- I-ajenda ye-Spain Digital 2026 ikhuthaza ingqalasizinda, idatha kanye ne-5G njengesisekelo sohlelo lokuhamba oluzinzile nolusebenza kahle.
- UMthetho Wokuhamba Okusimeme udinga ukuthi imibhalo yokulawula yenziwe ibe yidijithali futhi ukhuthaze izindawo zokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda ephephile.
- I-AI, i-IoT, kanye nokuhamba okuxhunyiwe kushintsha ezokuthutha, kodwa kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, ukuphepha kwe-cyber, kanye nezindinganiso ezivamile.
- Izinhlelo ezifana ne-Digital Training Voucher zilungiselela ochwepheshe bezokuthutha ukuthi basebenzise ithuba lokuhamba okusha kwedijithali.
Ukuhamba kwedijithali , okuxhunywe kuhlelo lwe-Spain Digital 2026, kushintsha kakhulu indlela esithutha ngayo, esithutha ngayo izimpahla, futhi esihlela ngayo amadolobha. Akukhona nje ukwengeza ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe ezimotweni, kodwa mayelana nokuklama kabusha uhlelo lwezokuthutha ukuze lube oluzinzile kakhulu, olusebenza kahle, futhi olulula ukuluphatha, ngenkathi kuhlangatshezwana nezibopho zomhlaba wonke zokususa i-carbonization kanye nekhwalithi yomoya ethuthukisiwe.
Lolu shintsho olukhulu lusekelwa yingqalasizinda yedijithali, imithethonqubo emisha, ukuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwaseYurophu . Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwedijithali kwezokuthutha zomphakathi kuya ekusetshenzisweni okuphoqelekile kwamadokhumenti kagesi ezokuthutha izimpahla kusukela ngo-2026 kuqhubeke, futhi kufaka phakathi ukuhamba okuxhunyiwe nokuzenzakalelayo, umnotho wedatha, kanye nokusekelwa kokunika amandla lo mkhakha ngedijithali, konke kukhomba ohlangothini olufanayo: imodeli yokuhamba eluhlaza, entsha kakhulu, futhi egxile kubantu.
Yini esiyiqondayo ngokuhamba kwedijithali ngo-2026?
Uma sikhuluma ngokuhamba kwedijithali, asisho nje kuphela ezimotweni "ezigcwele izinzwa" noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuqasha isikuta. Sikhuluma ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), i- Internet of Things (IoT) , i-cloud, i-edge computing, kanye namanethiwekhi e-5G ukuguqula ngokuphelele uhlelo lokuhamba: indlela oluhlelwe ngayo, indlela olusebenza ngayo, kanye nendlela izakhamuzi namabhizinisi abalisebenzisa ngayo nsuku zonke.
Kulesi simo esisha, ukuhamba okusebenzayo kanye nezokuthutha zomphakathi (ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukugibela ibhayisikili, i-metro, ibhasi, isitimela, njll.) kuthatha indawo ephambili njengezinketho ezizinzile kakhulu ngokombono wezemvelo, wezomnotho, kanye nowezenhlalo. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kumele kusebenzele ukwenza lezi zinketho zibe lula, zithembeke, futhi zikhange kunezimoto ezizimele, kunciphisa ukuminyana kwezimoto kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
I-ajenda ye-Spain Digital 2026 ibheka ukuhambahamba njengendawo ebalulekile ngaphakathi kwesu layo lokuguqula idijithali elisezingeni eliphezulu nelizinzile . Lokhu kuhilela ukukhuthaza izixazululo zokukhipha ukungcola okungakhiphi ugesi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokuhamba (umgwaqo, isitimela, ulwandle, umoya), ukwenza izinto zibe zedijithali, kanye nokusunduza imboni yezimoto iye kumamodeli ebhizinisi amasha ngokusekelwe kudatha, izinsizakalo, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi, abaphakeli, kanye neminye imikhakha.
Lonke lolu hlelo ludinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bedijithali emkhakheni wezokuthutha: kusukela kubashayeli kanye nabaqhubi bezokuthutha kuya kochwepheshe bengqalasizinda, abasebenzi bokuphatha umphakathi, kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezisekela lonke uhlelo. Ngaphandle kwalo "msipha wedijithali," ushintsho ngeke luqale.
I-Digital Spain 2026 kanye nomthelela wayo ekuhambeni
I -ajenda ye-Spain Digital 2026 iyisiqondiso sokuguqulwa kwedijithali yezwe. Yisu elizimisele elihlose ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kufezwe ukukhula komnotho okuqinile, ngokuqashwa kwekhwalithi, ukwanda kokukhiqiza, kanye nokubumbana okukhulu kwezenhlalo nezindawo, okuletha ukwenziwa kwedijithali kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe.
Lolu hlelo luhlelwe ngezici ezintathu eziyinhloko: Ingqalasizinda kanye nobuchwepheshe, umnotho, kanye nabantu . Luhlanganisa futhi nezinhlaka ezimbili ezibanzi ezenzelwe amaphrojekthi amakhulu, aqhuba ngokubambisana komphakathi kanye nezizimele kanye nokubusa ngokubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni ophakathi kanye nemiphakathi ezimele. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, kokubili ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezokuthutha kanye nezinhlelo ezithile ezihlobene nokuhamba okusimeme nokuhlakaniphile kuhambisana kahle.
Kusukela ngo-2020 , izinhlelo ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokutshalwa kwezimali ziye zaqaliswa kuwo wonke amazinga (kazwelonke, wesifunda, kanye nowendawo) okusheshise ukuxhumana, ucwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa, kanye nokuguqulwa kokuphathwa komphakathi kanye nama-SME kube yidijithali. Ngo-2021 kanye nengxenye yokuqala ka-2022, lo mfutho wawunamandla kakhulu, ngokudluliselwa okukhulu kohulumeni bezifunda kanye nomasipala ukuze kwenziwe umkhakha womphakathi ube yidijithali futhi kukhuthazwe amakhono edijithali phakathi kwezakhamuzi.
Kuwo wonke u-2022 kanye neminyaka eyalandela, ukuqaliswa kwe-Digital Spain kuye kwashesha , ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuguqulwa kwezomnotho kube yidijithali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono edijithali. Konke lokhu kusekelwa ngokwezimali yi-Recovery Plan kanye nezimali ze-European Next Generation EU, eziqinisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okuhleliwe esigabeni sokuqala.
I-Spain Digital 2026 igcina izinsika eziyishumi zamasu kusukela enguqulweni yayo yokuqala futhi yengeza izinsika ezimbili ezihlanganisa yonke indawo (i-PERTE ne-Retech). Ngokuhamba kanye nezokuthutha, eziningana zalezi nsika zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zibhekana nokuxhumana, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi, umnotho wedatha, ukuguqulwa komkhakha womphakathi nowangasese, ukusimama, kanye namakhono edijithali.
Izisekelo eziyi-10 zamasu kanye nobudlelwano bazo nokuhambahamba
Izinsika ze-Digital Spain 2026 zinikeza uhlaka lwesenzo ekuhambeni okusimeme nokuhlakaniphile . Azigxili nje kuphela kwezokuthutha, kodwa zingena kuzo zonke izinhlaka. Lezi yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ekuhambeni kwedijithali phakathi kwamanje no-2026.
Ingqalasizinda nobuchwepheshe: ukuxhumana, i-5G, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi kanye nedatha
Ibhulokhi yokuqala igxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lonke izwe linengqalasizinda yedijithali esezingeni eliphezulu evumela ukuthuthwa okuxhunyiwe, okuzenzakalelayo, nokuphephile.
Ngokuphathelene nokuxhumana kwedijithali, umgomo uwukuba abantu abayi-100% babe nokufinyelela ku-100 Mbps ngo-2025 , okuvala igebe phakathi kwezindawo zasemakhaya nezasemadolobheni. Ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuhle, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuphatha ithrafikhi ezithuthukisiwe, i-Mobility as a Service (MaaS), noma izimoto ezixhunyiwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingenabantu abaningi lapho izinketho zokuhamba sezivele zilinganiselwe.
Ukuphusha ubuchwepheshe be -5G kungenye insika ebalulekile. ISpain ihlose ukuqhubeka nokuhola ukuthunyelwa kwayo eYurophu nokusebenzisa amandla ayo okukhulisa umkhiqizo, ubumbano lwendawo, kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi. Umgomo uwukuba lonke uhlobo lomsakazo lube selulungele i-5G ngo-2025 , okubalulekile ezimotweni ezixhunyiwe, izinhlelo zokuhamba ezihlakaniphile (ITS), kanye nokuqapha ingqalasizinda ngesikhathi sangempela.
Okokugcina, umnotho wedatha kanye ne-Artificial Intelligence kuhlose ukuthi okungenani ama-25% ezinkampani asebenzise i-AI kanye ne-Big Data zingakapheli iminyaka emihlanu. Ezokuthutha, lokhu kusho ukwenza ngcono imizila, ukubikezela isidingo, ukulungisa amaza okuhamba komphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwengqalasizinda, kanye nokuphatha kangcono izintambo zezokuthutha ngokusekelwe kudatha ekhiqizwe yizimoto, izinzwa zasemadolobheni, kanye nabasebenzisi.
Ubukhulu bezomnotho: umkhakha womphakathi, ibhizinisi kanye noguquko lwemikhakha
Ngasohlangothini lwezomnotho, iSpain Digital 2026 ibeka phambili ukuguqulwa kwedijithali komkhakha womphakathi . Ingqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe isivele ithuthukiswa ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengokuqashwa, ubulungiswa, kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi, futhi lolu shintsho luzoqhubeka nokwelulwa kuzo zonke izigaba zikahulumeni (kazwelonke, wesifunda, nowendawo) ngo-2026.
Ekuhambeni, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubonakala ezinsizakalweni zokuhamba zomphakathi ezidijithali kakhulu , ukucubungula nge-elekthronikhi, ukusetshenziswa kwedatha yokuhamba ukuklama izinqubomgomo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezixazululo ezifana namathikithi ahlanganisiwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlela uhambo, kanye nolwazi lwesikhathi sangempela lwabahambi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwamabhizinisi kanye nosomabhizinisi , kugxilwe kakhulu kuma-SME, amabhizinisi amancane, kanye nama-startup . Ngo-2026, inhloso ukusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwawo kwedijithali nokudala indawo enhle yezinkampani ezisafufusa ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nalezo ezisebenza ezixazululweni zokuhamba, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, amapulatifomu e-MaaS, kanye nezinsizakalo zezimoto ezixhunyiwe nezizimele.
Ukugxila ekuguqulweni kwedijithali okusemkhakheni nokuqhubekayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthweni. I-Spain Digital 2025 isivele iqalise izinhlelo emikhakheni efana nokudla kwezolimo, impilo, ukuhamba, ezokuvakasha, kanye nezentengiselwano. Ngo-2026, umgomo ukusheshisa ushintsho oluphindwe kabili oluluhlaza kanye nolwedijithali ngokusebenzisa Amasu Esifunda Ezokuthutha (i-PERTE), ukuhlanganisa izinguquko zesakhiwo ezijulile, ezihlala njalo, neziqhubekayo emnothweni nasemphakathini, kanye nezokuthutha ezidlala indima ebalulekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isu lokubeka iSpain njengendawo yaseYurophu enomsindo nebonakalayo lithinta ngokungaqondile ukuhamba, ngokuheha imikhiqizo nezinkampani ezidinga ingqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, ukufinyeleleka kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthutha, ngenkathi kukhuthazwa ukusimama kwemvelo emikhiqizweni.
Abantu: amakhono edijithali kanye namalungelo okunyakaza
Ebuntwini, i -axis yamakhono edijithali ihlose ukuqinisa amakhono abantu abasebenzayo kanye nezakhamuzi zizonke. Phakathi kwezinhloso kukhona ukunciphisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali, ukuqedela ukuguqulwa kwemfundo kwedijithali, ukuqinisekisa ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kwamakhono edijithali, kanye nokwandisa iphesenti lochwepheshe be-ICT, ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ukulingana ngokobulili.
Emkhakheni wezokuthutha kanye nokuhamba, lokhu kusho ukuqeqesha ochwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe obuthile: izinhlelo zokuphatha izimoto, amapulatifomu edatha, amathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, izixazululo zokuhamba zasemadolobheni, njll. Izinhlelo ezifana ne-“Digital Training Voucher in Transport” zifanelana kahle nale ndawo.
Insika yeshumi igxile emalungelweni edijithali , iqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi, abathengi, izakhamuzi, kanye namabhizinisi endaweni yedijithali. Umqulu Wamalungelo Edijithali, owamukelwa ngo-2021, usebenza njengomhlahlandlela wendlela yobuntu yokwenza izinto zibe zedijithali, okusebenza futhi ekwakhiweni kwezinsizakalo zokuhamba: ukuvikelwa kwedatha, ukucaca kuma-algorithms okwabiwa kohambo, izimo zokusebenza ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zomsebenzi osekelwe epulatifomu, njalo njalo.
I-PERTE ne-Retech: amaphrojekthi amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukuhamba
Izindikimba ezihlanganisa konke zeDijithali Spain 2026 yiPERTE ( Amaphrojekthi Ahlelekile Okuvuselela Umnotho Nokuguqulwa) kanye neRetech initiative (Territorial Networks of Technological Specialization). Zombili ziyisisekelo sokusuka kumiklamo yethiyori kuya kweyoqobo emkhakheni wokuhamba kwedijithali.
Uhlelo lwe-PERTE luhlose ukukhuthaza amaphrojekthi amakhulu anethonya elikhulu lokuphindaphinda ekukhuleni, emisebenzini, kanye nokuncintisana. Izinhlelo ze-PERTE eziyishumi nanye sezivunyelwe kakade, ziqoqa imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-€30.000 ekutshalweni kwezimali komphakathi, eziningi zazo ezinomthelela oqondile ekuhambeni: kusukela ezimotweni zikagesi nezixhunyiwe kuya ekususweni kwekhabhoni embonini kanye nokuvuselelwa kwengqalasizinda.
I-Retech, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhomba amaphrojekthi endawo kanye nezomnotho anomthelela omkhulu aphakanyisiwe yimiphakathi ezimele, ngaphakathi kwezinto eziza kuqala kuHlelo Lokubuyisela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ezihlobene nedatha yokuhamba, amapulatifomu ezokuthutha ahlakaniphile , izinto zedijithali, kanye namanethiwekhi okushaja izimoto ezingenayo igesi, konke kuxhaswa ngokuhlanganyela nguhulumeni ophakathi kanye nohulumeni besifunda.
Le ndlela iqinisa umlayezo ocacile: ukuhamba kwedijithali ngo-2026 kudinga ukubambisana kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ngokubambisana phakathi kwezinkampani, abaphathi kanye nabanye abameleli ukuze kufezwe isilinganiso esidingekayo futhi kugwenywe ukuncika ezinkundleni ezinkulu ezibusayo ezivela ngaphandle kweYurophu.
Izinhlelo ezithile ezikhuthaza ukuhamba kwedijithali
Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Digital Spain 2026 , izinhlelo namasu athile asesebenzisiwe ahumusha izinhloso ezijwayelekile zibe yizenzo ezihlobene ngqo nezokuthutha kanye nokuhamba. Ezinye zezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo.
Uhlelo Lokuxhumana kanye Nengqalasizinda Yedijithali
Lolu hlelo luthuthukisa i-axis yokuqala ye-ajenda futhi lugxile ekusebenziseni ukuxhumana kanye nokwenza kube yidijithali njengamathuluzi okuvala ukwahlukana kwedijithali kwezenhlalo-zomnotho, ubulili, izizukulwane, indawo noma imvelo.
Ngokwakhela phezu kwengqalasizinda ekhona, uhlelo luchaza izinguquko kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kokwenziwa kwedijithali kulo lonke izwe , kokubili kwingqalasizinda yokuxhumana kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe emikhakheni ebalulekile, okuhlanganisa nezokuthutha. Inhloso ukuhlanganisa iSpain njengenye yezindawo zokwenziwa kwedijithali ze-EU, okudala isisekelo esidingekayo sokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhamba ezixhunyiwe kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlakaniphile.
Isu lokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe be-5G
Ubuchwepheshe be-5G bubhekwa njengesisekelo sokuhamba okusha kwedijithali , kanye ne-IoT, i-AI, ukuhlaziywa kwedatha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye ne-robotics. Ukuxhumana okunamandla okunikezwa yi-5G kwenza kube khona izigidi zamadivayisi ndawonye, kusukela ezimotweni kuya ezibanini zethrafikhi ezihlakaniphile, izinzwa emigwaqweni noma emachwebeni, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula zesikhathi sangempela.
Empeleni, i-5G izothuthukisa ukuncintisana kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza , ikhulise ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zokuhamba futhi ivumele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezimoto ezizimele ezixhunywe engqalasizinda, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi okuguquguqukayo noma ukuthutha okuhlakaniphile kwasemadolobheni okunomthelela omncane kwezemvelo.
Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwamakhono Edijithali
Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwamakhono Edijithali luchaza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kusukela esikoleni kuya eyunivesithi , izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kabusha imisebenzi kanye nezenzo ezithile zokuvala igebe lobulili kanye nokuletha ukuqeqeshwa kwedijithali ezindaweni ezinciphayo ngokwezibalo zabantu.
Emkhakheni wokuhamba, lokhu kuhunyushwa njengochwepheshe abakulungele kangcono ukuphatha ubuchwepheshe bezokuthutha obuhlakaniphile , izinhlelo zedatha yethrafikhi, amathuluzi okuhlela, amapulatifomu e-logistics edijithali, kanye nezixazululo zokuhamba zasemadolobheni eziqhubekayo. Lolu hlelo luhilela zonke izikhulu futhi lukhuthaza ukusebenzisana nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni, amanyuvesi, kanye nomkhakha ozimele.
Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi
Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi luhlose ukuba nochwepheshe abengeziwe abangu-20.000 kwezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, idatha kanye ne-AI ngo-2025 , besebenzisa isikhungo sebhizinisi esizungeza i-INCIBE (National Cybersecurity Institute).
Ekuhambeni kwedijithali, leli cebo libalulekile ekuvikeleni izinhlelo zokuthutha ezibalulekile : izikhungo zokulawula, ingqalasizinda ye-intermodal, izimoto ezixhunyiwe, amapulatifomu okuthengisa amathikithi, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhamba. Uhlaka Lokuphepha Lukazwelonke (i-ENS) olubuyekeziwe luqinisa amakhono okuvikela ezinsongweni ze-cyber emkhakheni womphakathi kanye nabahlinzeki balo bobuchwepheshe.
Uhlelo Lokwenza Izinto Zedijithali Lokuphathwa Komphakathi
Ukwenziwa komkhakha womphakathi ube yidijithali kufuna igxathu elifanele ekusebenzeni kahle nasekusebenzeni kahle . Phakathi kwemigomo yayo ukuthi ngo-2025, ama-50% ezinsizakalo zomphakathi azotholakala ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, okwenza kube lula ubudlelwano obulula nobuqondene nezakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi.
Kwezokuthutha, lokhu kusho izinqubo ezilula kakhudlwana, ulwazi olufinyelelekayo kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhamba ezihlanganisiwe , kusukela ekuphathweni kwamalayisense kanye nezimvume kuya emibuzweni mayelana nezokuthutha zomphakathi, izindawo zokukhishwa kwegesi okuphansi, ukubhukha izindawo zokupaka noma ulwazi lwezokuthutha.
Hlela Ukuthuthukisa Ukwenziwa Kwedijithali Kwamabhizinisi Amancane Naphakathi
Lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ukusheshisa ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwama-SME ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezinqubo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-big data, i-IoT, i-AI kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu.
Emkhakheni wezokuthutha kanye nokuhamba, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkampani ezincane zezokuthutha, ama-workshop, abaqhubi bendawo noma izinkampani ezintsha zingahlanganisa izixazululo zedijithali zokuphathwa kwemikhumbi, ukwenza ngcono imizila, amapulatifomu okulethwa noma izinsizakalo ze-MaaS, ukuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo kanye namandla okusungula izinto ezintsha.
Uhlelo lweSpain lweSikhungo Sokubuka Izinto Ezibonakalayo saseYurophu kanye neSu Likazwelonke Lobuchwepheshe Bokusebenza Ngobuhlakani
Uhlelo lokubuka ngeso lengqondo luhlose ukuqinisa ukuncintisana kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo yaseSpain kwamanye amazwe, kuyilapho futhi kukhulisa ukukhanga kwezwe njengendawo yokutshala imali. Ukuhamba okusebenzayo, okusimeme, nokudijithali kuyisici esibalulekile sale mikhiqizo kanye nokuhamba kochwepheshe abayikhiqizayo.
Isu Likazwelonke Lobuhlakani Bokwenziwa (i-ENIA), elakhiwe ngezinsika ezi-6 nezenzo ezingama-30, liqaphela i-AI njengomshayeli wokukhula komnotho kanye nethuluzi lokubhekana nezinselelo ezihlangene njengokuguquka kwemvelo, ukubandakanywa komphakathi, impilo, kanye nenhlalakahle. Ezokuthutha, i-AI isetshenziswa ekuphathweni kwethrafikhi, ukuphepha komgwaqo, ukulungiswa kwengqalasizinda yokubikezela, ukuhlela inethiwekhi yezokuthutha zomphakathi, kanye nokwenza ngcono amandla ezimoto zikagesi neze-hydrogen.
Ukwenziwa Kwedijithali kanye noMthetho Omusha Wokuhamba Okusimeme
Isici esibalulekile sokuhamba ngedijithali ngo-2026 yi- Sustainable Mobility Law , eyethula izinguquko ezijulile ekuthuthweni kwempahla nabagibeli. Enye yezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu yimfuneko yokuthi idokhumenti yokulawula yokuphatha ibe yedijithali kuphela kusukela mhla zi-3 kuMfumfu 2026, kokubili ekuthuthweni kwempahla nabagibeli (esimweni sokugcina, ishidi lomzila).
Umthetho, osuvele uvunyiwe futhi washicilelwa kwi-Official State Gazette (BOE), uthi lo mbhalo ungakhishwa ngogesi kuphela ngemva kwezinyanga eziyishumi uqale ukusebenza . Lokhu kukhuthaza nokwamukelwa kweminye imibhalo ye-elektroniki efana ne-eCMR, edingeka kakhulu kwezokuthutha zamazwe ngamazwe ngoba ivumela ukulandelelwa kwempahla futhi yenza kube lula ukuwela imingcele ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okubonakalayo njalo.
Inhlangano yabaqashi bezokuthutha yamazwe ngamazwe iyamukele lesi sinyathelo, yize siqokomisa izinselele ezimbili ezinkulu: okokuqala, isidingo soshintsho lwamasiko nolwengqondo ezinkampanini zezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi ezincane; okwesibili, ukubaluleka kwabo bonke ababambe iqhaza kulolu chungechunge lokuya ezinhlelweni ezisebenzisanayo ezikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani.
UMthetho Wokuhamba Okusimeme uphinde uhlinzekele ngokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokupaka eziphephile nezivikelekile zabashayeli abangochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nezindawo ezibekelwe ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi. Iziphathimandla kumele ziqinisekise lezi zingqalasizinda, ezifaka isandla ekuphepheni komgwaqo, ekuvikelweni kwezimpahla, kanye nasezimweni zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zezokuthutha kuzodingeka ukuthi zibale futhi zibike ngemiphumela ye-carbon yezinsizakalo zazo, zisebenzise izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwamandla nezemvelo ezihlolwayo, futhi zizivumelanise nochungechunge lwezinyathelo zomthetho ezizothuthukiswa eminyakeni ezayo.
Izimoto, imithetho emisha yasemadolobheni kanye nesikhungo sezokuthutha
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, izimoto ezintsha zokuhamba (amabhayisikili, izimoto zokuhamba zomuntu siqu njengezikuta, kanye nezimoto ezihamba kahle kakhulu) sezithandwa kakhulu, ziqhutshwa yisidingo sezinketho eziqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ethuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza.
Noma kunjalo, izimoto ezizimele zisenesabelo esiphezulu kakhulu se-modal, esibalelwa cishe ku-48% e-EU kanye no-45% emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kwezifundo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu kungalingani, kukhuthazwa ezinye izindlela zokuhamba ezisimeme: amabhayisikili, izimoto zokuhamba zomuntu siqu (ama-PMV), kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo, okusekelwa yingqalasizinda efanele kanye nemithethonqubo ethile.
Izimoto Zokuhamba Zomuntu Siqu (ama-PMV) zidinga incazelo ecacile kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuphephile, isici esihlonzwe njengesibalulekile yiKhomishini yaseYurophu maqondana nokuphepha komgwaqo. Lo msebenzi wokulawula uhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa kwedijithali, njengoba ama-PMV amaningi kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene nawo zithembele kuzinhlelo zokusebenza namapulatifomu ukuze zisebenze.
UMthetho Wokuhamba Okusimeme uphinde unike amandla omasipala ukuthi bakhokhise izimali ezimotweni ezingaphezu kwemingcele yezindawo ezikhipha umoya ongcolile , baqinise amandla abo okuphatha indawo yasemadolobheni futhi banciphise izinto ezingaphandle ezingezinhle. Isibonelo, kuvunyelwe okuhlukile ezimotweni zokusiza eceleni komgwaqo ezibhaliswe ku-State Roadside Assistance Registry, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zilinganiselwe kangakanani emvelweni.
Enye intuthuko entsha ebalulekile umqondo weLogistics Hub , eklanyelwe ukudala inethiwekhi kazwelonke yamapulatifomu aphakathi kwezindlela ngenhloso yokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwezimpahla. Lawa ma-hub kumele afinyeleleke kubo bonke abaqhubi, abe nezindawo zokushintshana phakathi kwezindlela (ichweba lomgwaqo-isitimela, njll.), futhi afakwe kudijithali ngokugcwele, okumele ithuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kanye nokusimama ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokuthutha.
Indlela i-digitization eguqula ngayo ukuhamba
Intuthuko enkulu ku-AI, i-IoT, i-cloud kanye ne-edge computing, kanye namanethiwekhi e-5G, iqhuba inguquko yangempela ekuhambeni . Akukhona nje ukuba namadivayisi amaningi; ezokuthutha seziba uhlelo oluhlakaniphile olukwazi ukufunda, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, kanye nokuzilungiselela ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto ezizimele ziyathuthuka: amatekisi asebenza ngamarobhothi, amaloli axhunyiwe, izinhlelo zokulethwa ngaphandle kokushayela… Konke lokhu kuvula umnyango wamamodeli ebhizinisi amasha nezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlela ukuthuthwa kwabantu nezimpahla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinsizakalo ezintsha zokuhamba ezinikwe amandla amapulatifomu edijithali ziyavela : ukuhamba okwabelanayo (ukwabelana ngezimoto, amabhayisikili omphakathi, ama-scooter abelanayo), ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezahlukene kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa (i-MaaS), kanye nezinhlelo zokukhokha ezihlanganisiwe. Lokhu kushintsha indlela esihlela futhi siqhube ngayo uhambo lwethu lwansuku zonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha ekhiqizwa yizimoto iyanda ngokushesha. Imoto ezimele ingakhiqiza cishe ama-TB angu-4 ngosuku . Lezi zimoto zixhumeka kakhulu endaweni yazo ebonakalayo (ingqalasizinda, ezinye izimoto) kanye nendawo yedijithali (amapulatifomu, izinsizakalo zamafu), okudala ukugeleza kolwazi okuqhubekayo.
Imikhuba kanye nokuziphatha kuyashintsha ngenxa yokwenziwa kwedijithali: ukwanda kwezentengiselwano ze-inthanethi, ukusebenza ngocingo, amaphethini amasha okuhamba... Konke lokhu kushintsha izikhathi zesidingo, amahora aphezulu kanye nokucushwa kwezindlela zokuhamba kanye nezindlela zokulethwa.
Izinzuzo nezinselele zokuhamba okuxhunyiwe
Ukuhamba okuxhunyiwe nokuzenzakalelayo (i-CAM) kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuphepha emigwaqweni, ezitimeleni, nasemigwaqweni yamanzi. Ngokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto nengqalasizinda, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa ukuminyana, kanye nokufaka isandla ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa ukushisa.
I-CAM iphinde ivule amathuba ebhizinisi, ikhulise ukuncintisana futhi ihlinzekele ukufinyelela kwezokuthutha kwasebekhulile noma abakhubazekile , iguqule kakhulu ulwazi lokuhamba eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukuhamba njengesevisi (i-MaaS) , ngokunika amandla ukuhamba okunezindlela eziningi okungenazihibe kanye nokunikeza ezinye izindlela eziluhlaza kuhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa, kusiza ukuqeda ukungcola komoya ongcolile. Ukusebenzisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwezindlela (isitimela, ibhasi, ibhayisikili, ukwabelana ngezimoto, izimoto zokuhamba zomuntu siqu) kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwezinsiza kanye nokonga isikhathi nezindleko kokubili abagibeli kanye nabaqhubi.
Ukushintshaniswa kwedatha yokuhamba kuthuthukisa ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwezindlela zokuhamba nengqalasizinda, kwenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-AI, futhi kusiza abaphathi ukuthi baqaphe umsebenzi wezokuthutha kanye nemiphumela yawo, kanye nokuhlela kangcono ukutshalwa kwezimali engqalasizinda kanye nezinsizakalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufinyelela idatha yezinzwa zezimoto kubaluleke kakhulu kubashuwalensi, izinkampani zokuqondisa, kanye nezinkampani zokulungisa imigwaqo , okuvula izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza inani lezomnotho kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha emgwaqweni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kungasheshisa ukushintshela ekuhambeni kokukhipha ugesi okungenayo igesi . I-AI inika amandla okuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwezimoto zikagesi neze-hydrogen, ilungiselela indawo yokushaja, futhi iphatha ukushaja okuqondiswayo, iletha ukuguquguquka kugridi kagesi futhi ihlinzeke ngokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Kodwa-ke, izinselele zibalulekile. Kudingeka ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nengqalasizinda (ifu, umkhawulo, i-5G, ama-chip ezimoto ezihlakaniphile, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha zezimoto), kanti i-EU isalokhu incike kakhulu kwezinye izifunda kwezinye zalezi zobuchwepheshe.
Kukhona futhi inselele yokuvimbela ukuhlukana kwesistimu yokuhamba yaseYurophu , eyakhiwe ngabadlali abaningi abanobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokukhethekile. Ukusungula imithetho efanayo, amapulatifomu, izinhlaka zokuphatha, kanye nezindinganiso kubalulekile ukuze kufezwe ubukhulu obubalulekile futhi kuncishiswe ukuncika kubadlali abakhulu bomhlaba.
Okokugcina, ukuphepha nobumfihlo kumele kubhekwe (ukuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu, ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ukwamukelwa komsebenzisi) kanye nemiphumela yomphakathi kumele kuphathwe kahle: izinguquko kumaphrofayili okuqashwa, izinhlobo ezintsha zomsebenzi ezixhunywe kumapulatifomu okumele ahloniphe imithetho yezabasebenzi futhi aqinisekise ukuvikelwa komphakathi, kanye nesidingo sokuthola ukwethenjwa komphakathi ekuhambeni okuzimela.
Uhlelo “lwe-Digital Training Voucher kwezokuthutha”
Njengengxenye ye-Investment 3 “Amakhono Edijithali Okuqashwa” yeSigaba 19 soHlelo Lokubuyisela, uMnyango Wezokuthutha Nokuhamba Okusimeme wethule uhlelo lwe-“Digital Training Voucher in Transport” . Inhloso yawo ukukhuthaza ukuqeqeshwa kwedijithali kochwepheshe emkhakheni wezokuthutha, ukuhamba, ezokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda.
Lolu hlelo luhloselwe kokubili abasebenzi emkhakheni kanye nabasebenzi abavela kuhulumeni ohlobene , kanye nabantu abangasebenzi kanye nabafundi. Indlela yalo ibanzi futhi ihlose ukuphakamisa izinga lamakhono edijithali kulo lonke uhlelo lwezemvelo, kusukela ekuphathweni kwemikhumbi kuya ekuhleleni ukuhamba kwabantu emadolobheni.
Lezi zibonelelo zinikezwa njengosizo oluqondile olufika ku-€1.000 ngomzuzi ngamunye ukuze umuntu ngamunye akwazi ukuhlanganyela ezifundweni zokuqeqesha ezivunyiwe kusengaphambili. Lezi zifundo zihlanganisa izihloko ezifana nemibono ejwayelekile yokwenza izinto zibe zedijithali kwezokuthutha, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nezinto ezisizayo, ukwenza izinto zibe zedijithali, ukuzenzakalela, ukumaketha kwedijithali kanye nokuxhumana, ukwenza izinto zibe zedijithali okusimeme, kanye nokwenza izinto zibe zedijithali kwezokuhamba kwedolobha kanye nezokuthutha.
Abazuzi ngabantu bemvelo abenza futhi baqede ngempumelelo izenzo zokuqeqesha eziqinisekisiwe, begcwalisa izidingo zezisekelo zomthetho ezifakwe ku-Order TMA/1126/2023, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Recovery Plan oluxhaswe yi-European Union - NextGenerationEU.
Isicelo sokuqala seziphakamiso sanyatheliswa ngo-2024 ngesinqumo sikaNobhala Wezwe Wezokuthutha Nokuhamba Okusimeme, kwathi ngo-2025 kwavunyelwa isichibiyelo saleso sinqumo ukuze kulungiswe izici zesicelo. Inqubo yonke yesicelo iqondiswa ngabahlinzeki bokuqeqesha abafisa ukufaka izifundo zabo kurejista yemisebenzi efanelekile.
Lezi zinhlangano zithumela isicelo sokubhaliswa komsebenzi wokuqeqesha futhi, uma zihlangabezana nezidingo, zisebenza njengabameleli babafundi ukucubungula usizo bese kuthi kamuva zichaze ukuqedwa koqeqesho, ukuze umzuzi athole inani elifanele.
Uma zihlanganiswa, zonke lezi zinhlelo - i-ajenda ye-Spain Digital 2026, i-PERTE, i-Retech, izinhlelo zemikhakha, uMthetho omusha Wokuhamba Okusimeme, izinhlelo zamakhono edijithali kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-5G noma i-AI - kudweba isithombe lapho ukuhamba eminyakeni ezayo kuzophawulwa khona ngokwenziwa kwedijithali, ukusimama kanye nokubambisana phakathi kohulumeni, izinkampani kanye nezakhamizi, kanye nenselele eqhubekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukulingana kanye namalungelo endaweni eshintsha ngokushesha.
