- Ukuqinisekisa nokugunyazwa kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukufinyelela kusizindalwazi kanye nokuvikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
- Ukubethelwa kwedatha kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, okwenza idatha ingafundeki ngaphandle kokhiye wokukhipha ukubethela ofanelekile.
- Ukusebenzisa ukuhlola kanye namalogi omsebenzi kusiza ukuqapha ukufinyelela nokuthola okudidayo ekusetshenzisweni kwesizindalwazi.
- Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, njengokubethela kwezokuthutha, ziqinisa ukuvikelwa kwedatha lapho uphumule futhi inyakaza.
Database Security Basics
Ukuqinisekisa nokugunyazwa
Ukuqinisekisa kanye nokugunyazwa kuyizinsika ezimbili eziyisisekelo zokuphepha kwedatha. Ukuqinisekisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi abagunyaziwe kuphela abangafinyelela idatha, kuyilapho ukugunyazwa kulawula amalungelo omsebenzisi ngamunye kanye namazinga okufinyelela. Lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abafanele kuphela abangalawula idatha futhi bavikele ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi unjiniyela wedatha angasiza kanjani ekusunguleni lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha.
Ukubethela kwedatha
Ukubethela idatha kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvikela ubumfihlo bolwazi olugcinwe kudathabheyisi. Ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithm okubethela, idatha yenziwa ingafundeki kulabo abangenayo ikhi yokubethela. Lokhu kunezela ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuphepha, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukwebiwa noma ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudathabheyisi. Kulokhu, ama-algorithm okubethela njenge-Twofish ayizibonelo ezisebenzayo zendlela yokuvikela ulwazi.
Ukulawula ukungena
Ukulawula ukufinyelela kuyinqubo yokuchaza nokuphoqelela imikhawulo lapho abasebenzisi noma izindima zinemvume yokufinyelela noma yokushintsha idatha egcinwe kusizindalwazi. Ukusungula izinqubomgomo zokulawula ukufinyelela ezifanele kungavimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudatha futhi kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bedatha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu okubethela angalingani angathuthukisa ukuphepha kokulawula ukufinyelela.
Amalogi wokuhlola kanye nomsebenzi
Ukuhlola kanye namalogi emisebenzi kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokulandelela nokuqapha izenzo ezenziwa kusizindalwazi. Ngokukhiqiza amalogi anemininingwane, kungenzeka ukuhlonza izinto ezingaba khona ezingavamile, ukubona imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe, kanye nokuqapha umsebenzi womsebenzisi. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisa ukuphepha futhi kusiza uphenyo lwezehlakalo. Ukuze kuphathwe amalogi ngempumelelo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlelo lolwazi lokuphatha (i-MIS) ukuze kuhlanganiswe idatha.
Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwesizindalwazi
Ngezansi kukhona izinqubo ezihamba phambili okufanele uzilandele ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwesizindalwazi:
Ukuchibiyela okuvamile nokubuyekeza
Kubalulekile ukugcina isizindalwazi sakho sisesikhathini ngezibuyekezo zakamuva zokuphepha kanye nama-patches. Abathengisi besizindalwazi bavame ukukhipha izibuyekezo ezivamile ezilungisa ubuthakathaka obaziwayo. Ukusebenzisa lezi zibuyekezo njalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi isizindalwazi sakho sivikelekile ezinsongweni zakamuva. Lo mkhuba ubalulekile, ikakhulukazi kumasizindalwazi amafu, lapho ukuphepha kungaba yinselele khona.
Ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile
Ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Amaphasiwedi kufanele abe made futhi abe yinkimbinkimbi, ahlanganise izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Kubalulekile futhi ukusungula izinqubomgomo ezidinga izinguquko zephasiwedi njalo futhi kuvimbele ukusetshenziswa kwamaphasiwedi abiwe.
Ikhawulela amalungelo omsebenzisi
Kunconywa ukuthi unikeze amalungelo omsebenzisi ngendlela enemingcele. Umsebenzisi ngamunye kufanele abe nezimvume ezidingekayo kuphela ukuze enze imisebenzi yakhe, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele umsebenzisi ononya noma osengozini ekufinyeleleni ulwazi oluningi kunokudingekile. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yomonakalo uma kwenzeka ukungena noma ukuhlaselwa okuphumelelayo. Ukusebenzisa lo mkhuba kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusabalala nokuphepha ekufinyeleleni idatha.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi
Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kubandakanya ukuhlukanisa ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi ibe amasegimenti ahlukene, okusiza ukukhawulela ububanzi bokuhlasela okungenzeka. Ngokuhlukanisa amanethiwekhi ngokusekelwe ezingeni lawo lokwethembana kanye nokukhawulela ithrafikhi phakathi kwawo, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi ukuhlasela kusabalale ngengqalasizinda.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezicishamlilo
Ukusebenzisa ama-firewall kubalulekile ukuvikela ama-database ezinsongweni zangaphandle. Ama-firewall asebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi nomhlaba wangaphandle, ehlunga ithrafikhi engafuneki futhi evimba imizamo yokungena engaba khona. Ukumisa nokugcina ama-firewall ngendlela efanele kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
Ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe
Ngokungeziwe emikhubeni ehamba phambili eyisisekelo, kunezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezingase zisetshenziswe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuqinisa ukuvikelwa kwesizindalwazi:
Ukusebenzisa ukubethela kwedatha lapho uphumule futhi usendleleni
Ukubethela idatha ngesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nokuthutha kuhilela ukubethela idatha kokubili lapho igcinwa kusizindalwazi kanye nalapho idluliselwa kunethiwekhi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma umhlaseli ethola ukufinyelela kudatha, ngeke akwazi ukuyifunda noma ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwenkinobho efanele yokubethela. Ukubethela kuzo zombili izimo kubalulekile ekuphepheni kolwazi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zenethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi.
Ilungiselela Uhlu Lokulawula Ukufinyelela
Uhlu lokulawula ukufinyelela lukuvumela ukuthi uchaze futhi uphathe izimvume zokufinyelela ezingeni lomsebenzisi nelento kusizindalwazi. Usebenzisa lolu hlu, ungasetha imithetho enemininingwane mayelana nokuthi yibaphi abasebenzisi abangafinyelela ukuthi iyiphi idatha nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi evunyelwe. Lokhu kunikeza ukulawula okukhulu ekufinyeleleni futhi kunciphisa ubungozi.
Ukuqapha nokutholwa kokungena
Ukusebenzisa ukuqapha nokutholwa kwezixazululo kukuvumela ukuthi ubone ngokushesha futhi uphendule ezinsongweni ezingaba khona. Lezi zixazululo zihlaziya amalogi omsebenzi, zibheka amaphethini angajwayelekile, futhi zenze izexwayiso uma kwenzeka kuba nomsebenzi osolisayo. Ukuqapha njalo kusiza ukuthola nokunciphisa ukuhlasela ngaphambi kokuthi kudale umonakalo omkhulu.
Impendulo yesigameko
Kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lokuphendula isigameko oluchazwe kahle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza izindima nezibopho, ukudala izinqubo zokusingatha izigameko, kanye nokwenza izivivinyo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuba nohlelo endaweni kuqondisa impendulo futhi kunciphisa umthelela uma kwenzeka kwephulwa ukuphepha.
Cloud Database Security
Ukuphepha kwesizindalwazi samafu kuletha izinselele ezengeziwe ngenxa yemvelo eyabiwe yengqalasizinda. Lapho usebenzisa isizindalwazi samafu, kubalulekile ukunaka lokhu okulandelayo:
- Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda imithwalo yemfanelo eyabiwe phakathi komhlinzeki wamafu nomsebenzisi. Umhlinzeki ngokuvamile unesibopho sokuvikeleka ngokomzimba kwamaseva nengqalasizinda, kuyilapho umsebenzisi enesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwedatha nokucushwa kwesizindalwazi.
- Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqondene namafu, njengokubethela kwedatha nezixazululo zokuphepha ezinikezwe umthengisi. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukuvikela idatha egcinwe emafini futhi ziqinisekise ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo nokutholakala kolwazi.
Iziphetho
Ukuphepha kwesizindalwazi kuyisici esibalulekile sokuvikela ibhizinisi nolwazi lomuntu siqu. Ngokuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo nokulandela izinqubo ezihamba phambili, singanciphisa ubungozi futhi siqinise ukuvikeleka kwesizindalwazi sethu. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezinjengokuqinisekisa, ukubethela, ukulawula ukufinyelela nokuqapha njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha egciniwe.
Ngamafuphi, ukuphepha kwedatha kufanele kube yinto eza kuqala kuzo zonke izinhlangano nabasebenzisi. Ngokulandela imikhuba emihle kakhulu nokusebenzisa izixazululo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe , singayivikela ngempumelelo idatha yethu futhi sigweme imiphumela engahlosiwe.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
1: Yiziphi izingozi eziyinhloko zokuphepha kusizindalwazi?
Izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha kuzinqolobane zolwazi zihlanganisa ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, ukulahleka kwedatha, ukukhohlisa kwedatha, ukuntshontshwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo, nokunqatshelwa kokuhlaselwa kwesevisi.
2: Ngingayivikela kanjani imininingwane yami ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle?
Ukuze uvikele isizindalwazi ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezinjengokusetshenziswa kwezibhulamlilo, ukubethelwa kwedatha, ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi nokuqapha njalo.
3: Kuyini ukubethelwa kwedatha futhi kusebenza kanjani?
Ukubethelwa kwedatha kuyinqubo eguqula idatha ibe ifomu elingafundeki kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms wokubethela. Yilabo abanokhiye wokukhipha ukubethela kuphela abangafinyelela futhi bafunde idatha.
4: Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwesizindalwazi futhi kungani kubalulekile?
Ukuhlolwa kwesizindalwazi kuhilela ukuqapha nokurekhoda imisebenzi eyenziwa kusizindalwazi. Kubalulekile ukuhlonza izenzo ezisolisayo, ukubona ukugxambukela kanye nokugcina irekhodi lemisebenzi yabasebenzisi.
5: Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa isizindalwazi samafu?
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa imininingo egciniwe yamafu ihlanganisa ukukala, ukutholakala, ukungafuneki, ukufinyelela kude, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindleko. Kodwa-ke, ukucatshangelwa kwezokuphepha okuqondene namafu kufanele kucatshangelwe.
