okudala lokho esikwaziyo njengenethiwekhi yendawo noma i-LAN, okusivumela futhi ukuthi sidlulisele amafayela phakathi kwamakhompyutha ngaphandle kokuya kuwebhu.
Inkinga yaphakade: I-Router vs I-Modem
Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abantu badide la magama amabili, kodwa enza izinto ezihluke ngokuphelele. I-modem yilokho inethiwekhi yangaphandle ekubonayo; umsebenzi wayo guqula isignali ye-analog (kungaba i-fiber, ikhebula, noma isathelayithi) ibe idatha yedijithali engasetshenziswa yimishini. Kuyisango le-WAN (Wide Area Network) eliya ekhaya lakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-router ithatha leso siginali esivele sidijithali bese Sabalalisa emaqenjini akhokungaba ngezintambo ze-Ethernet noma ngaphandle kwentambo nge-Wi-Fi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lokhu Umehluko phakathi kwe-router, i-modem, i-switch kanye ne-hubKuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi kulezi zinsuku iningi labaqhubi lifaka idivayisi noma isango "elihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi ebhokisini elilodwa", yize kubasebenzisi abathuthukile ngokuvamile kungcono ukuba nayo ihlukaniswe ukuze bathole ukulawula.
Isebenza kanjani inqubo yokuqondisa?
Uma ucela ikhasi lewebhu, idivayisi yakho ithumela isicelo ku-router, esidlulisela ku-modem, bese sithunyelwa kumaseva e-inthanethi. Endleleni ebuyayo, i-router ithola impendulo futhi, nge- uhlelo lwenani le-metric kanye nezinquboInquma indlela esheshayo yokuletha leyo datha kudivayisi efanele ngokusekelwe ekhelini layo le-IP langasese.
Le nqubo ishesha kakhulu kangangokuba yenzeka ngama-millisecond. I-router inika ubunikazi obuhlukile kudivayisi ngayinye exhunyiwe ukuvimbela ukushayisana. Ukube la madivayisi abengekho, uhlelo belungeke lusebenze kahle. izivumelwano zokuxhumanaIdatha izofika ngokungahleliwe futhi bekungeke kwenzeke ukuyizulazula ngokuzinzile.
Izinhlobo zama-router ngokuya ngesakhiwo sawo
Akuwona wonke ama-router afanayo, njengoba kunezinguqulo ezenzelwe izidingo ezihlukene kakhulu:
- Ama-Router angenantambo: Yizo ezivamile ukusetshenziswa ekhaya, ezihlanganisa ama-antenna ukuze akhiphe i-WiFi futhi avumele ukuhambahamba okuphelele.
- Ama-Router anezintambo: Abanayo i-WiFi futhi bathembele ngokuphelele kumachweba e-Ethernet, okubenza babe uzinze kakhulu futhi ushesha kakhuluilungele imidlalo noma amaseva adlulele.
- Ama-Router Ayinhloko: Amaqembu amakhulu atholakala enhliziyweni yamanethiwekhi amakhulu ezinkampani aphatha amanani amakhulu edatha.
- Ama-Edge Routers: Zisebenza njengomngcele wangaphandle wenethiwekhi, zixhumanisa ingqalasizinda yangaphakathi nengaphandle.
- Ama-router abonakalayo: Isofthiwe elingisa imisebenzi yehadiwe efwini, enikeza ukukhuliswa okukhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe.
Izici ezibalulekile kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje
Uma ucabanga ukuthenga eyodwa, ungagxili nje entengo. ukumbozwa kanye nokufinyelela Zibalulekile; funa imishini enobuchwepheshe bokwenza imisebe noma ama-antenna amaningi uma indlu yakho inezindonga noma izibuko ezijiyile kakhulu ezivimba isignali. Uma udinga usizo, ungaxhumana nochwepheshe Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukhetha i-router bese uthenga kahle.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza, ama-router e-dual-band ajwayelekile namuhla, njengoba esakaza kokubili ku-2,4 GHz kanye ne-5 GHz ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugxuma kuya ku- I-WiFi 6 ejwayelekile (802.11ax) Kuye kwaba yinto entsha, okuvumela isivinini esifinyelela ku-9,6 Gbps kanye nokubambezeleka okuphansi kakhulu, kuhlaziya izinzuzo zangempela ze-WiFi 6 uma kuqhathaniswa nezinguqulo zangaphambiliniLokhu kubalulekile kumakholi wevidiyo kanye nokudlala imidlalo eku-inthanethi.
Elinye igugu lobuchwepheshe yi- Uhlelo lwe-WiFi Mesh noma lwe-meshEsikhundleni sokusebenzisa iziphindaphindo eziyisisekelo ezakha amanethiwekhi ahlukene futhi zikhiqize izithiyo, i-mesh idala inethiwekhi eyodwa ehlakaniphile enama-node amaningana axhumanayo, isusa izindawo ezifile emakhaya amakhulu kunamamitha-skwele angu-300.
Izici ezithuthukisiwe zokuthola okuningi ngokuxhumeka kwakho
Iningi lethu lilungiselela kuphela igama lenethiwekhi nephasiwedi, kodwa ukufinyelela isikhombikubona sokuphatha (ngokuvamile kukheli le-IP 192.168.1.1) kuvula umhlaba wamathuba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungafunda Indlela yokufinyelela i-router yakho nokulungisa i-WiFi yakhoEnye yezinto eziwusizo kakhulu yi- Inethiwekhi Yezihambeliokuvumela izivakashi zakho ukuthi ziphequlule ngaphandle kokufinyelela kumafolda akho abelwe noma izilungiselelo zakho zenethiwekhi eziyinhloko.
Kulabo abafuna ukuphepha okuphezulu, Ukuhlunga ikheli le-MAC Yithuluzi eliphelele. Liqukethe ukudala "uhlu olumhlophe" lapho amadivayisi anomhlonzi ogunyaziwe kuphela angaxhuma khona, ngokulandela ukucushwa kwe-router evikelekile ukuvimbela noma yimuphi umuntu ohlaselayo noma ngabe uyazi iphasiwedi.
Uma ubona othile esebenzisa yonke i-bandwidth yakho ebuka uchungechunge lwe-4K ngenkathi uzama ukusebenza, ungenza kusebenze i- Ukulawula i-QoS (Ikhwalithi Yesevisi)Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi ubeke phambili ithrafikhi evela kumadivayisi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho yomsebenzi ihlala ibaluleke kakhulu kunezinye.
Okokugcina, ungayinaki i-USB port ye-router. Ukuxhuma i-hard drive yangaphandle kungashintsha i-router yakho ibe yi-USB drive. I-NAS eyisisekelo yokwabelana ngamafayela kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yendawo, noma ngisho nokuxhuma iphrinta ukuze bonke abasebenzisi endlini bakwazi ukuphrinta ngaphandle kwentambo.
Kusukela ekuphatheni amaphakethe edatha nokudala amanethiwekhi e-LAN aphephile kuya ekusebenziseni amazinga e-WiFi 6 kanye nokwenza ngcono ithrafikhi nge-QoS, i-router iyinsika engabonakali esekela impilo yethu yedijithali, esivumela ukuxhuma amadivayisi amaningi ngaphandle kwentambo futhi evikelwe ezinsongweni zangaphandle.
