Ukucabanga Komkhiqizo Kwabanjiniyela Bomdabu Basefu

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Uma usebenza engqalasizinda, cishe usuqaphele ukuthi ukumane umise amaqoqo kanye nokusabalalisa izinsizakalo akwanele ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yesistimu. Sivame ukugxila kakhulu kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kangangokuthi sikhohlwa ukuthi obani abazosebenzisa ipulatifomu nokuthi yiziphi izinkinga zangempela esizama ukuzixazulula nsuku zonke.

Ukuze kumiswe ukuphuthaza ebumnyameni, kuye kwavela indlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-Product Thinking, equkethe ukuyeka ukucabanga ngengqalasizinda njengephrojekthi enosuku lokuphela bese uqala ukuyibuka njengomkhiqizo ophilayo noguqukayo . Akukhona nje ukufaka amathuluzi, kodwa mayelana nokushintsha indlela yokucabanga ukuze onjiniyela abasebenzisa ipulatifomu yethu bazizwe sengathi senza izimpilo zabo zibe lula, hhayi zibe nzima kakhulu.

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Umqondo Wokucabanga Komkhiqizo osetshenziswa kubunjiniyela

Ukucabanga Ngomkhiqizo, empeleni, inqubo yokuhlonza nokubeka phambili amaphuzu abuhlungu kumakhasimende ukuze kutholakale inani ngokuwaxazulula. Nasi iphuzu elibalulekile: ukugxila akufanele kube ekusebenzeni noma ezicini zobuchwepheshe, kodwa enkingeni uqobo. Lapho unjiniyela egxumela ngqo ekwakheni ikhambi ngaphandle kokuqonda izizathu eziyisisekelo, usengozini yokuchitha isikhathi nemali entweni ekugcineni okungekho muntu ozoyisebenzisa noma engahlangabezani nesidingo sangempela.

Ukuze sigweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthanda inkinga, hhayi ikhambi. Uma sigxila kakhulu kuleli thuluzi, sivala umnyango wokuhlola. Esikhundleni salokho, uma sikhuluma nabasebenzisi futhi sithuthukisa uzwela , singaqinisekisa imibono ngaphambi kokubhala umugqa owodwa wekhodi, sinciphise kakhulu ingozi yokudala uhlelo olugcina luwumthwalo wokusebenza noma olukhuthaza ukuvela kwe- IT yesithunzi lapho abasebenzisi befuna khona ezinye izindlela ngokwabo.

Ngokungafani nokuphathwa okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi okuvamile—okuhlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwezimfuneko, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa—indlela yomkhiqizo iyaqhubeka futhi ijikeleza . Igxila ekugcineni umzila ovulekile wokuxhumana nomsebenzisi ukuze kuhlinzekwe inani njalo. Lo mjikelezo ukhuthaza ubudlelwano bokwethembana obuvumela ipulatifomu ukuthi ikhule ngokwemvelo futhi ibe yimpumelelo ephindaphindayo yenhlangano yonke.

Ukuqonda i-Cloud Native ecosystem

Ukuze sisebenzise lokhu kucabanga, kumele siqale siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngowasefwini. Akukhona nje ukulayisha umshini obonakalayo efwini, kodwa kunalokho ukuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ngokugcwele imodeli yokubala enwebekayo . Lokhu kuhilela ukudala izinhlelo eziqinile, ezinwebekayo, nezibonakalayo ezivumela izinguquko ezivame ukuba nengozi encane, kusetshenziswa izinto ezifana neziqukathi, ama-meshes esevisi, kanye nama-API amemezelayo.

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Ukuqina kwale modeli kusekelwe ezinsikeni eziningana. Eyokuqala yifu uqobo, lapho sisuka khona emcabangweni "wezilwane ezifuywayo" (ezibizwa ngokuthi amaseva ngokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye) siye kowe "imfuyo" noma izimpahla (izibonelo ezifanayo nezilahlwayo). Ngaphansi kwalolu hlelo, uma iseva yehluleka, ayilungiswa: iyabhujiswa bese entsha isethwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziswa ingqalasizinda engaguquki.

Izimiso zomklamo wesimanje kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo

Ukuze uhlelo lokusebenza lube oluvela efwini ngempela, indlela yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Twelve-Factor ivame ukusetshenziswa . Le sethi yemithetho ihlose ukwenza ngcono ukuphatheka kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela. Amaphuzu abalulekile afaka phakathi ukuthi i-microservice ngayinye kumele ibe ne -codebase yayo kanye nokuncika okuhlukanisiwe, nokuthi ukucushwa kumele kukhishwe ukuze i-binary efanayo ikwazi ukuthuthwa phakathi kwe-QA kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ngaphandle kwezinguquko.

• Izinqubo kanye nokuhlangana ngesikhathi esisodwa: Isevisi ngayinye kufanele isebenze ngenqubo yayo futhi ilinganiswe ngokuvundlile, igweme ukukalwa okuqondile okukhulu.
• Ukulahlwa: Izimo kudingeka ziqale ngokushesha futhi zivale kahle, into ephathwa kahle yiziqukathi.
• Ukulingana kwemvelo: Indawo yokuthuthukiswa kufanele ifane ngangokunokwenzeka nendawo yokukhiqiza ukuze kugwenywe izinto ezimangazayo ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
• I-Telemetry nama-API: Kubalulekile ukuklama nge-API kuqala nokuqoqa idatha yezempilo nokusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlaka ezifana ne- Microsoft's Well-Architected Framework zisiza ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi esekelwe ezinsikeni ezinhlanu: ukuphathwa kwezindleko (ukukhokhela kuphela lokho okusebenzisayo), ukusebenza kahle (ukwenza konke kube ngokuzenzakalela), ukusebenza kahle, ukuthembeka (ikhono lokululama emaphutheni), kanye, nokuphepha okuhlanganisiwe kuyo yonke impilo.

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Amasevisi amancane kanye nokuphathwa kobunzima

Inhliziyo yezixazululo ezisuselwa efwini ilele kuma-microservices. Ngokuhlukanisa uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa lube yizinsizakalo ezincane, ezizimele, sithola ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo . Singabuyekeza ukusebenza okuthile ngaphandle kokuqala kabusha lonke uhlelo futhi silinganise izingxenye ezidingeka kakhulu kuphela, ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukise izindleko zokusebenza.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuletha izinselele. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinsizakalo kuba nzima, futhi kunesidingo sokuphatha ukuqina (kwenzekani uma isevisi B ingasabeli?) kanye nokusabalalisa idatha. Amathuluzi afana ne -Dapr asiza ukwenza kube lula lokhu ngokunikeza amabhlogo wokwakha akhiwe ngaphambilini asebenza njengeglue enamandla, evumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bagxile ku-logic yebhizinisi kunemininingwane yengqalasizinda.

Iziqukathi, Ukuhlelwa Kwezinto Ezihlanganisiwe kanye Nezinsizakalo Zokusekela

Iziqukathi ziyizinto ezibalulekile ezisiza lolu hlobo. Ngokufaka ikhodi kanye nokuncika kwayo esithombeni, siqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwi-laptop yonjiniyela njengoba lwenza kuseva yokukhiqiza. Ukuze siphathe izinkulungwane zalezi ziqukathi, sidinga i-orchestrator; futhi lapha i-Kubernetes izimise njengendinganiso yangempela, yokuphatha ukuhlela, ukuqapha impilo, kanye nokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga, ikhambi elifanele ukudlulisela ukuphathwa kwezinsiza ezisizayo (izizindalwazi, imigqa yemiyalezo, amalogi) kumasevisi okusekelayo aphethwe avela kubahlinzeki bamafu. Ngale ndlela, sisusa umthwalo wamalayisense nokugcinwa, siphatha lezi zinsizakalo njengezinsiza ezihlobene ezixhunywe ngama-URL kanye neziqinisekiso zangaphandle, sigcina ikhodi ihlukaniswe futhi iguquguquka.

Ukuzenzakalela Okuphelele: Indlela eya ku-CI/CD

Akukho kulokhu okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokwenza okuzenzakalelayo okuqinile. Ingqalasizinda njengeKhodi (IaC) ikuvumela ukuthi uchaze inethiwekhi namaseva usebenzisa izikripthi zokumemezela (njengeTerraform noma iBicep), okwenza ukuthunyelwa kuphindeke futhi kungabi namaphutha omuntu. Lokhu kuhambisana nokuhamba komsebenzi kwe -Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery (CI/CD).

Ekusebenzeni komsebenzi wesimanje, unjiniyela ulayisha ikhodi yakhe endaweni yokugcina, okubangela isigaba sokwakha nokuhlola ezenzakalelayo. Inguqulo engaguquki bese ikhiqizwa futhi ithunyelwe endaweni eqondiwe. Amathuluzi afana ne-Google Cloud Build noma i-GitHub Actions enza le nqubo ibe sobala, okwenza kube lula ngisho nokwamukelwa kwe -GitOps , lapho isimo seqoqo esifunwayo sichazwa khona ngqo kufayela le-Git.

Ukushintshela kule modeli kudinga okungaphezu nje kwamathuluzi; kudinga ushintsho lwesiko . Amaqembu kumele asebenze ngokubambisana, ahlukanise phakathi kwentuthuko kanye nemisebenzi ukuze amukele umqondo womthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe. Ngokuhlanganisa amandla obuchwepheshe e-Kubernetes kanye nefu kanye nesu eligxile kumsebenzisi , izinhlangano zingaguqula ingqalasizinda yazo ibe yinjini yebhizinisi eqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle.

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