Ukubuyiselwa kwe-RAID: Amaphutha Abucayi, Izixazululo, kanye Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Informatec Digital » Izinsiza » Ukubuyiselwa kwe-RAID: Amaphutha Abucayi, Izixazululo, kanye Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu

Uma uhlelo lwe-RAID luhluleka, imizuzu embalwa yokuqala ibalulekile. Kulolo cingo "Ihora legolide" ngemuva kwesinqumo Amaphutha amaningi abantu aguqula inkinga elungisekayo ibe yinhlekelele engenakuguqulwa ayenzeka kulezi zimo. Ukushintshanisa amadiski ngokungazi, ukuqala kabusha njalo, noma ukuzama ukwakha kabusha ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi yini engalungile ngokuvamile kuyindlela esheshayo yokulahlekelwa idatha ephelele.

Kungani ukululama kwe-RAID kubucayi kangaka?

Ezimweni eziningi ezibucayi, ukulahleka kolwazi akubangelwa ukwehluleka kokuqala kwehadiwe, kodwa ukwehluleka okulandelayo kwehadiwe. izenzo ezisheshayo phakathi nehora lokuqalaLeso sikhathi sibalulekile: idiski ishintsha indawo, ukuqaliswa kuqalwa ngephutha, ukwakhiwa kabusha kuyaphoqeleka, noma uhlelo luqalwa kusukela kukhophi engaphelele ku-array efanayo yesitoreji, futhi lokho okwakuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa engalawuleki kuba yiphazili cishe engenakwenzeka.

Izimo ezivame kakhulu zobungozi zifaka phakathi shintsha amadiski ngokulandelana okungalungile (ku-RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, njll.), ukufaka esikhundleni isilawuli ngesinye imodeli ngaphandle kokwenza i-cloning noma ukubhala phansi ukucushwa, ukuphoqa amadiski "ku-inthanethi" ngaphandle kokuhlaziya isimo sangempela, ukuqalisa amavolumu angalungile, noma ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa kabusha okushiywe kungaqediwe futhi konakalisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-array.

Futhi okuyingozi kakhulu isipele sibuyela ngqo ohlelweni olulimeleUkufuduka kwesitoreji sohlobo lwe-VMware Storage vMotion nge-array engazinzile, kanye nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi obhala imethadatha entsha yokucushwa kwe-RAID kumadiski ngolwazi olungabuyiselwa.

I-RAID array iyisisekelo samaseva amaningi angokoqobo, amadivayisi e-NAS, nama-SAN, futhi akucaci ngaso sonke isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi inkinga ivela ku-array uqobo. Ngakho-ke, uma ungabaza, inkambo ehlakaniphile kakhulu yesenzo... yeka konke ukubhalela amadiskiBhala phansi okwenzekile ngemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka bese ucela iseluleko kochwepheshe bokubuyisa idatha ngaphambi kokuthinta noma yini enye.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile abantu kanye nemikhuba emihle eyisisekelo

Uma i-RAID ingena esimweni esibi, idiski elilodwa noma amaningi ehluleka, noma i-NAS ingeke iqale, ukusabela okungokwemvelo kuvame ukuqhubeka nokuzama izinto "kuze kube yilapho okuthile kusebenza." Le ndlela cishe njalo igcina ibhebhethekisa inkinga ngoba Isenzo ngasinye sishiya umkhondo kumadiski. futhi ingabhala ngaphezulu ama-parities, i-metadata, noma idatha yomsebenzisi engashintshi.

Phakathi kwamaphutha avame kakhulu okwenza kube nzima ukululama yizenzo ezifana nokuthi Lungiselela i-RAID entsha usebenzisa isilawuli esifanayo namadiski afanayoUkuzama ukufaka amadiski kwenye i-drive bay ukuze "ubone ukuthi iyawabona yini" noma ukushintsha ukuhleleka okungokoqobo kwamathreyi kungenye indlela. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zenzo ziphinda zibhale kabusha ukucushwa kokuqala, zibhubhise imichilo yokulingana, futhi zinciphise kakhulu amathuba empumelelo.

Omunye umkhuba omubi ovamile ukungabhali lutho olwenzekayo. Esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuqhekeka, lokhu kubalulekile. qopha zonke izehlakalo ngokulandelana kwazo: ukucima kukagesi, imiyalezo yesistimuIzinguquko zediski, imizamo yokwakha kabusha, izibuyekezo ze-firmware, njll. Lolu lwazi lusiza ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe ukuhlanganisa iphazili.

Kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukubhala phansi nokulondoloza indawo eqondile yediski ngayinye ku-arrayUkushintsha ama-drive bay "ngeso" noma ukulahla ama-drive okuthiwa afile kuwubuwula: uma kamuva udinga ukwakha kabusha i-RAID elebhu, ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi i-drive eyayikuyiphi indawo nokuba nawo wonke ama-drive okuqala (ngisho nalawo ashintshiwe) kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-RAID, inqubo elandelayo kufanele ilandelwe: Misa ikhompyutha, ungalungisi lutho kabusha, gcina wonke amadiski enelebulaQoqa ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nesigameko, futhi uma idatha ibalulekile, xhumana nesevisi yobuchwepheshe yokutakula ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuhlola.

Indlela ochwepheshe ababhekana ngayo nokubuyiselwa kwesistimu ye-RAID

Izinkampani ezigxile emsebenzini wokubuyisa idatha ye-RAID nge izinqubo ezihlelwe kahle kakhulu ngoba Zonke izinqumo zobuchwepheshe kumele zinciphise ingozi yomonakalo owengeziweEsimweni esivamile lapho amadiski amaningi nama-terabyte edatha esengozini, noma yisiphi isinyathelo esingenziwanga singabiza kakhulu.

Isibonelo sangempela esichazayo kakhulu yileso se-RAID array enamadiski ayishumi nambili kanye nedatha engaba ngu-12 TB. Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yayingaphathwanga kahle, ngakho-ke ikhambi eliwukuphela kwalo elisebenzayo kwakuwukusebenzisa i- Inkampani yobungcweti yokutakula idatha ye-RAIDIcala laliphuthuma; imisebenzi kwakudingeka iqale kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi i-array yayisivele ingene esimweni esibucayi ngemuva kokuthi amadiski amabili ehlulekile ngesikhathi sokucushwa kabusha.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, ochwepheshe bavame ukuqala ngokuthi shintsha wonke amadiski asaphendula futhi bahlala besebenza kumakhophi, hhayi awemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazama ukulungisa, ngangokunokwenzeka, amayunithi alimele ngokomzimba, kungaba ngokungenelela kwelabhorethri (amakamelo ahlanzekile, ukufakwa esikhundleni sekhanda, ama-elekthronikhi anikelayo, njll.) noma ngamasu okufunda athuthukile.

Endabeni ye-12 TB, inkinga enkulu kwakuwukuthi Ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-RAID kwakuqalwe ngaphambi kokwehluleka kwesibiliIsilawuli sase sivele sibale kabusha ingxenye yama-parity amasha. Inzuzo elinganiselwe ukuthi idiski yesibili yehlulekile ezigabeni zokuqala zenqubo, ngakho ingxenye enkulu yesakhiwo esidala esinengqondo yahlala ingakhiwa kabusha.

Ngemva kokuthola enye yamadiski eyonakele nokudala ikhophi ephelele, inselele yayiwukuthi ukwakha kabusha isakhiwo esinengqondo se-array ngesandlaUkuhleleka kwediski, usayizi webhulokhi, ukusatshalaliswa kokulingana, izinguquko ezingenzeka phakathi nenqubo… Lo msebenzi, ongathatha izinsuku eziningana zokuhlaziywa, usivumele ukuthi sithole cishe u-90% wedatha, okuthi, uma kubhekwa izimo, kubhekwe njengesilinganiso sempumelelo ephezulu ekubuyiselweni kwe-RAID.

Izinsizakalo zobungcweti: lokho ezivame ukukunikeza kanye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo

Izinkampani ezikhethekile ekubuyiselweni kwedatha ye-RAID zivame ukunikeza ukuxilongwa okusheshayo ngaphandle kwezindleko zangaphambiliniikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngamaseva abalulekile noma amadivayisi e-NAS akhiqizwayo. Kwezinye izimo, bazibophezela ekuhloleni inkinga zingakapheli amahora ambalwa, bathumele umbiko wokwenzeka kanye nesilinganiso sentengo esinqunyiwe, futhi basebenzise inqubomgomo "yokungabuyiselwa, yokungakhokhisi".

Isevisi evamile iqala lapho ikhasimende licela Isilinganiso samahhala sokubuyisa i-RAID yakhoKulesi sigaba sokuqala, ulwazi luqoqwa mayelana nohlobo lwe-array (i-RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10, i-JBOD, njll.), inani lamadiski, uhlelo lwefayela (isibonelo i-ext4, i-Btrfs, i-XFS, i-HFS+, i-NTFS…), ihadiwe ehilelekile (i-Synology NAS, i-QNAP, amaseva omkhiqizo, ama-SAN arrays…) kanye nencazelo eningiliziwe yezimpawu nezenzo ezithathiwe kuze kube manje.

Uma ucwaningo selwamukelwe, inkampani ivame ukuphatha Iqoqo lamahhala lemishini noma amadiski, okubonisa imiyalelo eqondile yokupakisha: sebenzisa ukugoqa okungenazimo noma okunezimbobo, beka idivayisi ebhokisini eliqinile elinezinto ezimunca ukushaqeka, vimbela amadiski ukuthi angahambi ngesikhathi sokuthutha bese ubhala kahle inombolo yesicelo.

Uma sebese-laboratory, ochwepheshe benza umsebenzi ukuxilongwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kwediski ngayinyeBakha izithombe ezincane kancane kancane noma nini lapho kungenzeka, bahlole isimo semikhakha, futhi banqume ukuthi bangayakha kanjani kabusha i-RAID nge-inthanethi. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho kwethulwa khona isilinganiso sokugcina sephesenti elilinganisiwe ledatha etholakala kanye nezikhathi zomsebenzi ezibonisayo.

Uma iklayenti livuma, inqubo yangempela yokutakula iyaqala. Ngemva kokuqinisa ama-drive nokusetha i-RAID endaweni elawulwayo, ochwepheshe bakha uhlu lwamafayela afinyelelekayo. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ikhasimende ngokuvamile alikakhokhi lutho okwamanje.Idatha ikopishwa ibe yindlela entsha (idiski yangaphandle, i-NAS entsha, njll.) bese ithunyelwa kumakhasimende, cishe njalo kufakwe ukuthunyelwa.

Okuyisisekelo: indlela i-RAID esebenza ngayo ngaphakathi

Kalula nje, uhlelo lwe-RAID luyi- isethi yamadiski angokoqobo alethwa ohlelweni lokusebenza njengeyunithi eyodwa enengqondoIsihluthulelo sisekutheni idatha isatshalaliswa kanjani, futhi ekugcineni, ukulingana phakathi kwamadiski ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza, amandla noma ukubekezelela amaphutha, noma inhlanganisela yakho konke lokhu.

Ubuchwepheshe be-RAID buvumela ukusabalalisa ulwazi ngamabhendi noma amabhlogo Le datha ibhalwa ngokuhambisana kumadiski amaningi, okusheshisa ukufinyelela ngokuhlanganisa ukudluliselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha ephindaphindayo (i-parity) igcinwa emazingeni athile ukuze kubalwe kabusha ulwazi kudiski ehlulekile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwesevisi, uma nje imikhawulo yokwehluleka echazwe ekwakhiweni kwe-array ingadluli.

Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintshanisa amadiski ashisayo Ezinhlelweni eziningi, idiski enephutha ingasuswa ngokoqobo futhi ithathelwe indawo ngaphandle kokuvala iseva noma i-storage array, okuvumela isilawuli ukuthi sakhe kabusha idatha elahlekile kudiski entsha ngemuva ngenkathi uhlelo luqhubeka nokusebenza.

Akukho "izinga le-RAID eliphelele" elilodwa kuzo zonke izimo. Izinga ngalinye libeka phambili ibhalansi ehlukile phakathi ukusebenza, ukuphepha kanye nomthamo ongasetshenziswaYingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-RAID olusethwayo ngaphambi kokuzama noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokulungisa noma wokubuyisa.

Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, i-RAID ngokwayo ivame ukwakha kabusha idatha uma ukubekezelelana kwamaphutha okuhleliwe kuhlangatshezwana nakho. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuvela izinkinga eziningana zomzimba, ezinengqondo, noma zabantu ngokulandelana, i-array ingalahlekelwa ukuhambisana futhi ingakwazi ukuzilungisa yodwa, okudinga ukungenelela kochwepheshe.

Amazinga ajwayelekile e-RAID kanye nezici zawo

Izinga ngalinye le-RAID liphatha ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha kanye nokulingana phakathi kwamadiskiLokhu kuhumusha umehluko ocacile kakhulu ekuziphatheni uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusiza ekuhloleni ingozi yangempela yokuphuka kanye nethuba lokululama ngempumelelo.

I-RAID 0, eyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, isabalalisa idatha ngemigqa okungenani kumadiski amabili ngaphandle kokugcina noma yiluphi ulwazi olungafuneki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi Ukulahlekelwa yidiski eyodwa kusho ukulahlekelwa yivolumu yonkengoba izingxenye zefayela ngalinye zisakazeke kuwo wonke amadrayivu. Inzuzo yalo eyinhloko isivinini, kodwa ngokombono wokuphepha kwedatha, libuthakathaka kakhulu.

I-RAID 1, noma i-mirroring, igcina amakhophi afanayo olwazi kumadiski amabiliUma eyodwa yehluleka, enye iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle. Ilula, ithembekile, futhi inikeza isivinini esihle sokufunda, yize inciphisa amandla asebenzisekayo, njengoba isikhala esitholakalayo silingana nesediski eyodwa ku-pair. Ekubuyiseleni, ukuba okungenani nediski eyodwa iphelele ngokuvamile kwenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu.

Kukhona futhi amazinga afana ne-RAID 3 ne-RAID 4, angasabalele kangako namuhla, ahlanganisa amadiski edatha nediski enikezelwe kuyo ukulingana kwesitoloKu-RAID 3, ukufinyelela kumadiski edatha kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi idiski ye-parity iba yisithiyo esingaba khona, kuyilapho ku-RAID 4, ukufinyelela okuzimele kakhulu kudiski ngayinye yedatha kuyavunyelwa, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo ethile yomsebenzi.

I-RAID 5 cishe iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zeseva neze-NAS. Isabalalisa idatha ngemigqa kumadiski amaningi. amabhlogo e-parity ahlanganisa wonke amayunithingaphandle kokunikezela idiski kulowo msebenzi kuphela. Le nhlangano ivumela ukubekezelela ukwehluleka kwediski nokwakha kabusha ulwazi lwayo kudrayivu entsha yokufaka esikhundleni, uma nje kungenzeki ukwehluleka kwesibili ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha.

I-RAID 6 ithatha isinyathelo esengeziwe sokuphepha. gcina amabhlogo amabili okulingana kwesethi ngayinye yedathaLokhu kuyivumela ukuthi imelane nokwehluleka ngasikhathi sinye kwamadiski amabili ngaphandle kokulahleka kwedatha. Kudinga umthamo wediski owengeziwe wokulingana kanye namandla ekhompyutha engeziwe, kodwa ngokubuyisela inikeza isilinganiso esikhulu samaphutha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okuboshwe, isici esibaluleke kakhulu kuma-array amakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwala mazinga "ajwayelekile", kunezinhlanganisela ezifana ne-RAID 10 (mirroring + striping), i-RAID 50 noma i-60, kanye nokucushwa okuqondile noma kwe-JBOD, lapho Amadiski ahlanganiswa nje ukuze akhe ivolumu eyodwa enkulungaphandle kokuphindaphinda kwangempela. Akukho nakunye kwalezi zimo lapho i-RAID ithatha indawo yesistimu yokusekela eklanywe kahle.

Ukwehluleka okuvamile kwesistimu ye-RAID kanye nalapho ukululama kuba nzima

Izinhlelo ze-RAID zinedumela lokuqina, futhi kufanele, kodwa azinazo izinkinga. Empeleni, kuvela izinkinga. ukwehluleka ngokomzimba, okunengqondo, kanye nokwesintuokuvame ukuhlanganiswa ndawonye futhi kuholele ezimweni ezibucayi ngokombono wokululama.

Ngokombono onengqondo, esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu kakhulu yi- ukulahlekelwa noma ukonakala kwamabhendi okulinganaUma i-metadata ebonisa ukuthi idatha isatshalaliswa kanjani kanye nokulingana phakathi kwamadiski konakala, i-RAID ayisakwazi ukuphinda ikhiqize ulwazi ngokwayo futhi kudingeka ukungenelela kwangaphandle ukuthola nokwakha kabusha leyo mivimbo ngesandla noma ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ngokuphathelene nehadiwe, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi iphesenti elincane lamadiski kunoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda ethile lingahluleka ngokomzimba njalo ngonyaka, cishe u-2-3%. Ku-array enamadiski amaningi, lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuba okuthi okungenani elilodwa lihluleke awancane. Ukwehluleka kwemishini, ukukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi, i-firmware enephutha, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, noma izingxenye zekhwalithi embi Lezi yizimbangela ezivamile zezehlakalo zomzimba.

Izinkinga ziba zimbi kakhulu lapho kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwesibili ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha, ikakhulukazi ku-RAID 5 noma ukucushwa kwamadiski amaningi. Uma, ngenkathi uhlelo luvuselela idatha kusuka kudiski ehlulekile, enye idiski iqala ukubhekana namaphutha amakhulu, i-array ingasuka ekubeni yonakele iye ekubeni ingafinyeleleki nhlobo. Uma ukubekezelelana kwamadiski okungaphezu kwalokho obekulindelwe kwehlulekaI-logic yangaphakathi ye-RAID ayisanele, futhi amasu okutakula athuthukile kumele asetshenziswe.

Iphutha lomuntu liqeda ingxube: ukulibazisa ukushintshwa kwe-hard drive eyayivele inikeza izixwayiso, ukunganaki ama-alamu okulawula, Izinhlelo ezivaliwe ngendlela engafanele ngesikhathi sokucima kukagesi okuphindaphindiwe, faka abashayeli abangalungileUkuphoqelela ukuqala kabusha okuqhubekayo noma ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokulungisa ngaphandle kokwenza izipele zakamuva kuyimikhuba eyandisa kakhulu ingozi yokulahleka kwedatha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ekhethekile: isibonelo esisebenzayo nge-R-Studio

Uma i-RAID ingasatholakali ngesilawuli sokuqala, enye yezinketho zobuchwepheshe iwukuthi phinda wakhe kabusha i-array ngesofthiwe ekhethekileAmathuluzi afana ne-R-Studio akuvumela ukuthi uthole ama-RAID asasebenza kahle njengokungathi angamavolumu ajwayelekile, futhi ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu, ukusetha ama-RAID abonakalayo avela kumadiski noma izithombe zediski.

Umgomo wokusebenza uqukethe ukudala i-virtual RAID esekelwe kumadiski angokoqobo noma amakhophi ezithombe zawoLokhu kwenziwa ngokufaka ngesandla amapharamitha afana nenani lamadiski, usayizi wamabhulokhi, i-offset yokuqala, uhlobo lwe-RAID (0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, JBOD, ZFS RAIDZ, RAIDZ2, njll.), kanye ne-disk order. Uma isofthiwe isithole uhlelo lwefayela olusebenzayo, le RAID ebonakalayo yethulwa njengevolumu engasetshenziswa lapho amafayela angafakwa khona ohlwini futhi abuyiselwe khona.

Isibonelo, kuhlu olulula lwe-RAID 5 lwamadiski amathathu anamabhulokhi angu-64 KB kanye ne-"asynchronous left" parity order, kunganele khetha amadiski amathathu ngokulandelana okufaneleCacisa usayizi webhlokhi, setha i-offset efanele, bese uvumela ithuluzi ukuthi libone ukwahlukanisa. Ukusuka lapho, ungavula ivolumu, uhlole amafolda, ubuke kuqala amafayela (ikakhulukazi amakhulu), bese uqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sifakwe kahle.

Kumalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njenge-RAID 5 enamabhulokhi angu-4KB kanye nephethini yokulingana ngokwezifiso, kuyadingeka chaza ngesandla ithebula le-oda lamabhulokhiLokhu kuhilela ukufaka, umugqa nomugqa, idiski equkethe ibhulokhi ngayinye yedatha noma inani le-parity, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulandelana kuyavumelana. Isofthiwe iyakwazisa uma ithola ukungahambisani kuleli thebula ukuze kulungiswe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izinguquko.

Esinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuphepha ukuthi lawa ma-RAID abonakalayo izinto ezinengqondo kuphela ngaphakathi kwesofthiweAbabhali lutho kumadiski okuqala abadalwe ngawo. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlola ngezinhlanganisela ezahlukene zamapharamitha kuze kube yilapho kutholakala leyo eyakha kabusha uhlelo lwefayela ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kwengozi yokwenza umonakalo ube mubi kakhulu.

Ezimweni lapho idiski ebonakalayo ingekho, amanye amathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi uyishintshe nge-"idiski engekho" noma ibhulokhi yesikhala esingenalutho, okulingisa ukuziphatha kwe-RAID eyonakele. Noma kunjalo, ukuze ukubuyisa ifayela kube okuthembekile, wonke amapharamitha kumele abe alungile; usayizi webhulokhi owodwa ongalungile noma i-offset engabalwanga kahle ingonakala amafayela akhishwe, yingakho kubalulekile ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe.

Izinhlobo ze-RAID kanye nokuziphatha kwazo lapho kubhekene nokulahleka kwedatha

Ngale kwamazinga ajwayelekile, izinhlelo ze-RAID zanamuhla ziyasekela izinhlobo eziningi zokucushwa kwe-hybrid kanye ne-linearNgayinye iletha izinselele ezahlukene uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola ulwazi ngemva kokwehluleka okukhulu.

Ku-RAID 0 (pure striping), idatha ihlukaniswa ibe ngamaqembu amancane abhalwa ngokulandelana kuwo wonke amadiski ku-array. Umthamo ophelele uyisamba sawo wonke ama-drive, kodwa Akukho ukuphindaphindwa kwanoma yiluphi uhloboUma enye yamadiski ihluleka, lonke ivolumu liyayeka ukusetshenziswa, futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokutakula ihilela amasu athuthukile azama ukwakha kabusha lokho okungatholakala kumadiski asindayo.

I-RAID 1 ihlala igcina amakhophi afanayo ayo yonke idatha kudiski ngayinye yesibukoLokhu kulula kuyinzuzo enkulu ezinqubweni zokutakula, ngoba uma enye yamadiski ihlala ingashintshiwe, idatha yayo ingafinyelelwa ngqo njengokungathi iyidiski ezimele, noma okuqukethwe kwayo kungakopishwa kudrayivu entsha bese isibuko senziwa kabusha kamuva.

Emazingeni e-RAID njenge-RAID 4 kanye ne-RAID 5, lapho i-parity isatshalaliswa ngendlela ehlukile, umthamo ongasetshenziswa ngokuvamile uyisamba sawo wonke amadiski ngaphandle komthamo olingana neyodwa yawo. kudingeka sakhe kabusha ngokwezibalo idatha kudiski kusuka ku-parity Yilokhu okwenza kube nzima ukululama lapho kwenzeka ukwehluleka ngokulandelana futhi kulahleka amadiski amaningi kunalokho okuvunyelwe umklamo.

Ukucushwa kwe-Linear noma i-JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) kuhlanganisa amadiski amaningana anobukhulu obufanayo noma obuhlukile ukuze kwakheke iyunithi eyodwa, enkulu nenengqondo ngaphandle kokusabalalisa idatha ngesikhathi esifanayo. Akunikezi ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo kokusebenza noma ukuphindaphinda. Uma noma iyiphi idiski yehluleka, ukufinyelela kuyo yonke ivolumu kuyalahleka.Kulezi zimo, ukululama kuhilela ukusebenza kudiski ngayinye nokwakha kabusha okuqukethwe ngesandla kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingakathinteki.

Zonke lezi zimo ziqokomisa ukuthi, noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe bokugcina bungaba buthuthuke kangakanani, Ukusekela ngokulondoloza kwangaphandle nokuqinisekisiwe kusabalulekile.I-RAID inciphisa noma iqeda isikhathi sokungasebenzi uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okuthile, kodwa ayivikeli ekususweni ngengozi, ekonakaleni okunengqondo, ekuhlaselweni kwe-malware, noma emaphutheni okucushwa abhubhisa ulwazi ezingeni lesistimu yamafayela.

Amathiphu ayisihluthulelo okunciphisa izingozi nokuvikela idatha yakho

Isincomo sokuqala, noma ngabe sibonakala sisobala kangakanani, sithi gcina inqubomgomo yokusekela njalo lokho akuxhomekile ku-RAID uqobo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaseva, izindawo zokusebenza, ama-smartphone, izinhlelo ze-NAS, nanoma iyiphi enye idivayisi lapho kugcinwa khona idatha ebalulekile. Kungale ndlela kuphela, uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okukhulu, lapho isevisi ingabuyiselwa khona ngaphandle kokuthembela empumelelweni yokutakula kwe-forensic.

Uma kwenzeka isigameko futhi kungekho sisekelo esingasetshenziswa, isinyathelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu yilesi gwema noma yikuphi ukuzama ukulungisa "okwenziwe ekhaya" Ngaphandle kokuqonda okucacile kwezinyathelo nemiphumela yazo, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amathuluzi okulungisa uhlelo lwamafayela, ukuqala ukwakhiwa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, noma ukushintsha ama-drive bay, kuyalulekwa ukubonisana nochwepheshe bokubuyisa idatha bese ubachazela ngesimo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ibalulekile futhi qaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokwehlulekaAmadiski aqala ukubonisa imikhakha ephinde yahlukaniswa, abalawuli abakhiqiza izexwayiso, amalogi esistimu anezixwayiso ze-I/O, ama-array esitoreji aphawula i-array njengeyonakele… Ukungazinaki lezi zimpawu ngenxa yobuvila noma ukwesaba ukumisa isevisi ngokuvamile kuyisiqalo sokwehluleka okukhulu kakhulu nokubiza kakhulu.

Okokugcina, uma inani ledatha liphezulu, kubalulekile ukuhlonza kusengaphambili umhlinzeki wokuthola idatha othembekileUma isikhathi sifika, ukuxhumana ngqo kunciphisa izikhathi zokusabela, kuvumela ukuthola imiyalelo enembile kusukela ekuqaleni, futhi kwandisa amathuba okulondoloza ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqwe ezimweni eziningi kubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yomklamo we-RAID ofanele, ama-backups athembekile, impendulo ezolile yokwehluleka, kanye nokusekelwa kochwepheshe lapho kudingeka yikho okwenza umehluko phakathi kokwesaba okulawulwayo nokulahlekelwa kwedatha okubhubhisayo.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ukwehluleka kwe-RAID: izimpawu, izimbangela, kanye nendlela yokugwema ukulahlekelwa idatha yakho