- I-Android iyi-ecosystem yeselula esekelwe ku-kernel ye-Linux kanye nekhodi yomthombo ovulekile, okuvumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso okukhulu kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamadivayisi.
- Ukwakhiwa kwayo kusekelwe endaweni yokusebenza ye-ART kanye nohlaka lwe-Java, okwenza kube lula ukudalwa kwezigidi zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakala ezitolo ezahlukene.
- Nakuba ivelele ngokuguquguquka kwayo kanye nenkululeko yayo, ibhekene nezinselele ezifana nokuqhekeka kwesofthiwe kanye nobuthakathaka bokuphepha obuhambisana nobuntu bayo obuvulekile.
Uma sikhuluma ngamaselula, cishe akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa eye-Android. Lolu hlelo, oluye lwaba yiphrojekthi enkulu lwaya ekubuseni imakethe yomhlaba wonke, empeleni luyi- ubuchopho bezigidi zamadivayisi esiziphethe ephaketheni lethu. Akuyona nje i-interface enhle, kodwa iyipulatifomu eqinile evumela konke kusukela ku-smartwatch kuya ohlelweni lwemoto ukuthi kusebenze ngaphansi komqondo ofanayo.
Okwenza i-Android ibe ekhethekile kangaka ukuthi akuyona uhlelo oluvaliwe. Njengoba isekelwe ku- I-Linux kernel kanye nesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekileLokhu kuye kwavumela abakhiqizi emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bayishintshe futhi bayivumelanise nothando lwabo. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ifoni ye-Samsung izizwa ihlukile kunefoni ye-Xiaomi, yize bobabili besebenzisa uhlelo olufanayo oluyisisekelo.
Imishini yangaphakathi: Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Nezingxenye
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-Android isebenza kanjani, kufanele ubheke ngaphansi kwe-hood. Konke kuqala nge i-linux kernelLolu ngqimba lunesibopho semisebenzi enzima kakhulu, njengokuphatha imemori, ukuphepha, kanye nabalawuli behadiwe. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu kukhona i-Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), esebenza njengomhumushi ukuze uhlelo lukwazi ukuxhumana nezingxenye ezibonakalayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziluhlobo luni lomkhiqizo wazo.
Ngokuphathelene nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, kube noshintsho olukhulu. Ngaphambilini, kwakusetshenziswa umshini we-Dalvik virtual, kodwa kusukela enguqulweni 5.0 kuqhubeke, washintshela ku... Isikhathi sokusebenza se-Android (ART)Umehluko ukuthi i-ART ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okwenza idivayisi Sebenzisa kahle kakhulu futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwakho futhi isebenzisa ibhethri elincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luthembele ku- uhlaka lokufaka isicelo Kususelwa ku-Java ne-Kotlin, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi basebenzise ama-API ajwayelekile ukufinyelela ikhamera noma i-GPS.
Ngobuchwepheshe, uhlelo luyisilo. Lwakhiwe yizigidi zemigqa yekhodi ebhalwe ngo I-C, i-C++, i-Java kanye ne-XMLUkuze ugcine idatha endaweni, sebenzisa i-SQLite, isizindalwazi esilula esisebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi oxhumana nabo noma izilungiselelo zakho zilondolozwa ngaphandle kokunciphisa ijubane lekhompyutha yakho.
Izinzuzo: Inkululeko Nokuguquguquka
Uma kukhona into eyodwa ekhathaza abasebenzisi bezinhlelo ezivaliwe, ukuntuleka kokulawula, futhi yilapho i-Android ikhanya khona. ngokwezifiso umthamo Kunonya; ungashintsha yonke into kusukela kusiqalisi sohlelo lokusebenza (njenge-Nova Launcher) kuya ekufakeni ama-ROM ahlukile njenge-LineageOS noma i-GrapheneOS uma ufuna ukusula iminonjana ye-Google.
- Ukwehlukahlukana kwehadiwe: Kukhona omakhalekhukhwini abazosebenzisa yonke imali, kusukela kumamodeli asezingeni eliphansi kuya kwanamandla kakhulu aphezulu.
- Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lwemvelo: I-Google Play Store inkulu kakhulu, yize ungafaka namafayela e-APK lapho. Ezinye izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ze-Google Play Store noma sebenzisa izitolo ezifana ne-F-Droid ukuthola isofthiwe yamahhala.
- Ukuvumelanisa okugcwele: Ukuhlanganisa ne izinsiza ze-google I-Gmail, iDrayivu, kanye neKhalenda kwenza konke kuhambe kahle phakathi kwamadivayisi akho.
- Ukwenza izinto eziningi kwangempela: I-Android ikuvumela ukuthi uphathe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, uthuthukise inkumbulo ukuze ungadingi ukuvala yonke into njalo uma ushintsha imisebenzi.
Olunye uhlangothi lwemali: Ububi Nezingozi
Akusikho konke ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nothingo. Njengoba kuyisistimu evulekile kangaka, i-Android ihlushwa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi izingcezuLokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba i-Google ikhipha inguqulo entsha, abakhiqizi bathatha izinyanga (noma iminyaka) ukuyivumelanisa namamodeli abo, okushiya abasebenzisi abaningi benezinguqulo ezindala kanye ubungozi bokuphepha obungavaliwe.
Obunye ubuthakathaka ubuthakathaka. Ngokuvumela ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela ngaphandle kwesitolo esisemthethweni, kulula kumsebenzisi ongaqaphile ukuthi azifake. i-malware noma i-TrojansNgakho-ke, ukuba nesofthiwe ye-antivirus nokukhetha ama-APK kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukufaka ubumfihlo engcupheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokusebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi, nakuba luwusizo, lungaba usizo ukudla ibhethri uma zingasetshenziswa Amathuluzi okwenza ngcono impilo yebhethri ku-Android.
Ubumfihlo buyindaba eshisayo. Abagxeki abaningi bakhomba ukuthi i-Android iyithuluzi lokuqoqwa kwedatha le-Google. Nakuba kunezinketho zokukhawulela lokhu, izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zivame ukusekela [ukusetshenziswa kobumfihlo benkampani yangaphandle]. ukulethwa kolwazi lomuntu siqu enkampanini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhangisa kanye nezinsizakalo.
Ukuvela Kwesistimu kanye Nezinguqulo
I-Android ibilokhu inohambo oluyinqaba. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, izinguqulo bezilokhu amagama dessert ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama, njenge-Cupcake, i-Jelly Bean, noma i-Oreo. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ku-Android 10, i-Google yanquma ukushintshela ohlelweni lokuqamba izinombolo ukuze kube lula izinto, yize ngaphakathi beqhubeka nokusebenzisa amagama amnandi njenge-Baklava noma i-Cinnamon Bun.
Njengamanje, uhlelo selukhule ngale kocingo. Gqoka i-OS ngamawashi, Android TV kumathelevishini kanye Android Car yezimoto. Lokhu kwanda kubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-Google kuyaguquguquka ngokwanele ukuze Lungiselela i-Android Auto ohambweni olude futhi uzivumelanise nanoma yisiphi isikrini nenzwa.
Indlela eya kwisofthiwe yamahhala
Kulabo abafuna ukulawula okuphelele, kunezinhlelo ezifana nokuthi / e / OS noma umkhankaso we-FSFE wokukhulula i-Android. Umgomo uwukususa izingxenye eziyimfihlo ze-Google bese uzishintsha nge ezinye izindlela zomthombo ovulekileLokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ubumfihlo, kodwa futhi kuvimbela umenzi ekunqumeni ukuthi ifoni yakho izophelelwa yisikhathi nini ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisikhathi okuhleliwe.
Le ndlela yokusebenza yeselula ihlala ingumholi ongaphikiswana ngaye ngoba ihlanganisa amandla obuchwepheshe e-Linux nokuguquguquka okuvumela noma ubani, kusukela kumsebenzisi osafufusa kuya kumhleli wezinhlelo ochwepheshe, ukuthi ahlele idivayisi ngokwezidingo zakhe, alinganisele ukusebenziseka kalula kwezinsizakalo zamafu nekhono lokugcina ubukhosi phezu kwedatha yomuntu siqu.
