- Ukugcinwa ngokomzimba kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo (ikhibhodi, igundane, i-monitor, iphrinta, iskena nama-headphone) kwandisa isikhathi sazo sokusebenza futhi kuvimbela ukuphazamiseka njalo.
- Ukuhlanza njalo ngemikhiqizo efanele kanye namasu aphephile kuvimbela ukungcola, ukushisa ngokweqile, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle.
- Ukugcinwa kwesistimu okunengqondo (ukuhlanza amadiski, izibuyekezo, kanye nokulawula uhlelo lokuqalisa) kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhompyutha iyonke.
- Ukuphepha kanye nama-backup (i-antivirus, i-anti-spyware, amaphasiwedi aqinile kanye nama-backup) kuvikela idatha namadivayisi ku-malware kanye namaphutha abantu.
Ukunakekela kahle izinto ezisetshenziswa yikhompyutha yakho akuyona nje into eyenzeka ngenkani: ukulungiswa okufanele kokuvimbela kwandisa isikhathi sazo sokuphila, kuvimbela ukwehluleka okungalindelekile, futhi kuthuthukisa ulwazi lwakho lwansuku zonke usebenzisa i-PC yakho . Ikhibhodi, igundane, i-monitor, iphrinta, iskena, i-projector, ama-headphone… konke kuqongelela uthuli, amafutha, kanye nokuguguleka, futhi uma kungashiywa kunganakekelwe, ekugcineni kuzodala izinkinga.
Kule migqa elandelayo, uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele wokukusiza ukuthi wenze ukulungiswa okuvamile kwezingxenye ezingaphandle ngokwakho, kungaba sehhovisi noma ekhaya . Uzothola amathiphu kokubili ukuhlanza okungaphezulu nokujulile, izexwayiso zokuphepha, imikhuba emihle, kanye nemisebenzi ebalulekile yokulungisa ikhompyutha (i-hard drive, uhlelo lokusebenza, kanye nokuphepha) ethinta ngqo ukusebenza kwedivayisi.
Ukugcinwa kwemonitha
Isikrini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-CRT endala, isikrini se-LCD, noma into efanayo, asidingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile, kodwa sidinga ukuhlanzwa kwangaphandle okufanele kanye nezinyathelo ezithile zokungenisa umoya kanye nokuphepha . Ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kungathinta ikhwalithi yesithombe noma kube yingozi uma kwenzeka ama-CRT.
Ukuze uhlanze ingaphandle lesiqaphi, ungasebenzisa igwebu lokuhlanza elenzelwe ngqo imishini kagesi kanye nendwangu emanzi kancane . Kubalulekile ukuthi ungayicwilisi indwangu noma isikrini. Gwema ukungena koketshezi ngaphakathi kwezikhala zokungenisa umoya, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza izingxenye zangaphakathi.
Uma ikesi lingcolile kakhulu, ungasebenzisa isiponji esithambile noma iphedi yokukhuhla engagugi , uhlale uqaphela ukuthi ungacindezeli kakhulu ukuze ugweme ukuklwebha ipulasitiki. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlanza umhlane kanye nesisekelo, njengoba lezi zindawo zivame ukuqongelela uthuli oluningi.
Ukuxhumeka kwemonitha (i-HDMI port, i-DisplayPort, i-VGA, amandla, njll.) akuvamile ukudinga ukulungiswa, kodwa uma ubona ukungcola noma uthuli oluqhubekayo, ungazihlanza ngebhulashi eliqinile kanye ne-electronics degreaser , ufake umkhiqizo ebhulashini futhi ungalokothi uqonde ngqo esixhumini. Ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kokungcola esikhathini esizayo, bheka ukuthi ungamboza kanjani ama-port angenalutho.
Ngokuphathelene nokubekwa, kubalulekile ukuthi i-monitha ibe nesikhala esanele nxazonke ukuze kujikelezwe umoya . Ungambozi ama-grilles omoya noma ususe i-stand noma isisekelo, njengoba lokhu kuyingxenye yesistimu yokusabalalisa ukushisa. I-monitha eshisiwe kakhulu inganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sayo sokuphila.
Endabeni yamamonitha e-CRT akudala, kunemithetho yokuphepha okungafanele inganakwa. Aqukethe izingxenye ze-voltage ephezulu ezigcina amandla ngisho noma zivaliwe , ngakho-ke i-casing akufanele ivulwe ngaphandle kokuthi yenziwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, gwema ukubeka amatheyiphu, amadiski, noma amadivayisi akhiqiza amasimu anamandla kazibuthe phezu kwemonitha ye-CRT, njengoba i-magnet yangaphakathi ingasusa i-media futhi yonakalise idatha.
Kuma-monitor esikrini esiyisicaba se-LCD kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bamanje, isincomo esiyinhloko ukugwema ukufafaza izihlanzi zoketshezi ngqo esikrinini , futhi ikakhulukazi hhayi ama-aerosols aqukethe i-ammonia noma utshwala obunamandla. Kungcono ukufafaza indwangu ye-microfiber ngenani elincane lesihlanzi sesikrini bese usula isikrini ngobumnene.
Ukulungiswa kwekhibhodi
Ikhibhodi cishe iyona engcolile kakhulu, ngoba igcwele imifantu futhi sihlala siyithinta. Izingcezu, uthuli, izinsalela zokudla, izinwele, nazo zonke izinhlobo zokungcola kuqongelela phakathi kwezihluthulelo . Yingakho kubalulekile ukwenza ukulungiswa okulula kokuvimbela njalo.
Ukuze uhlanze ngaphandle ngokushesha, qala ngokunqamula ikhibhodi kukhompyutha (noma uyicime uma ingenantambo) bese uyibeka etafuleni uyibhekise phansi ukuze uyinyakazise kancane . Ngaphandle kokuyishaya, vumela imfucumfucu emikhulu iwele. Ungathinta futhi kancane ngemuva kwekhibhodi ngesandla sakho ukuze usize.
Okulandelayo, usebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile, i-cotton swab, noma ibhulashi elincane, hlanza izikhala phakathi kwezihluthulelo ukuze ususe uthuli . Enye indlela elula ukusebenzisa ithini lomoya ocindezelwe, uqondise i-spray nge-engeli encane ukuze ukungcola kuphephetheke ohlangothini olulodwa futhi kungabuyeli kukhibhodi.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlanza amanye amakhibhodi ngamanzi (kungcono acwecwe), uma nje enqanyuliwe ngokuphelele kwikhompyutha futhi eshiywe ukuba ome amahora amaningana ngaphambi kokuba axhunywe futhi. Uma umswakama uhlala ngaphakathi, i-short circuit ingenzeka kalula lapho kuhlanganiswa kabusha ikhibhodi, ngakho-ke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Ukuze uqedele ukuhlanza indawo, ungasebenzisa ama-wipe acwiliswe ku-isopropyl alcohol ukuhlanza okhiye kanye ne-casing. Utshwala bususa izigxivizo zeminwe, buphuze ama-residue, futhi buhlanze amagciwane. Gwema ama-hand wipe avamile anamakha noma insipho avame ukushiya ama-residue anamathelayo.
Ukuhlanza ikhibhodi ngokujulile isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Uma ikhibhodi ichithekile, amanye amakhiya ayayeka ukusebenza, noma izinto zibhajwe ngaphakathi, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngokuyihlanza ngokuyihlukanisa kancane kancane . Kuyinqubo ethatha isikhathi, kodwa ngokuhlela okuncane, ingenziwa ekhaya.
1. Okokuqala, vala ikhompyutha yakho bese unqamula ikhibhodi . Uma ingenantambo, susa amabhethri. Ukusebenza ngekhibhodi engaxhunywanga kuyimpoqo.
2. Dweba noma uphawule ukwakheka kwazo zonke izinkinobho ephepheni . Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuwubuwula, kodwa kuzokusindisa ezinkingeni eziningi lapho ukuhlanganisa kabusha, ikakhulukazi ngamakhibhodi afaka izinkinobho ezikhethekile noma ukwakheka okungavamile.
3. Beka ikhibhodi ibheke phansi endaweni yakho yokusebenza bese uthola izikulufo zekhanda zePhillips ezibamba i-casing ephezulu endaweni yazo. Ngokuvamile zisakazeke ngemuva . Zisuse bese uzigcina ndawonye ukuze ungazilahli.
4. Hlukanisa ngokucophelela isembozo sangaphezulu sekhibhodi. Zama ukungawasusi okhiye . Sebenzisa lokhu kufinyelela kokuqala ukuze usebenzise umoya ocindezelwe kanye nebhulashi eliqinile ukuze ususe uthuli, imvuthuluka, kanye nezinye izinsalela phakathi kokhiye. Lokhu kuhlanza kunganele: uma ikhibhodi isebenza kahle, ungayihlanganisa kabusha bese uqedile.
5. Uma ufuna ukwenza ukuhlanza okunzulu, phakamisa uhlaka olubamba okhiye, uzama ukuzigcina zisendaweni yazo. Uzobona ibhodi lesifunda lifakwe ngesikulufu. Likhulule bese ulihlanza nge-elekthronikhi ekhethekile kanye nebhulashi elifanele. Uma udinga ukuxhuma ikhebula noma isixhumi, qaphela ukuthi libekwe kanjani, ngoba kumele lixhunywe kabusha ngendlela efanayo.
6. Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sesihluthulelo, uzothola ipuleti lensimbi elibanjwe ngezikulufo ezincane . Khulula lezi zikulufo bese uphakamisa ipuleti ngokucophelela. Ngaphansi, uzobona ibhodi lesekethe eliphrintiwe kumashidi epulasitiki amancane (i-acetate noma ulwelwesi lwerabha). Hlanza lawa mashidi ngendwangu ethambile, eyomile noma emanzi kancane, uqaphele ukuthi ungagobi noma ungaklwebhi iminonjana.
7. Ngaphansi kwebhodi lesekhethi kuvame ukuba nephedi yerabha esebenza njengendawo yokuxhumana yekhiye ngayinye. Le ndawo ivame ukuqongelela izinsalela ezinamathelayo uma kube nokuchitheka koketshezi noma ukungcola okudala . Uma kunguthuli nje, ibhulashi lizokwanela; uma ubona amabala, wasuse ngokucophelela bese usebenzisa igwebu elinensipho kanye nendwangu, uqiniseke ukuthi akukho manzi asele.
8. Ungakhohlwa okhiye ngokwabo. Yizona izingxenye ezingcola kakhulu ngoba zithintana ngqo neminwe yakho. Ungazihlanza nge- foam enensipho kanye nendwangu ethambile noma uzicwilise emanzini isikhashana ngesihlanzi esincane esithambile, womise ingxenye ngayinye kahle ngemva kwalokho.
9. Uma konke sekomile ngokuphelele, hlanganisa kabusha iphedi yerabha, ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, ipuleti lensimbi, kanye nebhodi lesifunda. Buyisela ibhokisi eliphezulu, ulibuyisele ngaphakathi, bese uxhuma ikhibhodi kwikhompyutha ukuze wenze isivivinyo esijwayelekile bese uqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinkinobho zisebenza kahle.
Ukunakekelwa kwegundane
Igundane, kungaba ibhola elibonakalayo, elenziwe nge-laser, noma elenziwe ngomshini, liphinde liqongelele amafutha nokungcola ngenxa yokuxhumana okuqhubekayo nesandla kanye nendawo elihlala kuyo. Igundane elingcolile livame ukuphumela ekunyakazeni kwesikhombisi okungacacile, ukugxuma okungajwayelekile, noma ukuntuleka kokuphendula , ikakhulukazi kumamodeli ebhola.
Ukuze uqale noma yikuphi ukulungiswa, vala ikhompyutha yakho bese unqamula igundane . Kumagundane e-USB, khipha isixhumi ngenkathi ubambe ingxenye yepulasitiki, ngaphandle kokudonsa ikhebula ukuze ugweme umonakalo. Uma ingenantambo, yivale bese, uma kudingeka, susa amabhethri.
Kumagundane amadala anebhola, phendula idivayisi bese uthola isembozo sebhola. Ngokuvamile inemicibisholo emincane ekhombisa indlela yokujikeleza . Usebenzisa izinzipho zakho noma uhlamvu lwemali, jika isembozo bese ususa isembozo kanye nebhola. Kubalulekile ukungashayi ibhola ezindaweni eziqinile, njengoba lokhu kungalilimaza futhi kulivimbele ukuthi ligingqike kahle.
Ukuze uhlanze i-trackball, sebenzisa indwangu eyomile noma emanzi kancane. Uma imnyama kakhulu noma inamathela, beka indwangu etafuleni bese uyigoqa kancane i-trackball kuze kube yilapho ukungcola kunyamalala. Bese uhlola isikhala lapho i-trackball ihlala khona: sebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ukususa uthuli bese uhlanza ingxenye ephezulu nengezansi yegundane ngamanzi anensipho noma indwangu emanzi, engenazinti.
Eduze kakhulu nendawo yebhola kukhona ama-roller athile aqaphela ukunyakaza. Uma evalwe ukungcola, isignali iyaba yinto engazinzile. Ungakhuhla ukungcola ngozipho lwakho noma ngesihloko se-screwdriver esiyisicaba , uhlale uqaphela ukuthi ungawagobi noma ungawalimazi. Uma usuqedile, shintsha ibhola bese ulifaka isikulufu.
Kumagundane anamuhla angenabhola, ukungcola kuvame ukunqwabelana esondweni lokuskrola, inzwa yokukhanya noma ye-laser, kanye nemithungo yesikhala. Kulokhu, i -toothpick yokhuni iwusizo kakhulu ekususeni ukungcola emifantwini emincane kakhulu . Yigijime emalungeni ezingxenye kanye nendawo lapho isithupha sakho siphumule khona, lapho kuvame ukunqwabelana khona amafutha amaningi.
Endaweni yamasondo, ekuvulekeni kwenzwa, nakwezinye izimbobo ezincane, kungcono ukusebenzisa i- swab kakotini eyomile , uyijikelezise ukuze ususe uthuli ngaphandle kokushiya imicu ngemuva. Uma ingxenye enkulu yothuli isisusiwe, sula lonke ikhava, kufaka phakathi ingaphansi, ngendwangu noma ibhola likakotini elimanziswe kancane nge-isopropyl alcohol (hhayi ngaphezu kuka-70-75%).
Vumela umoya wegundane wome imizuzu embalwa, ngaphandle kokuwuxhuma okwamanje, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mkhondo womswakama eduze kwenzwa noma ezinkinobheni . Bese uwuxhuma futhi kukhompyutha bese uwuhlola ngokuhambisa ikhesa bese ucindezela zonke izinkinobho.
Ukunakekelwa kwama-headphone nama-headset
Ama-headphone nama-headset awangcoli ngokushesha njengekhibhodi noma amagundane, kodwa ukuthintana nezindlebe nezinwele kusho ukuthi ukujuluka, uwoyela, kanye nezinhlayiya zesikhumba kunganqwabelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma abantu abaningana bewabelana, kungumqondo omuhle ukuwabulala amagciwane ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kugcinwe inhlanzeko efanele.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukususa ngokucophelela ama-earpad noma iziqongo zendlebe uma usebenzisa ama-headphone angaphakathi kwendlebe. Bamba emaphethelweni futhi ugweme ukudonsa ikhebula noma ukuphoqa izingxenye zepulasitiki ezithambile . Gcina izindwangu ezomile, ama-cotton pad, nama-wipes aklanyelwe ngqo ama-elekthronikhi noma aqukethe isibulala-magciwane esincane eduze ukuze uvimbele uketshezi ukuthi lufinyelele izingxenye zangaphakathi.
Ukuze ubulale amagciwane kuma-ear pad, faka amaconsi ambalwa e-antiseptic (isibonelo, i-isopropyl alcohol exutshwe noma i-headphone cleaner) ku-cotton pad bese usula yonke indawo ethinta isikhumba sakho . Akunasidingo sokuwacwilisa noma ukuwacwilisa emanzini, njengoba lokhu kungonakalisa ukwakheka kwezinto noma kubangele ukuthi i-coating iqhekezeke.
Engxenyeni ye-diaphragm yesipikha lapho kukhona khona i-grille noma i-mesh, sebenzisa i-swab kakotini eyomile ngokuphelele ukuze ususe uthuli, i-earwax, noma ezinye izinsalela . Sebenzisa ukunyakaza okuthambile futhi ugweme ukucindezela kakhulu ukuze uvimbele ukufiphaza i-diaphragm noma ukulimaza umshayeli.
Okulandelayo, hlanza i-mesh yangaphandle ngendwangu noma iphedi emanziswe kancane nge-antiseptic, uyihlikihle kancane. Lokhu kubulala amagciwane endaweni ngaphandle kokumanzisa ingaphakathi le-earbud . Kungcono ukufaka inani elincane lomkhiqizo izikhathi eziningana kunokuyishiya ivuza.
Ekugcineni, sula ibhande lekhanda, izimbobo eziseceleni, kanye nezintambo ngendwangu efakwe kancane ngesisombululo esifanayo. Izingxenye eziqinile zivame ukuqongelela ukungcola lapho ziphumule khona ekhanda nasentanyeni yakho, ngakho-ke chitha isikhathi kulezo zindawo.
Uma usuqedile, beka ama-earbud endwangwini eyomile ngokuphelele amahora ambalwa . Ngisho noma ubuqaphele ngoketshezi, kuhlale kunengozi encane yokuthi inani elincane lingase lingene koxhumana naye. Ukuwomisa kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okusebenzisa ama-short circuits uma uwasebenzisa futhi.
Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo: amaphrinta, amaskena, namaphrojektha
Ngaphezu kwekhibhodi yakudala, igundane, kanye ne-monitor, izindawo eziningi zokusebenza zifaka phakathi amaphrinta, ama-scanner, nama-projector adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane . Awezweli kangako ekungcoleni kwansuku zonke, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sawo sokuphila.
Amaphrinta we-Inkjet
Inkinga evame kakhulu ngamaphrinta e-inkjet ama-nozzle ayinki avaliwe noma omisiwe . Uma ucima iphrinta ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kokuyivumela ukuthi iqede umjikelezo bese upaka ikhanda lokuphrinta, ama-nozzle angahlala engekho endaweni yawo yokuphumula futhi ome kalula. Ukuze uthole izixazululo ezithile, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu wokuxazulula izinkinga zephrinta.
Ukuze unciphise le ngozi, jwayela ukuvala njalo iphrinta usebenzisa inkinobho yayo yamandla futhi kuphela uma umsebenzi wokuphrinta usuqediwe ngokuphelele. Futhi, uma uchitha isikhathi eside ungaphrintanga, uyinki osekhanda lokuphrinta uvame ukoma. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuphrinta amakhasi ambalwa okuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ugcine uhlelo lusebenza.
Amaphrinta we-Laser
Uma kwenzeka kumaphrinta e-laser, ingxenye ebalulekile yi-toner. I-Toner powder iyazwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni , yingakho ama-cartridge evame ukufakwa ezikhwameni zepulasitiki ezingacacile. Uma ivezwa ekukhanyeni okukhulu isikhathi eside kakhulu, ingonakala futhi ikhiqize amaphrinta asezingeni eliphansi.
Ukuze uhlanze ingaphakathi nengaphandle lephrinta ye-laser, kungcono ukusebenzisa i -vacuum cleaner eyenzelwe ngqo imishini yekhompyutha noma indwangu engena-lint . Gwema ukufutha i-toner, njengoba izinhlayiya zingaba nomoya futhi zibangele ukungakhululeki noma ngisho nokucasuka.
Uma i-toner powder ingcolisa isikhumba sakho, yigeze ngamanzi abandayo esikhundleni se-hot . Amanzi ashisayo angafaka i-powder esikhumbeni sakho noma ezingutsheni zakho, okwenza kube nzima ukuyisusa.
Iskena
Ingxenye ebucayi kakhulu yesikena yingilazi lapho ubeka khona amadokhumenti . Uma iklwebheka noma imbozwe ngendwangu ecwebezelayo, amaskeni azoba nemigqa noma amafu. Gcina indawo ihlanzekile ngendwangu ethambile engamanziswanga ngamanzi noma isihlanzi esingathathi hlangothi, njalo idivayisi ivaliwe futhi ingaxhunywanga.
Uma udinga ukuhambisa isithwebuli usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye, qiniseka ukuthi ukhiya ingalo yangaphakathi ehambayo uma imodeli yakho inesikhiye sokuthutha . Lokhu kuvimbela ukushaqeka okungazelelwe emshinini ngesikhathi sokuthutha, okungase kuphazamise ukugxila noma kulimaze injini.
Iphrojektha
Amaphrojektha akhiqiza ukushisa okuningi, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokungenisa umoya lubalulekile. Uma uwacima, ifeni ivame ukusebenza ukuze ipholise kancane kancane ilensi nesibani . Ungalokothi ukhiphe iprojektha ngesikhathi iphola: linda kuze kube yilapho ifeni ima ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokukhipha ikhebula. Ukuze uvikele imishini yakho ekucimeni kukagesi noma ekukhuphukeni, cabanga ukusebenzisa i-UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply).
Kunconywa futhi ukugcina ama- grille omoya engenathuli futhi ugweme ukuwavimba ngamaphepha, izindonga, noma ezinye izinto. Ukupholisa okungekuhle kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila kwesibani kanye nomshini uqobo.
Ukulungiswa okunengqondo: i-hard drive kanye nesistimu yokusebenza
Ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezisetshenziswayo nakho kuncike esimweni sesistimu. Ukuba nekhompyutha egcwele amafayela angafuneki, ene-hard drive egcwele kanye nezinhlelo ezingenamsebenzi ezilayishwe ekuqaleni akugcini nje ngokubambezela ikhompyutha, kodwa futhi kungabangela ukuphahlazeka kanye nokwehluleka okuthinta amaphrinta, ama-scanner, noma ama-drive angaphandle.
Sula i-hard drive
Omunye wemisebenzi elula evamile ukukhipha i-Recycle Bin . Ngaphambi kokwenza kanjalo, bheka ngaphakathi ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ongakudinga esikhathini esizayo. Uma usuqinisekile, khipha i-Recycle Bin bese ukhulula leso sikhala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungumqondo omuhle ukususa amafayela esikhashana namafayela e-cache akhiqizwe uhlelo ngokwalo lapho ufaka izinhlelo, uphequlula i-inthanethi, noma usebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Ungasebenzisa ithuluzi le-Windows elithi "Disk Cleanup" noma izinsiza zangaphandle ezifana ne-CCleaner ukuze wenze ingxenye enkulu yale nqubo ibe ngokuzenzakalela.
Kuma-hard drive omshini (ama-HDD), ukuqhekeka kwamafayela kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuphoqa ikhanda lokufunda/lokubhala ukuthi lifune idatha ezindaweni ezahlukene zediski. Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza, ungasebenzisa i-disk defragmentation . Ezinguqulweni zakamuva njenge-Windows 10, lo msebenzi uvame ukuhlelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanti ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini kungadingeka ukuthi uqhutshwe ngesandla.
Uma ikhompyutha yakho isebenzisa idrayivu yesimo esiqinile (i-SSD), akufanele uyihlukanise njengoba ubungenza ngedrayivu yediski enzima (i-HDD), ngoba ayinikezi nzuzo futhi ingafinyeza isikhathi sokuphila kwedrayivu . Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphambi kokuhlukanisa idrayivu enzima yemishini, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ukhiphe i-Recycle Bin bese ususa amafayela esikhashana ukuze inqubo isheshe futhi isebenze kahle.
Futhi yisikhathi esihle sokubuyekeza izinhlelo zakho ezifakiwe bese ususa lezo ongasazisebenzisi . Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezindala noma lezo ezifakiwe "ukuze nje uzizame" zigcina zithatha isikhala futhi ngezinye izikhathi zengeza izinsizakalo zangemuva ezinciphisa ijubane lesistimu ngaphandle kokunikeza noma iyiphi inzuzo.
Ukugcinwa kwesistimu yokusebenza
Ukugcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lusesikhathini kubaluleke kakhulu njengokuhlanza ihadiwe yakho. Hlola njalo ukuthi unazo zonke izibuyekezo zakamuva zokuphepha nokusebenza ezifakiwe , kokubili ohlelweni lokusebenza ngokwalo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi kakhulu, njengeJava noma, ngaphambili, iFlash, kanye ne- firmware yezingxenye zakho ezisetshenziswayo.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezilayisha ekuqaleni. Abafaki abaningi bafaka abasizi abancane noma ababuyekezi ohlwini lokuqalisa lwe-Windows, futhi yize eyodwa noma ezimbili zingase zingabonakali, uma zinqwabelana eziningana, isikhathi sokuqalisa singaphindeka kabili ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele . Ungaphatha lolu hlu kusuka ku-msconfig (ezinguqulweni ezindala) noma kusuka ku-Task Manager ezinhlelweni zakamuva, ukhiphe ukumaka lezo ongadingi ukuzisebenzisa ekuqaleni.
Isimiso esithi "okuncane kukhulu" siyasebenza nasekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke: uma unezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezivuliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, kulapho ukusetshenziswa kwememori kanye nomsebenzi wokucubungula kukhulu khona. Uma ikhompyutha yakho isivele inezinsiza eziphansi, lokhu kungaholela ekuqineni, ekuphahlazekeni, noma ekuhambeni kancane okuvamile . Vala lokho ongakusebenzisi futhi uzobona umehluko.
Okokugcina, ungawadeleli amandla okuqalisa kabusha okuhle. Ukuvala nokuwavula ikhompyutha yakho ngezikhathi ezithile kusiza ukususa inkumbulo, ukuvala izinqubo ezibambekile , nokubuyisela ukuziphatha kohlelo okuzinzile.
Ukuphepha kanye nezipele
Ukulungisa akukhona nje ukusula uthuli nezikulufu. Ukuphepha okunengqondo kubaluleke ngokulinganayo, noma hhayi kakhulu, ngoba igciwane, i-ransomware, noma inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engavikelekile kahle ingenza amafayela akho nemishini yakho ingasebenzi ngemizuzu embalwa.
Isipele sesikhathi
Uma usebenza ngamadokhumenti abalulekile, izithombe, noma amaphrojekthi abucayi, kufanele uhlele ukwenza amakhophi agciniwe masonto onke noma njalo ngenyanga okuqukethwe yi-hard drive yakho , kuye ngokuthi ungakanani ushintsho olwenzayo. Okungcono kakhulu, sebenzisa i-hard drive yangaphandle ehlukile kwikhompyutha yakho eyinhloko.
Ukuze udale lawa ma-backup, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi e-Windows noma izinhlelo zokusekelayo zenkampani yangaphandle. Unenketho yokwenza i-backup yesistimu yonke noma amafayela akho siqu . Lokhu kokugcina ngokuvamile kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu, ekuvumela ukuthi ufake kabusha i-Windows nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngemuva kwalokho uma kwenzeka inhlekelele enkulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luhlanzekile.
Ukuvikelwa kumagciwane kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha
I-Malware ihlanganisa amagciwane, izikelemu, ama-Trojans, ama-rootkit, ama-ransomware, kanye neminye i-malware efanayo. Ukuze unciphise izingozi, gcina njalo isofthiwe yakho yokulwa namagciwane ibuyekeziwe kanye ne-firewall yakho isebenza , futhi khetha amawebhusayithi owavakashelayo kanye nezinhlelo ozilanda ku-inthanethi.
Yenza ukuskena okugcwele kwesistimu njalo, futhi usebenzise ukuskena kwendawo ebalulekile noma ukuskena okwenziwe ngokwezifiso uma kudingeka. Uma inhlangano yakho isebenzisa izixazululo ezithile (njengePanda Endpoint Protection), jwayela ukusebenzisa ukuskena okujulile kusuka kudeshibhodi ye-antivirus njalo.
I-Spyware, i-phishing, namaphasiwedi
I-Spyware uhlobo lwesofthiwe eqoqa ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi wakho ukuze ibonise ukukhangisa okuphazamisayo noma ngezinye izinjongo ezingacacile. Indlela elula yokulwa nayo ukufaka uhlelo oluhle lwamahhala lokulwa ne-spyware, njenge-Ad-Aware noma isofthiwe efanayo, usebenzise amaskeni avamile, bese ususa noma yini eyitholayo.
Uma usebenzisa i-imeyili, qaphela kakhulu ngemiyalezo ekucela ukuthi ubuyekeze ulwazi mayelana nama-akhawunti asebhange, izinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi, noma amapulatifomu ezemfundo. Eziningi zalezi ziyimizamo yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane, okusho ukwebiwa kobunikazi okuklanyelwe ukweba iziqinisekiso . Qaphela ama-imeyili anamaphutha esipelingi, abathumeli abasolisayo, noma izixhumanisi ezingakhombisi isizinda esisemthethweni senhlangano abathi bayimele.
Ngokuphathelene namaphasiwedi, kuwumqondo omubi kakhulu ukusebenzisa lawo afanayo kukho konke: i-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, amabhange aku-inthanethi, amasango okukhokha, njll. Uma othile ethola elilodwa, angawafinyelela wonke amanye. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi ahlukene naqinile , usebenzisa umphathi wephasiwedi noma ijeneretha yephasiwedi evikelekile ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kudingeka.
Uma usebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zomphakathi noma ezabiwe, qiniseka ukuthi inethiwekhi ivikelwe nge -WPA2 noma ngaphezulu kokubethela kanye nephasiwedi eqinile . Ezikhungweni zemfundo noma ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu, xhuma kumanethiwekhi asemthethweni kuphela (njenge-Eduroam emanyuvesi) futhi ugweme amanethiwekhi avulekile, angavikelekile.
Ngokuhlanganisa lokhu kunakekelwa ngokomzimba kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokugcinwa okunengqondo kanye nemikhuba emihle yokuphepha, kulula kakhulu ukujabulela ikhompyutha esebenza kahle, ngaphandle kwemisindo engavamile, ukuqanda, kanye nezinto ezimbalwa ezingathandeki ezimangazayo . Ekugcineni, ukuzinika isikhathi sokuhlanza, ukuhlela, nokuhlola konga isikhathi nemali uma kuqhathaniswa nokulungiswa njalo noma ukushintsha amadivayisi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
