- Ukufuduka kwamafu kuguqula i-CapEx ibe yi-OpEx, kuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka, futhi kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi bengqalasizinda ye-IT.
- Ama-Rs angu-6 (ukuthutha, ukuphinda kulungiswe, ukuchaza kabusha, ukuthenga kabusha, umhlalaphansi/ukugcinwa) avumela isu ukuthi livumelane nesicelo ngasinye.
- Ifu lithuthukisa ukuphepha, ukusabalala, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, okuvumela izinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali.
- Ukuhlela okuqinile, amaphrojekthi okuhlola, kanye namathuluzi okufuduka azinikele kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe amafu ngendlela ephephile nephumelelayo.
Ukufuduka kwamafu sekuyinto ebalulekile kunoma yimuphi umnyango we-IT ozimisele ngokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Izinhlangano eziningi ziyacabanga ukuhambisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, idatha, kanye nengqalasizinda kumapulatifomu e-cloud computing ukuze zithole ukuguquguquka, zonge izindleko, futhi zisabele ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zemakethe.
Kodwa-ke, ukusuka endaweni yendabuko yasendaweni uye endaweni yamafu akuyona nje indaba "yokuthutha amaseva." Kuhilela ukwenza izinqumo mayelana namamodeli ezindleko, izinhlobo zokufuduka, amasu okuthuthukisa, kanye nokuphathwa koshintsho lwangaphakathi. Ukuqonda kahle ukuthi ukufuduka kwamafu kuhlanganisani, ukuthi kungani kuzuzisa, kanye namasu atholakalayo (ama-Rs angu-6 adumile) kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi iphrojekthi ayibangeli ikhanda elibuhlungu.
Kuyini ngempela ukufuduka kwamafu?
Uma sikhuluma ngokufuduka kwamafu, sibhekisela enkambisweni yokuhambisa izinsiza zedijithali (izinhlelo zokusebenza, izizindalwazi, amafayela, amaseva, amanethiwekhi, nezinye izingxenye ze-IT) kusuka esikhungweni sedatha esisezindaweni noma kwenye indawo kuya engqalasizinda ye-cloud computing enikezwa ngumhlinzeki wangaphandle.
I-Cloud computing imane nje iwukulethwa kwezinsizakalo ze-IT nge-inthanethi : amandla ekhompyutha, isitoreji , izizindalwazi, ukuxhumana, isofthiwe, ukuhlaziya, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nezinye izinsizakalo eziningi ezihlanganisiwe ezisetshenziswa uma kudingeka. Ngale ndlela, esikhundleni sokuthenga nokugcina amaseva ethu, "siqasha" izinsiza uma sizidinga.
Ukufuduka kungaba ingxenye noma okuphelele. Ezinye izinhlangano ziqala ngokuhambisa umthwalo wemisebenzi ethile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile (isibonelo, i-CRM noma i-ERP efwini ) bese zigcina ezinye izinhlelo endaweni. Nokho, ezinye zamukela isu elinamandla kakhulu futhi kancane kancane zithuthela cishe yonke indawo yazo efwini esikhathini esiphakathi.
Le nqubo ivame ukuba yingxenye yesinyathelo esibanzi sokuguqula idijithali, lapho ifu lisebenza njengepulatifomu eyisisekelo yokusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuhlaziya kanye nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa ezingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zibize kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa endaweni yasendaweni kuphela.
Kungani izinkampani eziningi kangaka zamukela ukufuduka kwamafu?
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukufuduka kwamafu kuye kwasuka ekubeni inketho "entsha" kwaba yisinyathelo esicishe sibe yimpoqo ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuhambisana nemakethe yedijithali. Ubhubhane lwe-COVID-19 lwaluyisisheshisi esinonya: ukushintshela okukhulu emsebenzini okude kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kwenza kwacaca ukuthi amamodeli amaningi asekelwe kuphela kwingqalasizinda yendawo ayehluleka.
Isibonelo esicacile yi-e-commerce. Izitolo eziku-inthanethi ezazikwazi ukukhulisa amapulatifomu azo ngokushesha ukuze zibhekane nokwanda kwethrafikhi okungazelelwe zenze kanjalo ngokuthembela kuzakhiwo zamafu ezikwazi ukukhula noma ukuncipha ngokwesidingo . Lezo ezazingenalo leli khono zaphazamiseka, ukusebenza kancane, noma ukuthengisa kwalahleka ngokuphelele.
Kodwa ngale kobhubhane, ifu seliyingxenye ebalulekile cishe yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuguqula idijithali. Livumela izinhlangano ukuthi zikhulise izinsiza ngokushesha, zihlole izinsizakalo ezintsha ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kusengaphambili , futhi ziphendule izinguquko zebhizinisi ngokungqubuzana okuncane kakhulu kunasezindaweni zendabuko zasendaweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubalwa kwamafu ngokuvamile kusebenzisa amandla kahle kunezikhungo zedatha ezisezindaweni . Abahlinzeki bamafu abakhulu basebenzisa izikhungo zedatha ezilungiselelwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ngamazinga okusetshenziswa angcono, futhi ezimweni eziningi, eziqhutshwa amandla avuselelekayo. Lokhu kusiza izinkampani ukunciphisa ukunyatheliswa kwazo kwekhabhoni, okuyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezinkampani.
Eqinisweni, izifundo eziningi zibonisa ukuthi izinhlangano ezingaphezu kwengxenye zibeka ukusimama kwemvelo njengenye yezinto eziza kuqala kuzo . Ifu lihambisana kahle naleli cebo, livumela ukuhlanganiswa kwengqalasizinda futhi linciphise imfucuza yamandla ehlotshaniswa namaseva endawo angasetshenziswa kahle.
I-CapEx vs OpEx: ukushintsha amamodeli ezindleko efwini
Enye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezilethwe ukufuduka kwamafu ukushintsha kusuka kumodeli yezindleko ezinkulu (i-CapEx) kuya kumodeli yezindleko zokusebenza (i-OpEx) . Lokhu kushintsha kwezimali kanye nezezimali kuvame ukuba yimpikiswano ephoqelelayo kubaphathi abaphezulu kanye nezezimali.
Esimweni se-IT esivamile, izindleko zezimali ziyenzeka ekutshalweni kwezimali okukhulu, okwenziwa kanye kuphela: ukuthenga amaseva, ukwakha noma ukwandisa isikhungo sedatha , ukuthola amalayisense esofthiwe angapheli , izinhlelo zokugcina, imishini yenethiwekhi, njll. Lezi zimpahla ziyancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa imali yokuqala iphezulu kakhulu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, efwini, iningi lezindleko lihlelwa kabusha njenge-OpEx. Imali ephindaphindwayo (njalo ngenyanga noma ngonyaka) ikhokhwa ngezinsizakalo ezisetshenziswayo , ngokubhalisa okuguquguqukayo noma amamodeli okukhokha njengoba uhamba. Lokhu kuvumela izindleko ezingabikezelwa kalula, ezihambisana nezinga langempela lomsebenzi, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kugwema noma kunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokuqala kuhadiwe kanye nengqalasizinda.
Lolu shintsho alugcini nje ngokunciphisa umthwalo wezezimali; luphinde luvumele i-IT ukuthi ihambe ngokushesha. Esikhundleni sokuthethelela iphrojekthi yokuthola iseva kusasele izinyanga, amandla engeziwe anganikezwa ngemizuzu futhi akhululwe uma kungasadingeki, kulungiswe ukusetshenziswa kwemali cishe ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ifu liphinde lisize ekwenzeni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ibe yesimanje, okuvame ukuhunyushwa kube amalayisense esofthiwe endala ancishisiwe, abizayo kanye nokususwa kobunye ubunzima obuhambisana nokugcinwa kwawo okuqhubekayo endaweni.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuthuthela efwini
Izizathu zokucabangela ukufuduka kwamafu ziyahlukahluka, kodwa kunezinzuzo ezivamile cishe kuzo zonke izinhlangano. Phakathi kwezibaluleke kakhulu ukuguquguquka, ukusabalala, ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko, kanye nokusimama.
Ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kanye nokuhambahamba
Ingqalasizinda yakho yasendaweni kungenzeka ukuthi yayisezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi uyiklama, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ubuchwepheshe buhlala bushintsha. Abahlinzeki abakhulu bamafu omphakathi batshala izinsiza ezinkulu ekuthuthukiseni amapulatifomu abo njalo, ekwengezeni izinsizakalo ezintsha, nasekuqiniseni ukuphepha . Ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokuphila kuvumela ithimba lakho ukuthi ligxile kulokho okwengeza inani ebhizinisini.
Ngokungafani namaseva endawo, izinsizakalo zamafu zivame ukufinyeleleka kunoma yikuphi lapho kunokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi . Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukusebenza kude, ukubambisana kuwo wonke amahhovisi, futhi kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi baqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo ngaphandle kokuxhunywa ngokomzimba ehhovisi elithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokugcina idatha nezinhlelo zokusebenza efwini, azivezwa kakhulu ezinkingeni zehadiwe zasendaweni: ukwehluleka kwediski, ukucima kukagesi, ukwehluleka kokulawula isimo sezulu sesikhungo sedatha , njll. Nakuba kungekho ndawo engenaphutha, abahlinzeki bamafu amakhulu bavame ukunikeza amazinga okuphindaphinda kanye nokuqina okunzima ukuwafanisa esikhungweni sedatha esincane noma esiphakathi nendawo.
Scalability lapho kudingeka
Ukuphatha ingqalasizinda yendawo kuyisenzo sokulinganisela esibucayi. Uma uhlinzeka ngokweqile, ukhokhela amaseva nezinsiza ezichitha isikhathi esiningi zingasetshenziswa kahle . Uma uhlinzeka kancane, ngesikhathi sokufunwa okukhulu ungase ubhekane nezingqinamba, ukuphazamiseka kwensizakalo, noma izikhathi zokuphendula ezingamukeleki.
Efwini, ukukhuliswa kuyingxenye ye-DNA yesikhulumi. Ungandisa noma wehlise izinsiza cishe ngokushesha : engeza izimo ezengeziwe zeseva, wandise isitoreji, wandise umthamo wenethiwekhi, noma usebenzise izinsizakalo zokulinganisa ngokuzenzakalela eziphendula ngokuzenzakalelayo ekukhuphukeni kokusetshenziswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlinzeki abaningi banezikhungo zedatha ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuletha ingqalasizinda eduze kwamakhasimende akho okugcina , ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka , nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Kumabhizinisi omhlaba wonke noma lawo anengxenye yedijithali eqinile, lokhu kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Ukuphepha okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokuthobela imithetho
Abahlinzeki bamafu basebenza ngaphansi kwezinhlaka zokuphepha nokuthobela imithetho ezidingayo: imithetho yomphakathi efana ne-GDPR noma izindinganiso ezithile ezifana ne-HIPAA, i-PCI DSS, i-SOC 2 , kanye nezinye izindinganiso eziningi zemboni. Ukuze bahambisane nalezi, bafaka ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuvikela idatha, ukuqapha, kanye nokuphendula ezigamekweni.
Ngokuthuthela idatha yakho nezinhlelo zokusebenza efwini lomphakathi, uyazuza kulokho kuphepha okuvuselelwa njalo, okulinganiselayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukusebenzisa yonke ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo wena ngokwakho. Yiqiniso, uhlala unesibopho sokulungiselela kahle izinsizakalo zakho, ukuchaza izinqubomgomo zokufinyelela, nokuvikela ubuwena bakho, kodwa isisekelo sokuphepha owakha phezu kwaso siqine kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kahle kanye nokufinyelela olwazini
Kuyayenga ukucabanga ukuthi, ngenxa yokusondela kwayo ngokoqobo, isikhungo sedatha sendawo sizohlala sinikeza ukusebenza okungcono kunefu. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso livame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ezindaweni eziningi ezisendaweni, idatha isakazeka ezindaweni eziningi zokulondoloza idatha, izikhungo zedatha ezahlukene, noma ngisho namahhovisi egatsha , okwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela nokuhlaziya.
Izikhungo zedatha ezisekelwe efwini zikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise, noma okungenani uhlanganise, ulwazi olufanele kumapulatifomu edatha ahlanganisiwe , okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukusesha, ukubuza, kanye nolwazi olubhekisela ku-crossreference. Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi abagunyaziwe bangathola ngokushesha idatha abayidingayo, bakhiqize imibiko, futhi baqedele amaphrojekthi ngokungqubuzana okuncane.
Ukwehliswa okukhulu kwezindleko
Ezimweni eziningi, lapho inhlangano ithuthela efwini ngendlela enengqondo, izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO) zengqalasizinda yayo ye-IT zincishiswa kakhulu . Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwihadiwe, ukugcinwa kwesikhungo sedatha ebonakalayo, kanye neminye imizamo yokuphatha evamile kuyasuswa noma kuncishiswe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokukhokha kuphela izinsiza ozisebenzisayo ngempela, ukuchitha imali kumakhompyutha, kumanethiwekhi, kanye nakwisitoreji kuvame ukuncishiswa kakhulu , ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukutholakala noma ukuphepha. Ezinye izilinganiso zibeka ukonga okungenzeka kokufuduka kwamafu ngamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu uma kuklanywe futhi kuphathwa kahle.
Ukusimama kanye nokuncipha kwekhabhoni
Ukuzinza sekuyinto ebalulekile, hhayi nje indaba yesithombe. Ngokwedizayini, ukubala ngamafu kuvame ukonga amandla kakhulu kunokugcina amaseva amaningi noma amakhulu endaweni ezindaweni ezincane zedatha. Ubuningi bomsebenzi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwabahlinzeki abakhulu kuvumela ukwehla kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele ngeyunithi ngayinye yokubala.
Ngokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda yamafu esebenzisa izikhungo zedatha ezisebenzisa amandla kahle, futhi ezimweni eziningi, amandla avuselelekayo , izinkampani zinganciphisa umthelela wazo kwezemvelo ngenkathi zenza i-IT yazo ibe yesimanje. Ezinhlanganweni eziningi, umnikelo wefu emigomweni yazo yokuzinza usuvele uyinto ebalulekile yokuthengisa.
Imigomo evamile lapho uthuthela efwini
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezijwayelekile, izinkampani zivame ukuphishekela imigomo ethile ethile lapho zihlela ukufuduka kwazo. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukwandisa ukutholakala, ukuqinisa ukuphepha, kanye nokuvumela amakhono amasha okuhlaziya kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Izinhlangano eziningi zifuna ukusebenzisa ukufuduka ukuze zenze izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala zibe zesimanje , zinciphise ukuthembela kwazo ezinhlelweni ezibizayo ukuzinakekela nezingenakuguquguquka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, isibonelo, ukufaka esikhundleni sezixazululo ezithile zedeskithophu noma zeseva zendabuko ngezinsizakalo zamafu eziphethwe ngokugcwele.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yokuvula
Ngokuhambisa izinhlelo zokusebenza nedatha efwini, kuba lula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa ulwazi oluvela ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-CRM, i-SAP, amathuluzi okumaketha, izizindalwazi zokuthengiselana , kanye neminye imithombo ibe yipulatifomu yedatha evamile.
Ukwenza lezi zinhlelo zibe zesimanje efwini kuphula ama-silo olwazi futhi kuvumbule amathuba amasha ebhizinisi , kungaba ngokuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe, amadeshibhodi esikhathi sangempela, noma amamodeli okubikezela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlangano ithola amandla okuphendula ezinkingeni nasezinkambisweni ngedatha yamuva.
Khulisa ukuguquguquka kwebhizinisi
Ngefu, amaqembu e-IT angaba nezinsizakusebenza ezidingwayo, okususa isidingo sokulinda amasonto noma izinyanga ukuthola, ukufaka, nokulungiselela ihadiwe njalo lapho kuvela iphrojekthi entsha noma isinyathelo sebhizinisi.
Leli khono lokuphendula ngokushesha lihumusha libe amasu okuqalisa imakethe aguquguqukayo kakhulu , ikhono lokwenza izivivinyo zobufakazi bomqondo ezingabizi kakhulu, kanye nekhono lokukhulisa izixazululo ezisebenza kahle ngaphandle kokwakha kabusha ingqalasizinda kusukela ekuqaleni.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwayo
Ngokusuka ezikhungweni zedatha zasendaweni kuphela, izinkampani eziningi zithatha ithuba lokuhlela kabusha izimpahla zazo zolwazi, ukuhlanganisa izizindalwazi, nokudala amapulatifomu edatha ajwayelekile . Lesi sinyathelo sivula indlela yokuguqulwa kwedijithali okujulile nokuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuba nesizindalwazi senkampani esihlelekile kahle efwini kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa izixazululo zedatha yokuzisiza, imibiko yezindawo eziningi, kanye namaphrojekthi okufunda komshini adinga ukufinyelela kulwazi oluningi oluhambisanayo.
Ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nezinsizakalo ezithuthukisiwe
Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezikhangayo ngefu ukulula kokusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukufunda komshini, ukuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinsizakalo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ngaphandle kokwakha yonke ingqalasizinda eyisisekelo.
Uma idatha yenkampani kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zihlala efwini, kuba lula kakhulu ukuxhumanisa lezo zinhlelo namamodeli e-AI ahlala eshintsha, abasizi abahlakaniphile, kanye nezinsizakalo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ezithuthukisa izinqubo zangaphakathi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwamakhasimende.
Amasu okufuduka kwamafu: ama-“6 R’s” akudala
Ukuze kuhlelwe futhi kuhlukaniswe izindlela ezahlukene zokuhambisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nemithwalo yemisebenzi efwini, imboni ivame ukubhekisela kumasu ayisithupha ayinhloko, aziwa ngokuthi ama-6 Rs okufuduka . Ukukhetha eyodwa noma enye (noma ukuyihlanganisa) kuncike ezicini ezifana nezinhloso zebhizinisi, imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe, kanye nesimo samanje sohlelo ngalunye.
Ukwakha kabusha (Ukwakha kabusha noma “ukuphakamisa nokushintsha”)
Ukusingatha kabusha kuhilela ukuhambisa izinhlelo zokusebenza kusuka endaweni yangakini ziye engqalasizinda yomhlinzeki wamafu ngezinguquko ezincane . Ngokuyisisekelo, kumayelana nokuthatha lokho osunakho kakade bese "ukuthuthela" efwini.
Le ndlela ivame ukuba yiyona eshesha kakhulu, njengoba ingadingi ukuklama kabusha ukwakheka kohlelo lokusebenza. Kubasebenzisi bokugcina, okungcono kakhulu, uhlelo lokusebenza lusebenza ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili ; alusekho esikhungweni sedatha esisezindaweni, kodwa lusesikhungweni sedatha samafu esisebenza kuhadiwe yesimanje, ephethwe ngumhlinzeki.
Inkinga iwukuthi uma uhlelo lokusebenza lwaklanywa ngendlela esiphelelwe yisikhathi, lungase lungasebenzisi ngokugcwele indawo yamafu : ukukala okuzenzakalelayo, izinsizakalo eziphethwe, ukukhokhisa okusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okucwengekile, njll. Ngakho-ke, nakuba ukusingathwa kabusha kuwusizo ekuthuthweni kokuqala okusheshayo, kungase kungabi isu elihle kakhulu lesikhathi eside lokukhulisa izinzuzo.
Ukuthutha (ukuthutha noma "phakamisa futhi ulungiselele")
Ukuthutha kabusha kuyindlela ehlukile yokubuyisela kabusha ngezinye izikhathi echazwa ngokuthi "phakamisa futhi uthuthukise ." Kulesi simo, uhlelo lokusebenza luthuthelwa efwini ngezinguquko ezimbalwa, kodwa isigaba esilandelayo sokwenza ngcono sihlelwe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Isibonelo, ungathutha i-database uye emshinini obonakalayo efwini, bese uma usufikile, uyithuthele kusevisi ye-database ephethwe evela kumhlinzeki . Ngale ndlela, uqala cishe njengokuphakamisa nokushintsha, kodwa kancane kancane wamukele amakhono efu (ukusekela okuzenzakalelayo, ukukala okulawulwayo, ukutholakala okuphezulu okwakhelwe ngaphakathi) ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa kabusha okuphelele kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Ukulungisa kabusha (umakhi kabusha)
Ukulungisa kabusha kuhilela ukuklama kabusha uhlelo lokusebenza ukuze lusebenzise izici ze-cloud-native . Esikhundleni sokukopisha nje ukwakheka kwe-monolithic endala, izingxenye ziyahlelwa kabusha, imisebenzi iyahlukaniswa, futhi izinsizakalo zamafu ezilawulwayo ziyasetshenziswa noma nini lapho kunengqondo.
Isibonelo esijwayelekile kungaba uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa olusafeza umsebenzi walo, kodwa okunzima kakhulu ukwengeza izici ezintsha noma isikali kulo ngendlela ehlanganisiwe . Ngokulushintsha lube ukwakheka kwezinsizakalo ezincane, ukuthuthukiswa, ukuhlolwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinguqulo ezintsha kwenziwa lula kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhono athuthukile njengokuhlaziya okufakiwe ngqo kusizindalwazi, imigqa yemiyalezo ephethwe, imisebenzi engenaseva , kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zomdabu ezinciphisa isidingo sokuphatha ingqalasizinda yakho.
Ukuchazwa kabusha kwepulatifomu (ukuphinda ipulatifomu noma “ukuphakamisa, ukulungisa, ukushintsha”)
Ukuchazwa kabusha kwepulatifomu kuyindawo ephakathi kokwenza kabusha okumsulwa kanye nokulungisa okujulile. Kuhilela ukwenza izinguquko ezithile kuhlelo lokusebenza ukuze kusetshenziswe kangcono ifu, ngaphandle kokulakha kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni.
Isibonelo, uma uthuthela uhlelo lokusebenza lokuphathwa kwezimali zabantu (i-HCM) efwini, ungashintsha uhlelo lokuphathwa kwedatha oluphelelwe yisikhathi, olusebenzisa ngesandla kakhulu ngesizindalwazi samafu esizibuyekezayo, esizimele esihlanganisa amamodeli okufunda komshini akhelwe ngaphakathi. Uhlelo lokusebenza oluyinhloko luhlala lukhona, kodwa ungqimba lwedatha luvuselelwe ukuze lusebenzise amakhono efu athuthukile.
Thenga kabusha
Ukuthenga kabusha kuhilela ukuyeka uhlelo lokusebenza lwamanje nokwamukela umkhiqizo omusha, ngokuvamile imodeli ye-SaaS , edalwe futhi iphathwe ngumhlinzeki. Ezimweni eziningi, kusho ukushintsha kusuka kumalayisense avamile asezindaweni kuya kokubhaliselwe kwamafu.
Isibonelo esivame kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni se-ERP esendaweni ngelayisensi ehlala njalo ngesevisi ye-ERP esekelwe efwini efinyelelwa ngesiphequluli sewebhu , esivuselelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka ngezici ezintsha. Ushintsho alukho kakhulu ngokuhambisa uhlelo lokusebenza olukhona kodwa lumayelana nokwamukela oluhlukile oluhlanganisa ububanzi bokusebenza obufanayo (noma obukhulu).
Le ndlela idinga umzamo: ukusebenza kohlelo olusha kumele kuhambisane nezinqubo zebhizinisi , ezinye izinqubo zangaphakathi kungadingeka zilungiswe ukuze zivumelane nemikhuba emihle yesofthiwe, futhi ushintsho lwenhlangano kumele luphathwe ukuze amaqembu asebenzise ithuluzi elisha.
Ukuhoxiswa
Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi kwenzeka lapho, lapho ubuyekeza iphothifoliyo yesicelo sakho, uthola ukuthi izinhlelo ezithile azivamile ukusetshenziswa noma azisanikezi inani . Esikhundleni sokuzithutha, unquma ukuzivala ngendlela ehleliwe.
Ukususa lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza eziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ezingasasebenzi kwenza kube lula iphrojekthi yokufuduka, kunciphisa izindleko, futhi kunciphisa ubunzima bendawo ezungezile . Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ukuncika, ukuxhumana nezinye izinhlelo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okungaba khona kwezinsalela ukuze kugwenywe imiphumela engalindelekile.
Ukugcinwa (ukugcinwa noma "ukuvakashelwa kabusha kamuva")
Ukugcinwa kusho ukuthi uhlaziye isicelo futhi, okwamanje, waphetha ngokuthi akufanele ukufuduka . Lokhu kungaba ngoba sibuyekezwe muva nje, sinezidingo eziqinile kakhulu zokubambezeleka okuphansi ezihlangatshezwana kangcono endaweni, kunemikhawulo yezomthetho yokuhlala kwedatha, noma ngoba nje izindleko nomzamo wokusihambisa kudlula izinzuzo zamanje.
Kulezi zimo, indlela ekhethwayo ukugcina uhlelo lokusebenza lusesimweni salo samanje futhi lubukeze isinqumo njalo . Njengoba abahlinzeki bamafu bevula izikhungo zedatha ezintsha, befaka izinketho eziningi zokulawula idatha, futhi belungisa amathuluzi abo okufuduka, okungafaneleki namuhla kungaba inketho enhle eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Izinhlobo zokufuduka kwamafu kanye nendlela yokukhetha indlela efanele
Ama-Rs angu-6 awahlukani; ohlelweni lokufuduka kwangempela, ngokuvamile kuba nokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela eziningana kuye ngohlobo lwesicelo ngasinye . Noma kunjalo, kuyasiza futhi ukuzibona “njengezinhlobo” zokufuduka eziphendula izidingo ezahlukene.
Uma sidinga ukuhambisa umthwalo wemisebenzi ngokushesha, ngokuphazamiseka okuncane, indlela evame kakhulu ukuqala ngokufuduka noma ukuvuselela . Uma umgomo oyinhloko uwukuthuthukisa amakhono, ukuthuthukisa ukukhulisa, kanye nokwenza kube lula ukusungula izinto ezintsha, khona-ke ukulungisa kabusha noma ukuklama kabusha ipulatifomu kunengqondo kakhulu.
Uma okubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lula iphothifoliyo yesicelo noma ukwamukela amazinga emakethe, ukuthenga kabusha nge-SaaS kungaba isu eliphumelelayo. Futhi, vele, kufanele uhlale ugcina isikhala sokuhoxisa izinhlelo eziphelelwe yisikhathi nokugcina okwesikhashana lezo okungafanele zithintwe okwamanje.
Indlela yokuhlela nokwenza ukufuduka kwamafu
Impumelelo yokufuduka kwamafu ayixhomekile nje kuphela kubuchwepheshe obukhethiwe, kodwa futhi nasekubeni nesu elicatshangelwe kahle neliphelele . Leli su kufanele lichaze izinhloso ezicacile, libikezele izinselele, futhi limise umhlahlandlela ongokoqobo.
Okokuqala, kuyalulekwa ukuhlola ingqalasizinda yamanje bese uhlela imithwalo yemisebenzi : yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilungele ifu, ezidinga ukuguqulwa, nokuthi yiziphi ezingagcinwa kangcono endaweni okwamanje. Lolu hlu luyindawo yokuqala yokunquma ukuthi yimaphi ama-6R okufanele uwasebenzise esimweni ngasinye.
Okulandelayo, isu langempela lokufuduka lenzelwe. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, indlela yokuphakamisa nokushintsha ingafaneleka ukusheshisa ushintsho , kanti ezinye zizohlelelwa ukwenziwa kwesimanje okujulile. Izinto zobuchwepheshe, zebhizinisi, kanye nezici eziyingozi zonke zidlala indima lapha.
Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi athile avela kubahlinzeki bamafu (isibonelo, i-Azure Migrate noma izixazululo ezifanayo kwamanye amapulatifomu) ezisiza ukuhlela, ukusebenzisa, nokuqapha yonke inqubo. Lawa mathuluzi anikeza amakhono okuhlola, iseva, isizindalwazi, kanye nokufuduka kohlelo lokusebenza, kanye nokubika okuningiliziwe.
Umkhuba omuhle ukwenza izivivinyo zokuhlola ngaphambi kokufuduka okukhulu . Lokhu kuqinisekisa izici ezifana nokuphepha kwedatha, ukuthobela imithetho, ukusebenza, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi esingaba khona. Ulwazi oluqoqwe kulezi zivivinyo lusetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lonke futhi kuncishiswe izingozi ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuthunyelwa kwenqwaba.
Isu kufanele futhi lifake phakathi izikhathi, izibalo zempumelelo, amaqembu anomthwalo wemfanelo, izigaba ezibalulekile, kanye nohlelo lokuxhumana nabo bonke abathintekayo: amaqembu angaphakathi, abaphathi, abahlinzeki bamafu, kanye nabalingani bezobuchwepheshe. Ukuphathwa koshintsho okufanele kunciphisa ukumelana futhi kusiza inhlangano ukuqonda izinzuzo nezinguquko ezihlobene nokufuduka.
Okokugcina, ezimweni eziningi isixazululo se-middleware noma i-iPaaS (ipulatifomu yokuhlanganisa njengesevisi) esisekelwe efwini sidlala indima ebalulekile , sisebenza njengomgogodla wokuxhuma izinhlelo ezintsha nezindala, sihlele ukugeleza kwedatha futhi senze kube lula ukuguquka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinqubo ezibalulekile.
Ukufuduka kwamafu akusekho umzamo futhi sekuyinto yokuzibophezela kwesu lesikhathi eside . Uma kuhlelwe kahle, kuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi zithole ukuguquguquka, zikhule kalula, zinciphise izindleko, zithuthukise ukuma kwazo kokuphepha, futhi zithuthukise imigomo yazo yokuzinza, ngenkathi futhi zibeka isisekelo sokuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
