- Ukuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela kuvumela ukulindela ukwehluleka, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, nokuqinisa ukuphepha kwengqalasizinda ye-IT.
- Amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile njengeNagios, Zabbix, Prometheus, Cacti, OpenNMS, Icinga, Netdata, LibreNMS noma i-Observium anikeza izici ezithuthukisiwe ngaphandle kwezindleko zelayisensi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwabaqoqi be-metric, izizindalwazi zochungechunge lwesikhathi, kanye nezendlalelo zokubona izinto njenge-Grafana ne-Graphite kudala izixazululo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu nezikwazi ukukhuliswa.
- Ukuchaza izidingo, ukusebenzisa imikhuba emihle kakhulu, kanye nokwenza ubufakazi bomqondo kubalulekile ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni ipulatifomu yokuqapha efaneleke kakhulu.
Uma inethiwekhi yenkampani iqala ukwehla, i-Wi-Fi iyehla, noma iseva ebalulekile iphahlazeka ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu, ukumane "uqalise kabusha i-router bese udlula iminwe yakho" akusanele. Namuhla, kubalulekile ukuba namathuluzi okuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi evulekile akuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi kwenzekani ngesikhathi sangempela, ulindele izinkinga, futhi ugweme isikhathi sokuphumula esibizayo.
Uma usebenza ku-IT, kunethiwekhi, noma uke waba ngumholi wezobuchwepheshe enkampanini yakho, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezixazululo ezifana ne-PRTG noma i-SolarWinds… kanye namalayisense azo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kukhona uhlelo oluvuthiwe kakhulu lwamapulatifomu omthombo ovulekile wokuqapha amadivayisi, izinsizakalo, kanye nethrafikhi yenethiwekhi (ama-router, amaswishi, izindawo zokufinyelela ze-Wi-Fi, amaseva, izitsha, amafu omphakathi, nokunye okuningi) ngaphandle kwezimali ezinkulu kanye nokuguquguquka okumangalisayo.
Kuyini ukuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka?
Uma sikhuluma ngokuqapha inethiwekhi ngesikhathi sangempela, sibhekisela ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo kwesimo, ukusebenza, kanye nokuphepha kwengqalasizinda ye-IT kanye nezokuxhumana , ukuthola izehlakalo ngokushesha nje lapho zenzeka. Isofthiwe iqoqa futhi ihlaziye njalo izibalo ezivela kumadivayisi, izinhlelo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze ithimba le-IT likwazi ukusabela ngaphambi kokuba inkinga ithinte ibhizinisi.
Lezi zinhlobo zezixazululo zithembele kumaphrothokholi afana ne-SNMP, i-NetFlow/sFlow, i-ICMP , ama-API kanye nama-ejenti athile ukuqoqa idatha kusuka kuma-router, amaswishi, ama-firewall, izindawo zokufinyelela, amaseva angokoqobo nabonakalayo, izitsha, izinsizakalo zamafu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, izizindalwazi kanye nanoma yisiphi isici esiyingxenye yengqalasizinda.
Inhloso eyinhloko ukuba nokubonakala okuphelele kwethrafikhi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bandwidth, ukutholakala, kanye nempilo yengxenye ngayinye . Lokhu kuvumela ukutholakala kwezithiyo , ukuhlaselwa, ukwehluleka kwehadiwe, noma ukugcwala kwesevisi ngaphambi kokuba kuholele ekunqamukeni, ukubambezeleka okusabalele, noma ukulahleka kwedatha.
Ngaphezu kwedatha ebukhoma, amathuluzi amaningi akuvumela ukuthi ugcine izibalo zomlando zokuhlaziywa kwezitayela , ukuhlela amandla, ukuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana ne-SLA/OLA, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha, kanye nokusekelwa kwezinqumo zokutshalwa kwezimali kumishini noma izixhumanisi ezintsha.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kanye nezinzuzo zokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela
Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu ukugcinwa kokuvimbela kwengqalasizinda ye-IT kanye nenethiwekhi . Ukuba nezilinganiso eziqhubekayo ku-CPU, inkumbulo, izinga lokushisa, isimo sokuphakelwa kwamandla, amaphutha esibonakalayo, kanye nokulahleka kwephakethe kusiza ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala zokwehluleka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukuphazamiseka okukhulu noma ukuphazamiseka kwesevisi.
Impendulo yesigameko sokuqala ingenye insika ebalulekile. Amapulatifomu okuqapha akhiqiza izexwayiso ezingenziwa ngezifiso (i-imeyili, i-SMS, i-Slack, ama-Teams, ama-webhook, njll.) lapho inani lidlula umkhawulo, isevisi ingasabeli, noma kuvela iphethini yethrafikhi esolisayo. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nomthelela wezigameko zokuphepha noma ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Emisebenzini yansuku zonke, ukuqapha kunegalelo ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwamanethiwekhi, amaseva, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukukwazi ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izixhumanisi eziminyene, yiziphi izinsizakalo ezisebenzisa izinsiza eziningi, noma yiziphi izindawo zesikhathi ezibangela imithwalo ephezulu kusiza ukulungisa ukucushwa, ukulinganisela imithwalo, ukuchaza kabusha izinqubomgomo ze-QoS, futhi, ngokuvamile, ukuthola ukusebenza okungcono kubuchwepheshe obufakiwe.
Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthobela imithetho. Uhlelo oluhle lokuqapha lusiza ekulawuleni ukufinyelela, ukulandelela idatha ebucayi, kanye nokutholakala kokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe , luhlinzeka ngamalogi nezilinganiso eziwusizo ekuhlolweni nasekuboniseni ukuhambisana nezidingo zomthetho noma zesivumelwano.
Okokugcina, ngokombono webhizinisi, lezi zixazululo ziba amathuluzi okusekela izinqumo : imibiko yezikhathi ezithile, amadeshibhodi aphezulu, ukuhlaziywa komlando kwezigameko kanye nokutholakala, ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwamasayithi noma abahlinzeki bamafu… konke lokhu kusiza ekuthetheleleni ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuxoxisana nabantu besithathu kanye nokubeka phambili amaphrojekthi e-IT.
Izinzuzo ezithile zesofthiwe yokuqapha yomthombo ovulekile
Inzuzo yokuqala esobala yamathuluzi omthombo ovulekile ukuthi asebenza kahle kakhulu: azikho amalayisense avaliwe noma izindleko ezisheshayo ngedivayisi ngayinye njengalezo ezitholakala kumapulatifomu amaningi ezentengiselwano. Lokhu akusho ukuthi konke kumahhala (kuhlale kukhona ingqalasizinda, ukwesekwa, kanye nezindleko zokuqeqesha), kodwa ukonga kumalayisense kuvula isikhala sokutshala imali kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile.
Amandla esibili amakhulu ukusekelwa komphakathi kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha . Amaphrojekthi afana ne-Nagios, i-Zabbix, i-Prometheus, i-LibreNMS, kanye ne-Netdata anemiphakathi ekhuthele kakhulu ethuthukisa ama-plugin, ukuhlanganiswa, amadeshibhodi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, kanye nokulungisa ngokushesha amaphutha kanye nokuvala ubuthakathaka.
Iphinde ivelele ngokusobala kwayo kwekhodi kanye nokuthembeka : njengesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile, noma ubani angahlola ukuthi idatha icutshungulwa futhi igcinwa kanjani, abukeze ukuphepha kwesistimu, futhi avumelanise ikhodi yomthombo nezidingo ezithile. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yeminyango efihliwe futhi kwenza kube lula ukuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha zangaphakathi.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukugwema ukukhiya kwabathengisi. Ngezixazululo ezivulekile, kulula ukufuduka phakathi kwamathuluzi noma ukuwahlanganisa (isibonelo, ukusebenzisa i-Prometheus yezilinganiso zohlelo lokusebenza, i-Zabbix yamadivayisi enethiwekhi, kanye ne-Grafana njengesendlalelo sokubona esihlanganisiwe), ngaphandle kokuboshwa kumephu eyodwa yenkampani yokuphila.
Ngokusobala, amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile ngokuvamile adinga izinga elithile lekhono lobuchwepheshe lokufaka, ukucushwa, kanye nokugcinwa , kodwa ngokubuyisela anikeza ukuguquguquka namandla ancintisana ngqo nezixazululo eziningi zezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukwenza ngokwezifiso nokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona kubhekwa khona njengenani.
Amathuluzi okuqapha aphezulu omthombo ovulekile wamanethiwekhi nengqalasizinda
Kunezinhlelo eziningi ezivuthiwe ezigxile ekuqapheni amanethiwekhi, amaseva, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezindawo zamafu. Ngezansi umbono jikelele wamathuluzi omthombo ovulekile afaneleka kakhulu wethrafikhi yenethiwekhi kanye nokubonakala , ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okuhlukahlukene kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqhathanisa okukhethekile.
Esinye sezibonelo zakudala yi- Nagios Core , injini yokuqapha nokuxwayisa enamandla kakhulu. Isebenza njengesisekelo samaphrojekthi amaningi e-Nagios futhi iphatha ukuhlola kokuhlela, ukucubungula imiphumela, ukuphatha imicimbi, kanye nokukhiqiza izexwayiso. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwe-modular kuvumela ukwandisa amakhono ngama-API nama-plugin enziwe ngokwezifiso, futhi uhlelo lwayo lwendalo lukhulu, olunezihlanganisi cishe zanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwedivayisi noma isevisi.
Esinye isiqhwaga emhlabeni wemithombo evulekile yi- Zabbix , egxile kakhulu ekuqapheni ingqalasizinda ye-IT enkulu. Inamandla kakhulu ekuqoqeni nasekuhlaziyeni amamethrikhi edivayisi yenethiwekhi (ukusetshenziswa kwe-bandwidth, isimo sesixhumi esibonakalayo, izixhumanisi, ukulahleka kwephakethe, izinga lokushisa, i-CPU, imemori, njll.), kungaba nge-SNMP noma ngama-ejenti ayo. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bachaze imingcele, ukugeleza kokukhushulwa kwesaziso, amashejuli, iziteshi zesaziso, kanye ne-logic yemicimbi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa amafu kanye nedatha yochungechunge lwesikhathi, i-Prometheus ivelele . Lesi sixazululo sisebenzisa imodeli yedatha enobukhulu, ekhonjwa ngamagama e-metric kanye namathegi enani eliyisihluthulelo, futhi sisebenzisa ulimi lombuzo we-PromQL ukudala amashadi, amathebula, imithetho yezexwayiso, kanye nemibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi. Idatha yayo igcinwa kahle kwimemori kanye nediski yendawo, okwenza izimo ngazinye zibe ezizimele kakhulu, futhi ihlangana kalula ne-Grafana ukuze kubonakale.
Kulabo abafuna ikhambi elilula eligxile ezikhathini zangempela ezimfushane kakhulu kanye nokubambezeleka okuncane, i-Netdata iyindlela ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ifaka njenge-ejenti kuseva noma idivayisi ngayinye ye-Linux, iqoqa izilinganiso zesistimu nezinhlelo zokusebenza, igcina idatha ku-node ngokwayo (ngaphandle kokuthembela kudathabheyisi yangaphandle esikhathini esifushane), futhi inikeza amadeshibhodi azenzakalelayo anezithombe zokusebenza ezinemininingwane eminingi, ngisho nokusebenzisa amamodeli okufunda komshini ukuthola okungahambi kahle.
Amathuluzi akhethekile amanethiwekhi kanye nokubonakala kwethrafikhi
Ngaphandle kwamapulatifomu enhloso evamile, kukhona amathuluzi omthombo ovulekile aqondisa ngqo ukuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi kanye namagrafu okusebenza , ikakhulukazi awusizo lapho kugxilwe ekubukeni i-bandwidth, ukugeleza, kanye nempilo yesixhumanisi.
Enye yezindawo ezidumile kakhulu yi- Cacti , egxile ekudaleni amagrafu enethiwekhi nokuphatha amaphutha okuqapha ukusebenza. Isebenzisa i-RRDTool ukugcina idatha nokukhiqiza amagrafu, inikeza amathempulethi okuzenzakalelayo ukubhaliswa kwedivayisi, futhi isekela izindlela eziningi zokuthola idatha. Ama-plugin ayo (i-THold, i-SysLog, i-MacTrack, phakathi kwabanye) avumela imingcele, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-syslog, ukulandelela ikheli le-MAC, kanye nokuqapha idivayisi ngesikhathi sangempela.
Enye ipulatifomu enamandla kakhulu yi -OpenNMS Horizon , ebhekwa njengenye yezixazululo zokuqala zokuqapha insizakalo yenethiwekhi yebhizinisi evulekile ngokuphelele. Isekela ukuqapha amanethiwekhi endawo nasatshalaliswa, inikeza isitokwe, ukuphathwa kwamaphutha, ukuqoqwa kwedatha ekude, ukuhlangana kwe-alamu, ukuqapha insizakalo yebhizinisi, kanye nokuqapha ithrafikhi. Konke kuphathwa ngesixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu esinobuchwepheshe esinamadeshibhodi enziwa ngezifiso.
Ngendlela efanayo, i-Icinga izibeka njengoshintsho lwesimanje lwemodeli ye-Nagios, ene-web interface ephucukile futhi igxile kakhulu ekuqapheni inethiwekhi, ukusebenza kwe-interface, ukusetshenziswa kwe-bandwidth, amaphutha, umthwalo we-CPU kanye nememori, kanye nempilo yehadiwe. I-Icinga isekela ukuhlolwa kwe-SNMP, izilinganiso ezithile zomthengisi, kanye nokwamukelwa kwe-SNMP trap, okuhlanganiswa ne-Logstash ukuphatha imicimbi evela kumadivayisi amaningi.
Kulabo abadinga umbono oningiliziwe wamadivayisi enethiwekhi, izixhumi, kanye nethrafikhi, amaphrojekthi afana ne -LibreNMS kanye ne -Observium awusizo kakhulu. Womabili athembele kakhulu ku-SNMP kanye nezinqubo zokuthola (i-CDP, i-LLDP, i-OSPF, i-BGP, i-ARP, njll.) ukuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo inethiwekhi, ukukhiqiza amamephu, nokwethula amamethrikhi okusebenza ngamagrafu acacile , imingcele elungisekayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa eziguquguqukayo.
Ukuboniswa okuthuthukisiwe ngeGrafana neGraphite
Ezindleleni eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenzisa, ungqimba lokuqoqwa kwezilinganiso luhlukaniswe nongqimba lokubona. Amaphrojekthi amabili abalulekile kule ndlela yiGrafana kanye neGraphite , zombili ezisebenzisa umthombo ovulekile futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zebhizinisi.
I-Grafana iyithuluzi elisebenzisa i-plugin elihlanganisa amapulatifomu amaningi, elenzelwe ukudala amadeshibhodi okubonisa idatha enziwe ngokwezifiso ngokugcwele. Ikuvumela ukuthi uxhume imithombo eminingi yedatha (i-Prometheus, i-Graphite, i-InfluxDB, i-MySQL, abahlinzeki bamafu, njll.) futhi ubonise amamethrikhi kuma-histogram, amamephu endawo, amamephu okushisa, amagrafu omugqa, amathebula, nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokubonisa. Isekela izichasiselo zesikhathi sangempela, amadeshibhodi ashukumisayo, kanye nencazelo yezexwayiso ngezaziso eziteshini ezahlukahlukene.
I-Graphite igxile ekuthwebuleni nasekudwebeni ama-metric ochungechunge lwesikhathi. Ingasetshenziswa kuhadiwe elula noma efwini futhi ilungele ukuqapha ukusebenza kwamawebhusayithi, izinsizakalo zebhizinisi, amaseva, kanye nama-metric enethiwekhi . Amaqembu amaningi akhetha izinsizakalo eziphethwe yi-Graphite (njenge-MetricFire) ezengeza isitoreji esihlanganisiwe, ukulebula idatha, ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe, kanye nokuxwayisa ngeziteshi eziningi, ngenkathi kusetshenziswa amandla e-Graphite kanye ne-Grafana ngokuvamile njenge-front end.
Ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile, izinhlelo zenethiwekhi namaseva athumela amamethrikhi ku-Graphite noma kumqoqi ohambisanayo (isb., kusetshenziswa amaphrothokholi afana ne-StatsD), bese kwakhiwa amadeshibhodi ku-Grafana ukuze anikeze umbono ohlangene wesimo sengqalasizinda yonke: kusukela kuthrafikhi ku-interface ngayinye kuya ekubuzeni ukubambezeleka noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU ngesevisi ngayinye.
Ezinye izixazululo zokuqapha ezivulekile ezifanele
Uhlelo lokuqapha oluvulekile lubanzi kakhulu futhi luhlanganisa izidingo ezithile njengokutholwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqapha inqubo, amapayipi okubona, noma ukuqoqwa kwezilinganiso ezivela ezindaweni ezingafani kakhulu.
Isibonelo, i-Checkmk iyipulatifomu ekwazi ukukhulisa kakhulu ekwazi ukuqapha yonke into kusukela ezindaweni ezincane kuya emabhizinisini amakhulu. Ihlanganisa ukuphathwa kwe-ejenti ethuthukisiwe, ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi okuzenzakalelayo, ukuboniswa okusebenzisanayo, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ezinamandla, ukubika kwe-SLA, ukuhlaziywa kwelogi kanye nemicimbi, kanye nama-API ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwayo. Inikezwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene (i-RAW yamahhala, i-Enterprise, i-Cloud, kanye ne-MSP), evumelana nosayizi abahlukahlukene namamodeli esevisi.
I-M/Monit igxile ekuqapheni nasekuzilungiseni ngokwayo izinhlelo ze-Unix ne-Linux. Iqapha izinqubo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-CPU kanye nememori, kanye nezixhumi zenethiwekhi, futhi ingasabela ngokuzenzakalelayo emaphutheni ngokwenza izenzo zokulungisa. Iphinde ikuvumele ukuthi uqaphe ukuqaliswa kwesevisi, uskene amafayela kanye nezinhlu zemibhalo ukuze uthole izinguquko ezingagunyaziwe, futhi uhlole ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kumaseva endawo noma akude.
Emkhakheni we-topology yenethiwekhi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezilinganiso, i-Pandora FMS ivelele njengesixazululo esiphelele, inikeza ukuqapha inethiwekhi, i-UX, ifu, iseva kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza, isitokwe, ukuphathwa kwamalogi, kanye namadeshibhodi angenziwa ngezifiso. Ingakwazi ukubona ngokuzenzakalelayo izixhumi zenethiwekhi, idale amamephu, ibonise izibalo zesikhathi sangempela ezinkingeni, futhi inikeze imibiko ephelele.
Kumasevisi amancane anamuhla kanye nokwakhiwa kwamafu amaningi, i-Sensu isebenza njengohlobo lwepayipi lokubuka elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuqapha. Inikeza ukuhlolwa kwezempilo, izilinganiso zokusebenza ngokwezifiso, ukuphathwa kwamalogi, ukuphathwa kwezinkinga zenethiwekhi, kanye nokuxwayisa ngeziteshi eziningi ngokudluliselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isekela ukuzilapha ngokwenza ukuqalisa kabusha kwesevisi noma izikripthi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso lapho ithola izinkinga.
Ama-ejenti, abaqoqi, namathuluzi asizayo
Ngaphezu kwamapulatifomu amakhulu, kukhona amathuluzi alula umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuqoqa nokuthumela izibalo ezivela ezinhlelweni, ezinzwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza kuya kuzigcinilwazi noma ezinhlelweni zokuqapha eziyinhloko.
Isibonelo esiyinhloko yi- Telegraf , i-ejenti esekelwe ku-Go engenazo izixhomeke zangaphandle, ekwazi ukusebenza ngohlelo olukhulu lwe-plugin. Ngama-plugin angaphezu kuka-300 okufaka/okukhipha, i-Telegraf ingakhipha ama-metrics kanye nemicimbi kusuka kuma-stack ahlukahlukene obuchwepheshe bese ithumela idatha ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-InfluxDB, i-Graphite, i-OpenTSDB, i-Datadog, i-Librato, nabanye. Ama-buffer ayo angaphakathi kwememori aqinisekisa ukuthi ama-metrics awalahleki ngisho noma i-backend eyinhloko iphansi okwesikhashana.
Esinye isici esibalulekile kwezakhiwo eziningi ukusetshenziswa kwabathumeli nabaqoqi abathile (isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-Prometheus, nabathumeli bemininingwane, amaseva ewebhu, izinhlelo zokufaka umugqa, njll.), okuvumela ukuthi amamethrikhi adalulwe ngefomethi ejwayelekile ngaphandle kokubhala kabusha uhlelo ngalunye.
Ngokuhlanganisa ama-ejenti afana ne-Telegraf, abathumeli abakhethekile, kanye nochungechunge lwesikhathi kanye namapulatifomu okubuka, kungenzeka ukwakha izixazululo eziphelele kakhulu zokuqapha amanethiwekhi, amaseva, izinhlelo zokusebenza, namafu , ngokusekelwe ngokuphelele kusofthiwe yamahhala noma ngezingxenye ezimbalwa zezentengiselwano lapho kudingeka ukwesekwa okusemthethweni.
Le ndlela yokulawula inenzuzo yokuthi inhlangano ngayinye ingakhetha kuphela izingcezu ezidingayo , izihlanganise nezinhlelo zayo ezikhona (ukuthengisa amathikithi, i-CMDB, i-SIEM, njll.) futhi ithuthukise ukwakheka njengoba indawo ikhula noma ishintsha iye ezitsheni, kuma-Kubernetes noma kumasevisi angenaseva.
Indlela yokukhetha ithuluzi lokuqapha inethiwekhi elivulekile elingcono kakhulu
Ngaphambi kokufaka ithuluzi lokuqala elidumile, kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi yini ofuna ukuyiqapha : inethiwekhi ebonakalayo (ama-router, amaswishi, izindawo zokufinyelela), noma amaseva, imishini ebonakalayo, izitsha, izinhlelo zokusebenza, noma ngisho nolwazi lomsebenzisi kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu. Lokhu kubeka phambili kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise uhla lwezinketho bese ukhetha izixazululo ezifanelana kahle nesimo sakho esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa.
Kubalulekile ukuhlola imisebenzi ebalulekile oyidingayo: imibiko, izexwayiso, ukuboniswa kwedatha, isitoreji sedatha yomlando, ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zezinkampani zangaphandle, ama-API, kanye nokusekelwa kwamaphrothokholi athile (i-SNMP, i-NetFlow, i-WMI, ama-API amafu, njll.). Isibonelo, i-Prometheus ifanelekile lapho kudingeka khona amamethrikhi enziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nemithetho yokuxwayisa eyinkimbinkimbi; i-Cacti ivelele ekuboniseni amagrafu ethrafikhi yenethiwekhi; kanti i-Checkmk inikeza ukuboniswa okusebenzisanayo kanye nemibiko ephelele ye-SLA.
Ukulula kokusebenzisa nokucushwa kungenye into ebalulekile. Amathuluzi afana ne -Zabbix, i-Netdata, noma i-Checkmk ngokuvamile anikeza ama-wizard okusetha nama-dashboard asebenziseka kalula , kuyilapho izixazululo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu zingadinga ukusethwa kokuqala okwengeziwe. Kunconywa ukuhlola isikhombimsebenzisi sokutholwa kwenethiwekhi, ukudalwa komsingathi kanye nensizakalo, kanye nokucushwa kwesaziso ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuphepha, kubalulekile ukuthi ipulatifomu isekele ukubethela, ukuqinisekiswa okuqinile, kanye nokulawulwa kokufinyelela okusekelwe ezindimeni . Ezinye, njenge-OpenNMS, i-Icinga, noma i-Prometheus, zivumela ukungezwa kwamamojula noma ukucushwa okuthuthukile ukuqinisa ukuphepha, ukuhlukanisa ukufinyelela kwedatha, kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zangaphakathi noma zomthetho; ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyalulekwa ukwengeza lokhu ngemikhuba emihle kakhulu yokucushwa kwe-firewall okuthuthukile kumaseva.
Okokugcina, kunconywa kakhulu ukwenza ubufakazi bomqondo (i-POC) ngamathuluzi okugcina amabili noma amathathu , uwasebenzise endaweni elawulwayo, ukuqapha ingqalasizinda emele futhi uhlole ukusebenza, ukusebenziseka kalula, ikhwalithi yezexwayiso kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa namathuluzi akhona (izinhlelo zamathikithi, i-CI/CD, imiyalezo, njll.).
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqapha inethiwekhi okuphumelelayo
Uma ipulatifomu isikhethiwe, impumelelo incike kakhulu endleleni ukuthunyelwa okuklanywe ngayo. Isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ukubhala phansi nokuhlela inethiwekhi : ukuthi yimaphi amadivayisi akhona, ukuthi akuphi, yiziphi izixhumanisi azisebenzisayo, yiziphi izinsizakalo ezibalulekile azisekelayo, nokuthi yikuphi ukuncika okukhona phakathi kwawo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuchaza ukuthi yini nokuthi kufanele iqashwe kanjani. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ama-topology nezinhlobo zenethiwekhi, bheka Amanethiwekhi Ekhompyutha: Izinhlobo Nezibonelo.
Kunconywa ukukhetha iphrothokholi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokuxhumana ejwayelekile yamadivayisi ukuthumela ulwazi kuthuluzi: i-SNMP yemishini yenethiwekhi, ama-ejenti amaseva, abathumeli be-Prometheus bezinsizakalo ezithile, i-syslog yemicimbi, njll. Uma indlela ifana kakhulu, kuzoba lula ukuyigcina isikhathi eside.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuchaza ukuziphatha okuyisisekelo : amanani ajwayelekile okubambezeleka, i-bandwidth, i-CPU, inkumbulo, ukuxhumana okuhambisanayo, njll. Lokhu kuvumela ukucushwa kwemingcele engokoqobo kanye nokutholakala okunembile kwezimo ezingavamile, ukugwema kokubili ama-alamu angamanga kanye nezaziso ezingabanjwanga zezigameko zangempela.
Ukusetha amadeshibhodi acacile, aqondene nendima ethile (imisebenzi engama-24/7, inethiwekhi, izinhlelo, ukuphathwa, njll.) kusiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuxilonga. I-NOC izodinga ukubukwa okufingqiwe kanye nezaziso zesikhathi sangempela; umphathi wenethiwekhi, izixhumi eziningiliziwe, amaphutha, kanye nemigqa; kanye ne-CIO, ukutholakala kanye nama-SLA ezinsizakalo ezibalulekile.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuchaza inqubomgomo yokwenyusa isexwayiso : ubani othola uhlobo luni lwesexwayiso, ngaluphi umzila, futhi yini ebaluleke kakhulu; yini eyenziwa ngaphandle kwamahora okusebenza; yini eyakha isigameko esikhulu; nokuthi impendulo ihlanganiswa kanjani phakathi kwamaqembu. Ngisho namathuluzi amahle kakhulu emhlabeni alahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle uma kungekho ophendulayo ezixwayisweni noma uma kungekho uhlelo olucacile lwesenzo.
Uma ucabangela zonke lezi zingcezu, izixazululo zokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi yomthombo ovulekile zikuvumela ukuthi wakhe izindawo eziqinile kakhulu, ngokubonakala kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, ukwesekwa kwezinqumo, kanye nesisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukutholakala, kanye nokusebenza kwanoma iyiphi ingqalasizinda, kusukela ebhizinisini elincane kuya enkampanini enkulu esatshalaliswe.